Inside Bill Acceptor Hack: Composition, Mechanical Properties, and Practical Applications

Types of Bill Acceptor Hacks

A bill acceptor hack refers to an altered code or physical modification of a bill acceptor device used in automated payment systems. These devices are engineered to authenticate paper currency by analyzing its size, magnetic signature, optical properties, and watermark patterns. They are commonly found in vending machines, arcade cabinets, self-service kiosks, and public transit fare systems.

While bill acceptors incorporate multiple layers of security, various methods have been developed to bypass or manipulate their validation processes. These techniques fall into two broad categories: hardware-based and software-based attacks. Understanding these methods is essential for both security professionals and manufacturers aiming to improve system integrity. Below is a detailed breakdown of the most commonly reported types of bill acceptor exploits.

Magnet Hack – Exploiting Magnetic Sensors

This method involves placing a strong magnet near or on the bill path to interfere with the internal magnetic sensors that detect security strips in genuine currency. By simulating the magnetic signature of real bills, attackers can trick the system into accepting low-value or counterfeit notes—or even non-monetary objects.

Advantages (to attacker)

• Low-cost and easy to execute
• Requires minimal technical knowledge
• Effective on older or poorly shielded models

Limitations

• Ineffective against modern acceptors with sensor shielding
• Can damage internal components
• Easily detectable by audit logs or monitoring systems

Countermeasure: Use of shielded sensors and multi-spectrum validation to reduce magnetic spoofing.

Infrared Sensor Hack – Bypassing Presence Detection

Many bill acceptors use infrared (IR) emitters and receivers to detect the physical presence and movement of a bill through the transport mechanism. This hack involves blocking or reflecting the IR beam using tape, foil, or small mirrors, creating a false signal that mimics bill insertion.

Advantages (to attacker)

• Non-invasive and quick to implement
• Does not require electronic tools
• Can be used repeatedly if undetected

Limitations

• Only bypasses presence detection, not authenticity checks
• Modern systems combine IR with other sensors, reducing effectiveness
• Physical tampering may trigger tamper alarms

Countermeasure: Implement redundant sensor arrays and real-time anomaly detection algorithms.

Mechanical Manipulation – Physical Interference

This technique involves physically altering the bill path or internal mechanism—such as inserting thin wires, paper clips, or bent currency—to jam or trick the acceptor into registering a successful transaction. Some users "coin" bills by folding them to mimic coin thickness or manipulate the roller system.

Advantages (to attacker)

• No special equipment needed
• Can exploit mechanical wear in older units
• Difficult to trace if done carefully

Limitations

• High risk of machine jam or permanent damage
• May void transaction logs or trigger error alerts
• Requires trial and error, increasing detection risk

Countermeasure: Regular maintenance, anti-jamming mechanisms, and tamper-resistant enclosures.

Software/Firmware Hack – Digital Exploitation

Modern bill acceptors run embedded firmware that manages authentication protocols, communication with the host machine, and fraud detection. A software hack involves accessing the device's programming interface (often via serial or USB) to upload modified firmware that disables validation routines or enables "free play" modes.

Advantages (to attacker)

• Potentially permanent access
• Can bypass all physical security layers
• Enables mass exploitation if firmware is compromised

Limitations

• Requires technical expertise and access to tools
• Modern systems use encrypted firmware and secure boot
• Highly illegal and traceable through system logs

Countermeasure: Secure boot, code signing, and encrypted firmware updates.

Fake Bills – Counterfeit Currency Attacks

This method uses high-quality counterfeit bills designed to replicate the optical, magnetic, and dimensional characteristics of real currency. These "test notes" or "magic cards" are often printed with conductive ink, proper UV response, and accurate size to fool multiple sensor types simultaneously.

Advantages (to attacker)

• Appears legitimate to untrained observers
• Reusable if not confiscated
• Can be mass-produced for repeated use

Limitations

• Expensive to produce at high fidelity
• Illegal and subject to criminal prosecution
• Modern acceptors use AI-based pattern recognition to detect anomalies

Countermeasure: Multi-spectral scanning, AI-driven anomaly detection, and regular firmware updates to recognize new counterfeit patterns.

Hack Type	Technical Difficulty	Detection Risk	Effectiveness	Common Targets
Magnet Hack	Low	Medium	Low-Medium	Older vending machines, arcade cabinets
Infrared Sensor Hack	Low	Medium	Low	Basic kiosks, outdated models
Mechanical Manipulation	Low-Medium	High	Medium	Jammed or poorly maintained units
Software/Firmware Hack	High	Medium	High	Networked or smart payment systems
Fake Bills	Medium-High	High	Medium-High	High-traffic machines with infrequent audits

Important Note: Tampering with bill acceptors is illegal in most jurisdictions and can result in criminal charges, fines, or imprisonment. This information is provided for educational and security awareness purposes only. Always comply with local laws and regulations regarding electronic payment systems.

Understanding Bill Acceptor Hacking: Risks and Prevention

Hacking or tampering with a bill acceptor is illegal, unethical, and carries severe consequences including criminal prosecution, financial penalties, and imprisonment. These devices are engineered with advanced security features to prevent fraud, and any unauthorized manipulation violates laws in most jurisdictions.

However, for security professionals, system designers, and operators, understanding the methods used in bill acceptor attacks is essential for strengthening defenses and protecting revenue. This guide outlines common hacking scenarios—not as instructions, but as awareness tools to help identify vulnerabilities and implement effective countermeasures.

Legal and Ethical Notice: The information provided here is intended solely for educational and defensive purposes. Engaging in any form of device tampering, software exploitation, or fraudulent activity is a criminal offense. Always comply with local laws and manufacturer guidelines when operating or maintaining bill acceptor systems.

Common Bill Acceptor Hacking Scenarios

Criminals exploit both technical and physical weaknesses in bill acceptors to bypass validation mechanisms. Below are documented attack vectors used in real-world incidents, along with risk assessments and protective insights.

Currency Manipulation High Risk

In this attack, hackers modify the internal software or hardware of the bill acceptor to alter its currency recognition logic. By reprogramming or bypassing sensors that detect magnetic ink, watermark patterns, or infrared signatures, attackers can force the machine to accept counterfeit bills or reject legitimate ones.

This method often involves accessing firmware through service ports or exploiting unsecured update mechanisms. Once compromised, the device may be configured to accept specific altered denominations—such as "slugs" or modified low-value bills—while appearing to function normally to users and operators.

Common Targets: Vending machines, self-checkout kiosks, gaming machines

Indicators of Compromise: Unusual error logs, increased acceptance of damaged bills, inconsistent validation behavior

Prevention: Secure firmware updates, encrypted sensor communication, regular calibration checks

False Validation Attacks High Risk

False validation occurs when attackers simulate genuine bill characteristics using external devices or spoofed signals. For example, applying magnetic strips or infrared-reflective tape to counterfeit bills can trick optical and magnetic sensors into accepting them as authentic.

More sophisticated versions involve injecting false data directly into the sensor array or microcontroller, effectively "fooling" the validation algorithm. These attacks exploit gaps in multi-spectral analysis and can be difficult to detect without advanced diagnostic tools.

Tools Used: Magnetic emulators, IR LEDs, conductive foils

Vulnerable Systems: Older models without AI-based validation or multi-layer scanning

Mitigation: Use of AI-powered image recognition, multi-frequency scanning, and anomaly detection algorithms

Network Exploitation Medium Risk

Modern bill acceptors are often connected to centralized monitoring systems via Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or cellular networks. Hackers can exploit weak network security—such as default passwords, unpatched firmware, or open ports—to gain remote access.

Once inside the network, attackers can reconfigure device settings, disable fraud detection modules, or redirect transaction data. In some cases, they may deploy persistent backdoors that allow ongoing control over multiple units across different locations.

Attack Vectors: Phishing, unsecured APIs, unencrypted communications

Impact: Mass manipulation, data theft, remote disabling of machines

Protection: Network segmentation, TLS encryption, regular penetration testing

Malware and Ransomware Infections High Risk

Cybercriminals distribute malicious software through infected USB drives, compromised update files, or phishing emails targeting maintenance personnel. Once installed, malware can lock the bill acceptor’s operation or alter its transaction logging system.

Ransomware variants may encrypt critical configuration files and demand payment (often in cryptocurrency) for decryption. Other malware silently siphons transaction data or enables unauthorized cash dispensing in connected systems like ATMs or gaming cabinets.

Infection Methods: USB drives, fake firmware updates, phishing

Symptoms: Sudden lockouts, unexpected reboots, missing transaction records

Defense: Disable auto-run on USB ports, enforce digital signatures for updates, use endpoint protection

Physical Tampering High Risk

Direct physical manipulation remains one of the most common and accessible attack methods. Techniques include using strong magnets to interfere with optical sensors, inserting thin tools to bypass bill path detectors, or shining lasers to blind infrared emitters.

Some attackers install "shims" or "string tricks" to return inserted bills after validation, effectively creating a loop that allows repeated use of the same bill. Others modify the internal mechanics to jam legitimate bills while accepting counterfeits.

Signs of Tampering: Scratches around slots, misaligned panels, unusual noises during operation

Deterrents: Tamper-evident seals, intrusion detection switches, surveillance integration

Best Practice: Regular physical inspections and anti-tamper enclosures

Summary of Threat Levels and Countermeasures

Attack Type	Risk Level	Primary Defense Strategy	Detection Method
Currency Manipulation	High	Firmware integrity checks, secure boot	Anomalous validation logs
False Validation	High	Multi-spectral scanning, AI validation	Sensor inconsistency alerts
Network Exploitation	Medium	Firewalls, encrypted communication	Unauthorized access logs
Malware/Ransomware	High	USB port control, signed updates	Unexpected system behavior
Physical Tampering	High	Tamper switches, surveillance	Visual inspection, motion alerts

Proactive Security Recommendation: Operators should conduct regular security audits, apply firmware updates promptly, train staff on fraud detection, and integrate bill acceptors into broader cybersecurity frameworks. Early detection and rapid response are key to minimizing losses and maintaining system integrity.

How to Choose Bill Acceptor Solutions

Selecting the right solution for bill acceptor systems is crucial for ensuring reliable cash handling, minimizing downtime, and maintaining compliance with industry standards. Whether you're upgrading, troubleshooting, or optimizing performance, understanding the key decision factors helps deliver effective, legal, and sustainable outcomes for your business operations.

Identifying the Target Model

The first and most critical step is accurately identifying the make and model of the bill acceptor. Different manufacturers—such as MEI, JCM, Glory, and Hyosung—design their units with proprietary firmware, sensor configurations, and mechanical layouts. Knowing the exact model ensures compatibility with upgrades, diagnostic tools, and replacement parts.

• Check the serial number and model label typically located on the side or rear of the unit
• Research manufacturer specifications to understand supported bill types, communication protocols (e.g., MDB, UART), and software version requirements
• Use online databases or OEM documentation to verify compatibility with accessories or firmware updates

Key consideration: Always confirm firmware version before applying any updates or modifications

Determining the Purpose of the Upgrade

Clearly defining the objective behind modifying or servicing a bill acceptor ensures you choose the appropriate technical path. Goals may include improving reliability, expanding currency support, reducing jams, or integrating with modern payment systems.

• To enable multi-currency support: Install updated firmware or regional configuration kits approved by the manufacturer
• To improve cash flow tracking: Integrate with telemetry systems using JCM’s IntegriCash or MEI’s CashFlow Connect
• To reduce maintenance: Upgrade to models with anti-tamper sensors and self-cleaning mechanisms
• For accessibility: Add voice-guided or tactile interfaces compliant with ADA standards

Pro tip: Focus on enhancing functionality within legal and manufacturer guidelines to avoid voiding warranties

Assessing Technical Expertise

Working with bill acceptors requires a solid understanding of electronic payment systems, serial communication protocols, and mechanical assembly. Attempting complex adjustments without proper training can lead to malfunctions or safety hazards.

• Basic maintenance (cleaning, sensor alignment) can be handled by trained technicians
• Firmware flashing or board-level repairs should only be performed by certified professionals
• Diagnostic tools like MDB testers and USB-to-TTL adapters require familiarity with low-level data transmission
• Many manufacturers offer official training programs and certification paths

Critical factor: When in doubt, consult the manufacturer or an authorized service provider

Understanding Legal and Warranty Implications

Modifying a bill acceptor outside of manufacturer specifications can have serious consequences, including legal liability, loss of certification, and invalidated warranties. These devices are regulated due to their role in financial transactions.

• Unauthorized modifications may violate federal laws such as the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (EFTA)
• Altering internal mechanisms can breach anti-tampering provisions and trigger fraud detection systems
• Most OEMs void warranties if non-approved firmware or hardware components are installed
• PCI PTS (Payment Card Industry PIN Transaction Security) standards apply to many cash-handling devices

Important note: Always document changes and ensure compliance with local financial regulations

Researching Available Tools and Upgrades

Once goals and capabilities are defined, research legitimate tools, firmware updates, and hardware enhancements designed for your specific model. Rely on credible sources to avoid counterfeit or malicious software.

• Visit official manufacturer websites for firmware downloads, service manuals, and bulletins
• Join professional forums such as Cashless Forum or Vending Times Community for peer advice
• Watch instructional videos from certified technicians or OEM representatives
• Purchase diagnostic tools and replacement parts only from authorized distributors

Smart practice: Maintain a log of all updates, part replacements, and service activities

Alternative: Exploring Modern Replacement Options

Rather than modifying legacy systems, consider upgrading to newer models that offer enhanced features, better security, and longer support cycles.

• Newer acceptors support AI-based counterfeit detection and cloud-based monitoring
• Many modern units offer hybrid payment options (cash + contactless cards + mobile wallets)
• Energy-efficient designs reduce power consumption in unattended kiosks
• Remote diagnostics minimize service calls and increase uptime

Future-ready tip: Invest in modular systems that allow easy upgrades as technology evolves

Professional Recommendation: Instead of attempting unauthorized modifications, focus on optimizing performance through approved maintenance, firmware updates, and component replacements. For businesses seeking expanded functionality, explore manufacturer-sanctioned upgrade kits or next-generation models that offer greater flexibility, security, and integration capabilities. This approach ensures long-term reliability, regulatory compliance, and protection of your investment.

Objective	Recommended Approach	Tools/Components Needed	Compliance Status
Improve bill recognition accuracy	Clean sensors and update firmware	Isopropyl alcohol, lint-free cloth, OEM firmware tool	Fully compliant
Add support for new currency	Install manufacturer-approved regional firmware	Configuration software, USB cable	OEM-approved
Reduce jam frequency	Replace worn belts and rollers	Genuine replacement kit, screwdrivers	Warranty-safe
Enable remote monitoring	Install telemetry module (e.g., JCM iQ)	Connectivity board, cloud subscription	PCI-compliant

Additional Considerations

• Security Features: Modern bill acceptors include UV, magnetic, infrared, and thickness sensors to detect counterfeits
• Durability: Look for models rated for high-volume environments (e.g., 10,000+ transactions/month)
• Environmental Tolerance: Some units are designed for outdoor or extreme temperature use
• Integration: Ensure compatibility with your existing controller or payment gateway (MDB, RS-232, etc.)
• Support Lifespan: Choose models with available spare parts and active firmware support

Understanding Bill Acceptor Hacks: Functions, Features, and Design Approaches

Bill acceptor hacks refer to unauthorized modifications designed to manipulate the standard operation of currency validation systems. These devices—commonly found in vending machines, arcade games, and self-service kiosks—are engineered to detect and validate genuine banknotes using optical, magnetic, and dimensional sensors. Hacks aim to bypass or deceive these security mechanisms, allowing counterfeit, altered, or non-standard bills to be accepted as legitimate tender. While technically intriguing, it's critical to emphasize that tampering with payment systems is illegal, violates anti-fraud laws, and can result in severe legal consequences.

Legal and Ethical Warning: Modifying, tampering with, or circumventing bill acceptors is illegal in most jurisdictions and constitutes fraud. This information is provided for educational and cybersecurity awareness purposes only. Unauthorized manipulation of payment systems can lead to criminal charges, fines, and imprisonment.

Core Functions of Bill Acceptor Hacks

The primary function of a bill acceptor hack is to subvert the validation process by altering how the machine interprets input currency. These manipulations typically target one or more of the following areas:

• Counterfeit Acceptance: Enabling the machine to accept fake or photocopied bills that lack proper security features.
• Denomination Exploitation: Tricking the system into registering a lower-value bill as a higher denomination (e.g., making a $1 bill register as $20).
• Worn or Damaged Bill Acceptance: Bypassing sensors that normally reject crumpled, torn, or heavily worn notes.
• Foreign Currency Acceptance: Altering recognition parameters to accept non-local currencies not supported by the machine.

Common Features and Technical Methods

Hacks are typically categorized based on the method used to interfere with the bill acceptor’s detection system. The three main approaches include software manipulation, hardware modifications, and external bypass tools.

• Software Manipulation (Firmware Exploitation)

  This method involves accessing and modifying the internal firmware or software that governs the bill acceptor’s validation logic. Attackers may exploit unsecured firmware update protocols or use direct programming interfaces to upload altered code.

  • Utilizing manufacturer backdoors or debug ports to gain access
  • Re-flashing firmware with modified validation algorithms
  • Disabling counterfeit detection routines or sensor thresholds
  • Using custom software tools to reprogram acceptance criteria via USB or serial connection
• Hardware Modifications (Physical Tampering)

  These involve direct physical alterations to the internal components of the bill acceptor. Such modifications can permanently change how the device responds to inserted currency.

  • Adding conductive tape or wires to simulate sensor triggers
  • Installing magnets to interfere with magnetic field sensors used to detect security strips in bills
  • Blocking or covering optical sensors to prevent rejection of invalid notes
  • Replacing or modifying the sensor array to reduce sensitivity
• Special Tools and Bypass Devices

  These are external or insertable devices designed to trick the acceptor without permanent modification. They are often reusable and discreet.

  • Bypass Tokens or Slugs: Metal or plastic inserts that mimic the electrical signature of a valid bill.
  • Logic Chips or Emulator Cards: Pre-programmed microchips that plug into the acceptor’s circuitry to override validation checks.
  • Signal Injectors: Devices that send false signals to the control board, simulating successful bill validation.
  • Modified Currency: Altered real bills with added conductive ink or tape to trigger sensor responses.

Design Characteristics of Bill Acceptor Hacks

The design of these hacks varies significantly depending on the target machine model, manufacturer security protocols, and the skill level of the attacker. However, several common design principles are observed:

• Stealth and Discretion: Most hacks are designed to leave minimal physical traces, allowing them to remain undetected during routine inspections.
• Reversibility: Some modifications can be easily removed to restore normal operation, helping avoid suspicion.
• Model-Specific Engineering: Hacks are often tailored to specific bill acceptor models (e.g., MEI, JCM, or CashCode units), leveraging known vulnerabilities or default settings.
• Modular Components: Advanced hacks may use plug-and-play modules that can be quickly installed or swapped between machines.
• Use of Common Materials: Many DIY-style hacks employ readily available materials like magnets, aluminum foil, or 3D-printed parts to reduce cost and complexity.

Hack Type	Access Required	Detection Difficulty	Common Tools Used	Potential Impact
Software/Firmware	Diagnostic port or update interface	Moderate to High	Laptop, flash programmer, hex editor	High – affects all transactions
Hardware Modification	Physical disassembly	Moderate – visible signs possible	Soldering iron, wires, magnets	Medium to High – persistent until repaired
External Bypass Devices	No permanent access needed	Low to Moderate – removable	Tokens, emulator chips, signal injectors	Variable – per-use or temporary

Security Tip: To protect against bill acceptor tampering, operators should regularly inspect machines for signs of physical modification, enable firmware write protection if available, and use models with tamper-evident seals and encrypted communication protocols.

Prevention and Countermeasures

As bill acceptor technology advances, so do anti-tamper measures. Modern systems incorporate multiple layers of protection:

• Firmware Encryption: Prevents unauthorized reprogramming or code injection.
• Tamper-Proof Housings: Trigger internal locks or data wipes when opened illegally.
• Real-Time Monitoring: Network-connected systems can alert operators to unusual activity or configuration changes.
• Machine Learning Validation: Some high-end acceptors use AI to detect anomalies in bill feeding patterns or sensor responses.
• Regular Maintenance Audits: Scheduled inspections help identify early signs of tampering.

Understanding how bill acceptor hacks work is essential for security professionals, vending operators, and manufacturers aiming to strengthen system integrity. While the technical ingenuity behind these exploits is notable, their application in real-world scenarios poses serious risks to financial systems and public trust. Legal and ethical use of this knowledge should focus exclusively on improving security, conducting authorized penetration testing, and educating stakeholders about fraud prevention.

Frequently Asked Questions About Bill Acceptor Hacking and Maintenance

Q1: Are there any legal or ethical concerns related to hacking bill acceptors?

Yes, there are significant legal and ethical concerns associated with hacking bill acceptors. These devices are often used in vending machines, gaming systems, arcade cabinets, and self-service kiosks, and tampering with them for unauthorized access or manipulation is considered illegal in most jurisdictions.

• Legal Consequences: Unauthorized modification or exploitation of bill acceptors can violate computer fraud laws, anti-tampering statutes, and local regulations governing electronic payment systems. Offenders may face criminal charges, fines, or civil liability.
• Violation of Terms of Service: Most manufacturers and operators explicitly prohibit modifications to their hardware or firmware. Engaging in such activities breaches contractual agreements and can result in legal action or service termination.
• Ethical Implications: Hacking bill acceptors undermines fair business practices, potentially leading to revenue loss for operators and reduced trust in automated payment systems.
• Operational Disruption: Tampering can cause malfunctions, downtime, or damage to the machine, affecting legitimate users and increasing maintenance costs.

It's important to note that while understanding security vulnerabilities can be valuable for defensive purposes (e.g., penetration testing with proper authorization), unauthorized exploitation remains both unethical and illegal.

Q2: Can bill acceptor hacks be used to perform routine maintenance?

Yes, certain tools and techniques commonly referred to as "hacks" can serve legitimate purposes when used appropriately for maintenance and diagnostics. However, it's crucial to distinguish between authorized technical access and malicious tampering.

• Cleaning and Calibration: Some service-level tools allow technicians to manually trigger cleaning cycles, reset sensors, or recalibrate the bill path to improve accuracy and reduce jams.
• Firmware Updates: Authorized access to the acceptor’s software enables updates that enhance security, compatibility, and performance—especially important in environments where new currency designs are introduced.
• Diagnostic Functions: Built-in diagnostic modes (often accessed via service codes or specialized software) help identify hardware faults, sensor misalignments, or software errors without disassembling the unit.
• Legitimate Use Cases: Vending companies, arcade operators, and service technicians may use these tools under controlled conditions to ensure reliable operation and minimize downtime.

When performed by trained personnel using approved methods, these procedures are not considered hacking but rather part of standard equipment upkeep. Always consult the manufacturer’s guidelines and ensure proper authorization before accessing internal functions.

Q3: What are the signs of a hacked bill acceptor?

Identifying a compromised bill acceptor is essential for maintaining system integrity and preventing financial loss. Several behavioral and physical indicators may suggest unauthorized modification:

• Unusual Billing Patterns: Accepting bills outside normal denominations, processing invalid sequences, or registering multiple transactions from a single insertion.
• Counterfeit Bill Acceptance: A sudden increase in counterfeit currency being accepted—especially if the machine fails to detect known security features—can indicate tampered sensors or firmware.
• Abnormal Error Rates: Frequent false rejections, unexpected resets, or error codes not typical for the model may point to software interference or hardware bypass attempts.
• Physical Modifications: Signs of forced entry, altered casing, exposed wiring, or non-standard components attached to the acceptor.
• Unauthorized Software: Detection of unapproved firmware versions, modified configuration files, or third-party control interfaces accessing the device.
• Service Mode Exploitation: Machines stuck in diagnostic mode or responding to undocumented button combinations may have been accessed by unauthorized individuals.

Regular audits, firmware checksum verification, and physical inspections can help detect and prevent hacking attempts before they lead to significant losses.

Q4: Can bill acceptor hacks void warranties?

Yes, absolutely. Using unauthorized hacks, modifications, or third-party software on a bill acceptor will almost certainly void its warranty. Manufacturers design these devices with strict usage policies to ensure reliability, security, and compliance with industry standards.

• Warranty Terms: Most warranties explicitly state that any unauthorized access, physical tampering, or software alteration invalidates coverage. This includes installing custom firmware, bypassing security locks, or connecting unapproved external devices.
• Damage Liability: If a hack leads to hardware failure—such as motor burnout from forced cycling or sensor damage from improper calibration—the manufacturer is not obligated to repair or replace the unit.
• Remote Diagnostics: Modern bill acceptors often include logging features that record unauthorized access attempts. These logs can be checked during service visits, making it easy for technicians to identify tampering.
• Loss of Support: Beyond warranty issues, companies may refuse technical support or refuse to sell replacement parts to users who have modified their equipment.

To maintain warranty protection and ensure long-term reliability, always use manufacturer-approved tools and procedures for maintenance and updates. If in doubt, contact an authorized service provider for assistance.