Exploring Audio Analog To Ip Converter: Performance, Composition, and Practical Applications

Types of Analog to IP Converters

An analog to IP converter is a device that transforms analog audio signals into digital data packets for transmission over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. These devices are essential in modern audio systems, enabling seamless integration of legacy analog equipment with digital network infrastructures. Whether used in public address systems, broadcast studios, or enterprise communications, analog to IP converters ensure high-quality, reliable audio delivery across local and wide-area networks.

Single Channel Converter

Designed to digitize and transmit one analog audio input at a time, this converter is ideal for point-to-point audio transmission.

Advantages

• Simple setup and configuration
• Cost-effective for small-scale applications
• Low latency for real-time communication
• Perfect for dedicated audio sources like microphones or intercoms

Limitations

• Limited to one audio source
• Not scalable for large systems
• May require multiple units for expanded use

Best for: Intercom systems, telephony integration, small PA systems, or remote audio monitoring

Multi-Channel Converter

Capable of converting multiple analog inputs into digital IP streams simultaneously, these units support efficient audio aggregation.

Advantages

• High channel density in a single device
• Supports both unified and individual streaming per channel
• Reduces cabling and network complexity
• Ideal for centralized audio control rooms

Limitations

• Higher initial investment
• More complex configuration
• Requires sufficient network bandwidth

Best for: Conference centers, broadcast studios, transportation hubs, and multi-zone audio systems

Portable Converter

Compact, battery-powered devices designed for mobility and quick deployment in field operations.

Advantages

• Lightweight and easy to transport
• Built-in power options (battery/rechargeable)
• Quick setup with intuitive interfaces
• Enables live audio transmission from remote locations

Limitations

• Limited battery life
• Fewer input/output options
• Less rugged than fixed installations

Best for: Field reporting, mobile journalism, outdoor events, emergency response systems

Integrated Converter

Combines analog-to-digital conversion with additional functionalities such as recording, playback, and network streaming.

Advantages

• All-in-one solution reduces hardware footprint
• Supports recording and on-demand playback
• Enables automated announcements and scheduling
• Streamlines system architecture and maintenance

Limitations

• Higher cost due to added features
• Steeper learning curve for full utilization
• Potential overkill for simple applications

Best for: Educational institutions, corporate campuses, hospitals, and smart buildings

Broadcast-Grade Converter

Engineered for professional broadcasting, these converters deliver studio-quality audio with precision timing and reliability.

Advantages

• Ultra-low latency for live broadcasts
• High-fidelity audio (24-bit/96kHz support)
• Redundant power and network options
• Support for AES67, SMPTE, and other broadcast standards

Limitations

• Premium pricing
• Requires professional installation
• Over-specified for non-broadcast uses

Best for: TV and radio stations, live event production, satellite uplinks, and media networks

Server-Based Converter

Runs on dedicated server hardware or virtual machines, managing high-density audio conversion and centralized control.

Advantages

• Massive scalability for hundreds of channels
• Centralized management via software interface
• Easily integrated with existing IT infrastructure
• Supports advanced routing, monitoring, and automation

Limitations

• Requires IT expertise and server maintenance
• Higher total cost of ownership
• Dependent on network stability and server uptime

Best for: Large enterprises, national paging systems, cloud-based audio services, and mission-critical operations

Streaming Engine

Specialized converters that encode and stream analog audio in real time directly to online platforms or CDNs.

Advantages

• Direct RTMP, HLS, or RTP streaming support
• Real-time encoding with minimal delay
• Compatible with YouTube, Facebook Live, and other platforms
• No additional software or encoders needed

Limitations

• Bandwidth-intensive for high-bitrate streams
• Limited customization without external tools
• May require static IP or port forwarding

Best for: Live streaming events, webinars, religious services, and public announcements over the internet

Type	Channel Capacity	Portability	Use Case	Complexity
Single Channel	1 input	Low	Point-to-point audio, intercoms	Beginner
Multi-Channel	4–64 inputs	Medium	Audio aggregation, studios	Intermediate
Portable	1–2 inputs	High	Field operations, mobile use	Beginner
Integrated	2–16 inputs	Medium	Smart buildings, automation	Intermediate
Broadcast-Grade	2–32 inputs	Low	TV/radio, live production	Advanced
Server-Based	50+	None (fixed)	Enterprise, cloud systems	Expert
Streaming Engine	1–4 inputs	Medium	Live internet streaming	Intermediate

Expert Tip: When selecting an analog to IP converter, ensure it supports standard audio over IP protocols like AES67, SIP, or RTP to guarantee compatibility with existing networked audio systems and enable future scalability.

Functions and Features of Analog to IP Audio Converters

Analog to IP audio converters play a pivotal role in modern audio infrastructure by bridging legacy analog systems with contemporary digital networks. These devices digitize analog audio signals, enabling seamless transmission over IP-based networks while preserving sound quality and ensuring real-time delivery. This integration is essential for broadcasters, enterprise communication systems, public address networks, and multimedia installations that require scalable, reliable, and high-fidelity audio distribution.

Core Functions of Analog to IP Converters

The primary purpose of an analog to IP converter is to transform analog audio inputs—such as microphone or line-level signals—into digital data packets that can be transmitted across Ethernet or Wi-Fi networks. The process involves three key stages: encoding, packaging, and transmission. Once digitized, the audio stream can be received by IP-enabled endpoints such as speakers, decoders, recording systems, or software applications, ensuring clarity and synchronization across distributed environments.

Broadcasting

For radio stations, TV networks, and live event producers, analog to IP converters are indispensable. They allow broadcasters to transmit high-quality audio from remote locations or studio setups directly into IP-based production and distribution systems. This enables efficient integration with digital audio workstations (DAWs), streaming platforms, and content delivery networks (CDNs), supporting both live and on-demand broadcasting.

Distribution

Enterprises, educational institutions, and transportation hubs use these converters to distribute audio across large facilities. Whether it’s background music in retail spaces, emergency announcements in airports, or intercom messages in office buildings, IP-based distribution ensures consistent coverage, centralized control, and easy scalability without the limitations of traditional cabling.

Multi-Channel Processing

Advanced converters support simultaneous processing of multiple audio channels, making them ideal for complex installations. For example, a single unit might handle stereo pairs from several sources—such as microphones, music players, and alarm systems—allowing for zone-specific routing and dynamic mixing. This capability enhances operational efficiency and reduces hardware footprint.

Signal Integrity

Maintaining the fidelity of the original audio signal is critical, especially in professional environments where clarity impacts communication effectiveness. High-quality converters employ precision analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), noise filtering, and bit-depth preservation techniques to minimize distortion and ensure that the output remains true to the source—crucial for voice intelligibility and music reproduction.

Real-Time Conversion

Time-sensitive applications like emergency alerts, live commentary, and synchronized audio-visual presentations demand zero-latency performance. Modern converters use optimized encoding algorithms (e.g., AAC-LD, Opus, or uncompressed PCM) and network prioritization (via QoS) to deliver near-instantaneous conversion and transmission, ensuring that audio arrives in sync with other media or events.

In summary, the core functions of analog to IP converters revolve around digitizing, encoding, and transmitting analog audio over IP networks in a way that maintains quality, timing, and usability. While models vary in complexity and capacity, all effective converters perform these essential tasks to enable interoperability between analog sources and digital ecosystems.

Key Features of High-Performance Converters

Beyond basic functionality, advanced analog to IP converters offer a suite of features designed to enhance reliability, flexibility, and system integration. These characteristics define the device’s suitability for professional and mission-critical applications.

Digital Output: Many converters include digital audio outputs (e.g., S/PDIF or AES/EBU), allowing connection to digital mixers, recorders, or additional processing equipment. This dual capability supports hybrid systems where both analog and digital workflows coexist.

IP Networking: Built-in Ethernet ports enable direct integration into local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks (WANs). Support for standard protocols like RTP, SIP, and IGMP ensures compatibility with existing network infrastructure and multicast audio distribution.

Format Compatibility: Leading converters support a wide range of audio codecs—including WAV, MP3, AAC, FLAC, and PCM—allowing users to balance quality and bandwidth usage based on application needs. Some models also support lossless formats for studio-grade reproduction.

Low Latency: With latencies as low as 1–10 milliseconds, these devices meet the demands of real-time communication, synchronized playback, and lip-sync accuracy in AV systems. Advanced buffering and jitter control mechanisms further enhance performance.

Control Interfaces: Web-based GUIs, SNMP monitoring, REST APIs, and RS-232/485 serial control allow for remote configuration, diagnostics, and automation. This enables centralized management in large-scale deployments and integration with building management or broadcast control systems.

Multi-Channel Support: Devices often provide 2, 4, 8, or more input channels, enabling scalable audio capture and distribution. Channel grouping, labeling, and individual gain control enhance usability in complex setups.

Signal Integrity Preservation: High signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), 24-bit/48kHz or higher sampling rates, and shielded circuitry help maintain pristine audio quality from input to output, even over long network distances.

Real-Time Processing: Onboard DSP ensures that encoding, compression, and packetization occur instantly, with minimal delay. Some units also offer echo cancellation, noise suppression, and automatic gain control for enhanced voice clarity.

Feature	Benefit	Common Applications
IP Networking (RTP/SIP)	Enables seamless integration into existing network infrastructures	Broadcasting, VoIP systems, enterprise communications
Low Latency Encoding	Ensures real-time audio synchronization	Live events, emergency alert systems, conferencing
Multi-Channel Support	Reduces hardware count and simplifies cabling	Stadiums, airports, multi-zone audio installations
Web-Based Control Interface	Allows remote monitoring and configuration	Centralized AV management, smart buildings
Wide Format Compatibility	Supports diverse quality and bandwidth requirements	Streaming, recording, mobile broadcasting

Important: When selecting an analog to IP converter, ensure compatibility with your existing network architecture, audio standards, and security policies. Devices should support Quality of Service (QoS), VLAN tagging, and secure protocols (e.g., HTTPS, TLS) to prevent interference and unauthorized access. Always verify firmware update availability and manufacturer support to ensure long-term reliability and compliance with evolving industry standards.

A high-performance analog to IP converter combines robust functionality with intelligent features—digital output, low latency, IP connectivity, broad format support, and intuitive control interfaces—to deliver a reliable, scalable, and future-proof solution for modern audio networking. Whether used in small business environments or large-scale broadcast operations, these devices are essential for transforming legacy audio systems into agile, IP-driven platforms.

Usage Scenarios of Audio Analog to IP Converters

Audio analog to IP converters—also known as Audio over IP (AoIP) or Internet Protocol Audio Systems—are essential tools in modern audio infrastructure. These devices bridge legacy analog audio systems with digital IP networks, enabling scalable, flexible, and high-fidelity audio transmission across diverse environments. By converting analog signals into digital data packets, they allow seamless integration into Ethernet-based networks, supporting real-time streaming, remote monitoring, and centralized control.

Broadcasting (Radio & Satellite)

Analog to IP converters are foundational in broadcast operations, enabling radio and satellite stations to digitize and distribute audio content efficiently. They allow broadcasters to send high-quality audio feeds over long distances with minimal latency and signal degradation.

• Transmit live studio audio to remote transmitters or satellite uplink centers
• Enable multi-station syndication using a single source signal
• Support redundancy and failover systems for uninterrupted broadcasting
• Integrate with existing broadcast automation and playout systems

Key benefit: Eliminates the need for costly leased lines by using secure internet or private IP networks.

Production (Music, Video & Live Events)

In professional audiovisual production, AoIP converters facilitate synchronized, low-latency audio distribution across studios, control rooms, and remote locations. This is critical for live broadcasts, film scoring, and concert mixing.

• Distribute multichannel audio between stage boxes, mixing consoles, and recording suites
• Enable remote collaboration between sound engineers and producers
• Support timecode-accurate audio routing for video synchronization
• Scale easily for large events with multiple input/output points

Pro insight: Used in OB (Outside Broadcast) vans and mobile production units for reliable field-to-studio connectivity.

Security & Emergency Systems

Analog to IP converters play a vital role in integrated security ecosystems by enabling real-time audio transmission from surveillance zones, alarm panels, and emergency intercoms over existing network infrastructure.

• Transmit voice from panic buttons or emergency phones to central monitoring stations
• Integrate with CCTV systems for audio-visual verification of incidents
• Enable remote two-way communication in secure facilities (e.g., prisons, banks)
• Support encrypted audio streams for sensitive environments

Critical advantage: Enhances situational awareness during emergencies by providing immediate audio context.

Paging & Intercom Systems

Modern paging and intercom systems leverage AoIP technology to deliver clear, reliable voice communication across large facilities via standard network cabling.

• Deploy IP-based public address systems in schools, airports, hospitals, and retail centers
• Enable zone-specific announcements and background music scheduling
• Integrate with building management and access control systems
• Support mobile or remote paging via network-connected devices

Operational efficiency: Reduces wiring complexity and allows centralized control of all audio zones.

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB & Internet Radio)

For DAB and online radio stations, analog to IP converters serve as the gateway between analog audio sources and digital transmission platforms, ensuring consistent audio quality and broad reach.

• Digitize legacy studio equipment (mixers, turntables, microphones) for IP streaming
• Stream audio to CDN (Content Delivery Networks) for global distribution
• Connect to cloud-based broadcasting platforms and encoders
• Support metadata embedding (e.g., song titles, station ID) for enhanced listener experience

Scalability: One converter can feed multiple streaming endpoints simultaneously.

System Integration & Connectivity

AoIP converters act as universal translators in mixed-technology environments, enabling seamless interoperability between analog and digital audio ecosystems.

• Bridge legacy PA systems with modern VoIP or UC platforms (e.g., Microsoft Teams, Zoom)
• Enable centralized monitoring and control via network management software
• Support SNMP, AES67, and RTP protocols for enterprise-grade compatibility
• Facilitate future upgrades without replacing entire audio infrastructures

Long-term value: Protects investment in existing analog equipment while enabling digital transformation.

Best Practice: When deploying analog to IP converters, ensure network quality of service (QoS) settings are configured to prioritize audio traffic. Use managed switches with VLAN support to isolate audio streams from general data, minimizing latency and jitter. Additionally, select converters with redundancy features (dual power supplies, network failover) for mission-critical applications.

Application	Key Requirements	Recommended Features	Typical Use Case
Broadcast Studios	Low latency, high fidelity	AES3 digital I/O, word clock sync	Live radio transmission
Corporate Offices	Zoning, ease of use	Web interface, SIP support	Emergency announcements
Transport Hubs	Reliability, scalability	Dante/AES67 compatibility, PoE	Passenger information systems
Educational Facilities	Remote management, cost efficiency	Multi-zone output, NTP sync	Classroom audio distribution

Additional Considerations

• Audio Quality: Look for converters with 24-bit/48kHz resolution and low THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) for professional-grade sound.
• Power Options: Power over Ethernet (PoE) simplifies installation in hard-to-reach locations.
• Security: Choose models with HTTPS, SSH, and VLAN support to protect against unauthorized access.
• Protocols: Compatibility with standards like SIP, RTP, and Dante ensures broad system integration.
• Redundancy: Dual network ports and backup audio inputs enhance reliability in critical operations.

How to Choose an Audio Analog to IP Converter: A Comprehensive Buyer's Guide

Selecting the right analog to IP audio converter is a critical decision for modern audio installations, whether in broadcast studios, live venues, corporate environments, or public address systems. These converters bridge traditional analog audio equipment with modern IP-based networks, enabling scalable, flexible, and remotely manageable audio distribution. However, choosing the best model requires careful evaluation of several technical and operational factors to ensure compatibility, performance, and future-proofing.

Important Note: Mismatched converters can lead to signal degradation, latency issues, or network congestion. Always verify compatibility with your existing infrastructure and future expansion plans before purchasing.

Key Factors to Consider When Selecting an Analog to IP Audio Converter

1. Channel Requirements and Audio Sources

   Determine the number of analog audio channels you need to convert and identify the types of source devices (e.g., microphones, mixers, CD players, instruments). This directly impacts whether you need a single-channel, dual-channel, or multi-channel converter. For example:

   • Single-channel: Ideal for simple applications like a single microphone feed.
   • Multi-channel (4–8+): Suitable for complex setups such as studio monitoring or multi-zone paging.
   • Ensure the converter supports the required input count and offers flexible routing options.
2. IP Endpoints and System Integration

   Identify the destination devices or software that will receive the digital audio streams—such as digital mixers, recording software, Dante-enabled speakers, or VoIP systems. Compatibility with specific audio-over-IP protocols is essential:

   • Dante (Audinate) – Widely used in professional AV and broadcast
   • AES67 – Open standard for interoperability between different IP audio systems
   • Ravenna, AVB, or Livewire+ – Used in specialized broadcast environments
   • Choose a converter that supports the same protocol(s) as your endpoints to ensure seamless integration.
3. Network Infrastructure Compatibility

   Assess your current network setup to ensure it can handle real-time audio traffic. Key considerations include:

   • Bandwidth: High-channel-count or high-resolution audio requires more bandwidth.
   • Switching: Use managed Gigabit switches with Quality of Service (QoS) settings.
   • VLANs: Isolate audio traffic from general network traffic to prevent interference.
   • Latency tolerance: Ensure your network supports low-latency transmission if required.
   • Converters with built-in network diagnostics can simplify troubleshooting and monitoring.
4. Audio Quality and Performance Specifications

   Define the required audio fidelity based on your application. Critical parameters include:

   • Sample Rate: Common options are 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, or up to 96 kHz for high-resolution audio.
   • Bit Depth: 16-bit (CD quality), 24-bit (professional standard), or 32-bit float (broadcast/mastering).
   • Dynamic Range & THD: Look for converters with high signal-to-noise ratio and low distortion.
   • For critical listening or broadcast, prioritize 24-bit/48 kHz or higher with low jitter performance.
5. Analog Signal Types and Connectors

   Identify the type of analog signals you're working with to ensure proper input compatibility:

   • Balanced (XLR, TRS): Preferred for long cable runs and noise rejection in professional settings.
   • Unbalanced (RCA, TS): Common in consumer gear; more susceptible to interference.
   • Line Level: -10 dBV (consumer) or +4 dBu (professional).
   • Mic Level: Requires preamps; ensure the converter has phantom power (48V) if using condenser mics.
   • Select a converter with the correct input types and proper gain staging options.
6. Application: Broadcasting vs. Monitoring

   The intended use case significantly influences the choice of converter:

   • Broadcasting: Prioritize reliability, redundancy, and synchronization (e.g., word clock, PTPv2).
   • Live Monitoring: Low-latency transmission (under 5 ms) is crucial for real-time cueing.
   • Public Address: Focus on durability, remote management, and integration with paging systems.
   • Studio Recording: Emphasize audio fidelity, clock stability, and minimal jitter.
   • Some converters offer mode switching or configurable latency profiles for different use cases.
7. Additional Features and Expandability

   Beyond core functionality, consider advanced features that enhance usability and system resilience:

   • Remote Management: Web GUI, SNMP, or API access for configuration and monitoring.
   • Redundant Power Supplies: Critical for mission-critical applications to prevent downtime.
   • GPIO (General Purpose I/O): For triggering events like muting, recording start/stop, or alarms.
   • External Clock Input: For synchronization with other audio or video systems.
   • Power over Ethernet (PoE): Simplifies installation by delivering power and data over a single cable.
   • Firmware Upgradability: Ensures long-term support and feature enhancements.

Selection Criteria	Key Questions to Ask	Recommended for	Potential Red Flags
Channel Count	How many analog inputs do I need now and in the next 3–5 years?	Multi-room audio, broadcast trucks	Fixed channel count with no expansion options
Network Protocol	Does it support Dante, AES67, or my existing IP audio standard?	Professional AV integrations	Limited or proprietary protocols
Audio Quality	Does it support 24-bit/48kHz with low jitter?	Recording, mastering, live sound	Only 16-bit or high-latency performance
Signal Type	Does it accept balanced XLR and provide 48V phantom power?	Studio, stage, field recording	Unbalanced-only inputs
Reliability Features	Does it offer PoE, redundant power, or network failover?	Broadcast, emergency systems	No backup options or single point of failure

Expert Tip: Whenever possible, test the converter in your actual environment before full deployment. Perform a real-world evaluation of audio quality, latency, and network stability under load to catch compatibility issues early.

Final Recommendations

• Always consult with your network administrator when integrating IP audio to avoid bandwidth or security issues.
• Choose converters from reputable manufacturers with strong driver and firmware support.
• Document your audio network topology, including IP addresses, VLANs, and device roles.
• Consider future scalability—modular or stackable units offer easier expansion.
• Train your team on network audio management tools for efficient troubleshooting.

Selecting the right analog to IP audio converter is not just about technical specs—it's about ensuring seamless integration, long-term reliability, and optimal audio performance across your entire system. By carefully evaluating your channel needs, network environment, audio quality requirements, and application-specific features, you can make an informed decision that supports both current operations and future growth.

Frequently Asked Questions About Analog-to-IP Audio Converters

Q1: What is the primary purpose of an analog-to-IP converter?

An analog-to-IP audio converter serves as a bridge between legacy analog audio systems and modern digital network infrastructures. Its primary function is to digitize analog audio signals—such as those from microphones, public address systems, or intercoms—and encode them into digital data packets that can be transmitted over IP (Internet Protocol) networks.

This conversion enables seamless integration with VoIP (Voice over IP) systems, networked audio platforms, and centralized monitoring or recording solutions. It’s especially valuable in environments like schools, hospitals, transportation hubs, and industrial facilities where upgrading to all-digital systems is cost-prohibitive, but improved audio distribution and control are needed.

Additionally, these converters support protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol), and AES67, ensuring compatibility with enterprise communication systems and allowing for features such as remote paging, multicast audio streaming, and emergency alert integration.

Q2: Can I use the converter with existing analog audio equipment?

Yes, absolutely. One of the key advantages of an analog-to-IP converter is its backward compatibility with existing analog audio hardware. Whether you're using dynamic microphones, ceiling speakers, amplifiers, or legacy intercom systems, the converter can seamlessly integrate these components into a modern IP-based audio network.

Typical connection methods include:

• XLR or 1/4" Inputs: For connecting professional-grade microphones and line-level sources.
• RCA or 3.5mm Jacks: Common in consumer or semi-professional equipment.
• Speaker-Level Inputs/Outputs: Allow direct connection to powered speakers or amplifiers.
• Phantom Power Support: Enables use of condenser microphones without external power supplies.

Once connected, the converter digitizes the signal and streams it over Ethernet, allowing users to retain their investment in reliable analog gear while gaining the benefits of digital networking, such as remote access, zone-based control, and system scalability.

Q3: What benefits does an IP audio system have over an analog audio system?

Migrating from an analog to an IP-based audio system offers numerous technical and operational advantages:

Feature	Analog Audio System	IP Audio System
Audio Quality	Prone to signal degradation over long cable runs; limited bandwidth.	High-fidelity, lossless transmission with support for 16-bit to 24-bit audio and sampling rates up to 48kHz or higher.
Scalability	Limited by physical cabling; adding zones requires new wiring.	Easily scalable—new devices can be added to the network without extensive rewiring.
Control & Management	Manual adjustments at physical endpoints; limited remote control.	Centralized software control via web interface or mobile app; real-time monitoring and configuration.
Flexibility	Zones are fixed by hardware; reconfiguration is labor-intensive.	Dynamic zoning—audio can be routed to any device on the network instantly.
Integration	Standalone systems with minimal integration capability.	Integrates with building management systems (BMS), security systems, fire alarms, and emergency notification platforms.

Moreover, IP audio systems support advanced features like time-synchronized playback across zones, multicast streaming for efficient bandwidth use, and secure access controls—making them ideal for mission-critical applications such as emergency mass notification and unified communications.

Q4: Can the converter be used with a wireless network?

Yes, analog-to-IP converters can operate over wireless networks, provided the Wi-Fi infrastructure meets certain performance standards. Most converters come equipped with standard Ethernet (RJ45) ports, but they can be connected to a wireless network using a Wi-Fi bridge, wireless access point, or a PoE (Power over Ethernet) injector with a wireless client adapter.

However, there are important considerations when using wireless connectivity:

• Network Stability: Audio streaming requires consistent low latency and minimal packet loss. Unstable or congested Wi-Fi networks can result in audio dropouts or delays.
• Bandwidth: Ensure sufficient bandwidth is available, especially when multiple converters are streaming simultaneously.
• Security: Use WPA3 encryption and VLAN segmentation to protect audio data from eavesdropping or interference.
• Latency: For real-time applications like emergency announcements, wired Ethernet is preferred due to its predictable performance.

While wireless deployment offers greater flexibility in installations where running cables is impractical, it’s generally recommended for non-critical applications unless the wireless network is professionally designed and optimized for real-time media transport.