Diamond Mesh Filter: Technical Specifications, Composition, and Practical Industry Uses

Types of Diamond Mesh Filters

A diamond mesh filter is a precision-engineered filtration solution used across various industrial and commercial applications. The distinctive diamond-shaped pattern enhances structural integrity, improves flow distribution, and increases debris-trapping efficiency. These filters are available in multiple materials, each offering unique advantages based on environmental conditions, chemical exposure, and performance requirements.

Stainless Steel Diamond Mesh Filter

Renowned for its exceptional strength and long service life, stainless steel is a top choice for demanding filtration environments.

Advantages

• High tensile strength and durability
• Resistant to corrosion and chemical degradation
• Easy to clean and fully reusable
• Excellent performance in high-pressure systems
• Diamond weave ensures uniform particle retention

Limitations

• Higher initial cost compared to other metals
• Heavier weight may limit portability
• Can be challenging to modify post-manufacture

Best for: Chemical processing, oil & gas filtration, food and beverage industries, marine applications

Brass Diamond Mesh Filter

Brass offers a balanced combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, particularly in chemically aggressive environments.

Advantages

• Excellent resistance to corrosion from oils and mild acids
• Diamond pattern enhances structural rigidity and filtration efficiency
• Superior heat dissipation properties
• Effective in preventing clogging due to open mesh design
• Long operational life reduces replacement frequency

Limitations

• Vulnerable to dezincification in highly acidic conditions
• Less durable than stainless steel under extreme pressure
• May require protective coatings in aggressive environments

Best for: Hydraulic systems, fuel filtration, cooling units, industrial pumps handling oily or acidic fluids

Copper Diamond Mesh Filter

Copper stands out for its superior electrical conductivity and natural antimicrobial properties, making it ideal for specialized industrial uses.

Advantages

• Exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity
• Natural resistance to microbial growth (biofouling)
• Highly corrosion-resistant in many environments
• Easy to fabricate and customize into complex shapes
• Effective in electromagnetic shielding applications

Limitations

• Softer metal—more prone to mechanical damage
• Higher cost and susceptibility to theft in some regions
• Oxidizes over time, forming a green patina (may affect appearance)

Best for: Electronics cooling systems, water treatment, HVAC, marine environments, and applications requiring EMI/RFI shielding

Aluminium Diamond Mesh Filter

Aluminium provides a lightweight yet durable option ideal for portable or weight-sensitive filtration systems.

Advantages

• Extremely lightweight and easy to handle
• Naturally corrosion-resistant (especially when anodized)
• Highly malleable—can be formed into custom configurations
• Cost-effective with good long-term value
• Non-magnetic and electrically conductive

Limitations

• Lower strength compared to steel or brass
• Not suitable for high-pressure or high-temperature applications
• Can degrade in highly alkaline or saline environments

Best for: Aerospace, automotive air intakes, ventilation systems, portable filtration units, and architectural applications

Material	Durability	Corrosion Resistance	Weight	Best Applications
Stainless Steel	Excellent	Excellent	Heavy	Chemical processing, oil & gas, marine
Brass	Very Good	Very Good (in oils/acids)	Moderate	Hydraulic systems, fuel filters, cooling units
Copper	Good	Excellent	Moderate	Electronics, water treatment, HVAC, EMI shielding
Aluminium	Good	Good (with coating)	Lightweight	Aerospace, automotive, ventilation, portable units

Expert Tip: For optimal performance, always match the filter material to the specific chemical and thermal conditions of your application. Consider using protective coatings or laminates for extended service life in aggressive environments.

Function, Features & Benefits of Diamond Mesh Filters

Diamond mesh filters are advanced filtration solutions widely used across industrial, commercial, and residential applications. Their unique design and robust construction make them ideal for separating contaminants from liquids and gases while maintaining high flow efficiency. Whether in water treatment systems, oil processing, or air purification units, diamond mesh filters deliver reliable performance under demanding conditions.

Function: How Diamond Mesh Filters Work

At its core, a diamond mesh filter functions by trapping unwanted particles—such as sediment, debris, or particulate matter—from fluids or gases passing through it. The filter acts as a physical barrier, allowing clean media to flow while capturing impurities based on the size of the openings.

What sets diamond mesh apart is its geometric structure: the diamond-shaped apertures create an optimal balance between open area and structural integrity. This design enables higher flow rates with minimal pressure drop, ensuring efficient filtration without sacrificing system performance. As a result, these filters are especially effective in applications requiring continuous operation and consistent purity levels.

Enhanced Flow Dynamics

Unlike traditional square or round mesh patterns, the elongated diamond shape allows for greater open surface area per unit. This improves fluid or gas throughput, reducing energy consumption and preventing premature clogging.

Precision Particle Retention

The uniformity of diamond-shaped openings ensures consistent filtration accuracy. Particles larger than the mesh aperture are effectively captured, while smaller particles pass through, enabling precise control over output quality.

Key Features of Diamond Mesh Filters

The performance and reliability of diamond mesh filters stem from several engineered features that enhance functionality and longevity. These characteristics make them suitable for a wide range of environments and operational demands.

Diamond-Shaped Apertures: The signature feature offering increased open area and structural strength. This geometry provides superior resistance to deformation under pressure compared to standard mesh designs.

Versatile Material Options: Available in stainless steel, copper, brass, and high-grade plastics. Material selection depends on compatibility with the filtered medium—e.g., stainless steel for corrosive environments, plastic for lightweight applications.

Customizable Mesh Sizes: Offered in various mesh counts (openings per inch), enabling tailored filtration for fine particulates (e.g., 100-micron) or coarse debris (e.g., 2 mm). This flexibility supports diverse industry needs.

Corrosion-Resistant Coatings: Many models include protective plating or polymer coatings to resist oxidation, chemical exposure, and microbial growth—especially important in water treatment and marine applications.

Low-Maintenance Design: Most diamond mesh filters are reusable and easy to clean via backwashing, ultrasonic cleaning, or manual scrubbing. Some are designed for quick replacement, minimizing downtime in critical systems.

Feature	Description	Application Impact
Diamond Aperture Geometry	Angled, rhombus-shaped openings increase flow area and mechanical strength	Improved filtration efficiency and reduced clogging risk
Material Variety	Stainless steel, brass, copper, and engineered plastics available	Compatibility with aggressive chemicals, high temperatures, or food-grade requirements
Mesh Density Range	From coarse (1–2 mm) to ultra-fine (50–100 microns)	Suitable for pre-filtration, final polishing, or particulate monitoring
Surface Treatments	Epoxy, zinc, or PTFE coatings for added durability	Extended service life in humid, saline, or acidic environments

Benefits: Why Choose Diamond Mesh Filters?

Diamond mesh filters offer significant advantages over conventional filtration media, making them a preferred choice in sectors where performance, durability, and cost-efficiency are paramount.

Superior Filtration Efficiency

The expanded surface area of diamond-shaped openings maximizes particle capture while maintaining high flow rates. This results in cleaner output with fewer contaminants passing through, enhancing product quality and system hygiene.

Exceptional Durability

Constructed from high-tensile materials and reinforced geometries, diamond mesh filters withstand high pressures, thermal cycling, and mechanical stress. This resilience translates into longer service intervals and reduced replacement costs.

Wide Application Versatility

Used in water purification plants, HVAC systems, oil refining, chemical processing, food and beverage production, and even aerospace fluid management. Their adaptability makes them a universal solution across industries.

Cost-Effective Operation

Due to their reusability, ease of cleaning, and long lifespan, diamond mesh filters reduce operational expenses over time. They also lower energy usage by minimizing flow resistance, contributing to sustainable operations.

Important: To maximize performance and lifespan, always select a diamond mesh filter that matches your system’s pressure, temperature, and chemical exposure requirements. Regular inspection and cleaning are essential to prevent buildup and maintain optimal flow. Using incompatible materials or neglecting maintenance can lead to premature failure and contamination risks.

Applications of Diamond Mesh Filters Across Industries

Diamond mesh filters are advanced filtration solutions known for their durability, precision, and resistance to extreme conditions. Leveraging the structural strength and thermal stability of diamond-based materials, these filters offer superior performance in a wide range of industrial, commercial, and residential applications. Their customizable mesh size allows for targeted particle removal, ensuring high-efficiency filtration across diverse environments.

Water Purification

In water treatment systems, diamond mesh filters play a critical role in removing suspended solids, sediment, and microscopic contaminants. The precise engineering of the mesh allows for adjustable pore sizes, enabling filtration of particles ranging from coarse debris to fine particulates as small as a few microns.

• Effective in both municipal water treatment plants and portable purification units
• Resists biofouling and chemical degradation, maintaining performance over time
• Ideal for pre-filtration stages to protect downstream membrane systems like reverse osmosis
• Produces cleaner, safer drinking water by reducing turbidity and improving clarity

Key benefit: Long service life with minimal maintenance due to abrasion-resistant diamond coating

Oil and Gas Industry

Within the oil and gas sector, diamond mesh filters are deployed to purify crude oil, refined petroleum products, and natural gas streams. These filters remove sand, metal shavings, scale, and other particulate matter that can damage pipelines, valves, and processing equipment.

• Withstands high-pressure and high-temperature environments common in extraction and refining
• Prevents clogging in fuel injectors and turbine systems by ensuring clean fluid flow
• Used in offshore platforms where corrosion resistance is essential
• Improves efficiency and extends the lifespan of expensive drilling and refining machinery

Pro tip: Ideal for use in downhole filtration systems due to thermal stability up to 800°C

Manufacturing Processes

Industrial manufacturing relies on clean coolants, lubricants, and hydraulic fluids to maintain precision machinery. Diamond mesh filters are integrated into fluid recirculation systems to remove metal fines, grinding swarf, and contaminants generated during machining operations.

• Heat-resistant properties prevent deformation during hot machining processes
• Enables fluid reuse, reducing operational costs and environmental impact
• Commonly used in CNC machining, metal stamping, and grinding operations
• Maintains consistent fluid viscosity and performance over extended cycles

Critical advantage: Reduces downtime by preventing particulate-induced wear on sensitive equipment

Agricultural Irrigation Systems

Diamond wire mesh filters are increasingly used in agricultural pumping stations and drip irrigation networks. They protect sensitive nozzles and emitters by removing sand, silt, plant debris, and other solids from surface or well water sources.

• Prevents clogging in micro-irrigation systems, ensuring uniform water distribution
• Durable enough to handle high-sediment water from rivers or reservoirs
• Reduces maintenance frequency in remote field installations
• Supports sustainable farming by improving water use efficiency

Field insight: Especially valuable in arid regions where water quality is poor and conservation is critical

Waste Management & Environmental Protection

In wastewater treatment and industrial effluent management, diamond mesh filters serve as robust pre-treatment barriers. They separate solid waste from liquid streams before biological or chemical processing, reducing load on secondary treatment systems.

• Handles high-volume flows in municipal sewage and industrial discharge facilities
• Effective in filtering slurry, sludge particles, and fibrous materials
• Resists degradation from acidic or alkaline waste streams
• Ensures compliance with environmental regulations before discharge into ecosystems

Environmental impact: Helps prevent microplastic and particulate pollution in rivers and oceans

Residential and Commercial Applications

Beyond industrial uses, diamond mesh technology is finding its way into homes and buildings. These filters enhance water quality in point-of-use systems and improve indoor air quality when integrated into HVAC units.

• Used in under-sink and whole-house water filtration for improved taste and safety
• Integrated into smart HVAC systems to capture dust, pollen, and airborne particulates
• Long-lasting alternative to disposable filters, reducing replacement frequency
• Contributes to healthier indoor environments, especially beneficial for allergy sufferers

Smart home integration: Compatible with IoT-enabled monitoring systems that alert when filter maintenance is needed

Expert Insight: When selecting diamond mesh filters, consider not only the required micron rating but also the chemical compatibility, flow rate, and operating temperature of the application. For mixed-contaminant environments, multi-stage filtration systems combining diamond mesh with activated carbon or UV treatment offer comprehensive protection. Always verify certifications (e.g., NSF, ISO) to ensure regulatory compliance and performance reliability.

Application Sector	Typical Mesh Size (Microns)	Key Performance Benefits	Expected Lifespan
Water Purification	5–50	High flow rate, low fouling, chemical resistance	3–5 years
Oil & Gas	10–100	Thermal stability, pressure resistance, durability	4–7 years
Manufacturing	5–20	Wear resistance, consistent filtration, reusability	2–4 years
Agriculture	20–100	Sediment handling, corrosion resistance, low maintenance	5+ years
Waste Management	50–200	Solids retention, high throughput, easy cleaning	3–6 years
Residential HVAC/Water	1–25	Quiet operation, allergen reduction, energy efficiency	2–3 years

Additional Considerations for Optimal Performance

• Self-Cleaning Capabilities: Some diamond mesh filters feature backflush mechanisms that extend service intervals
• Nano-Coating Technology: Advanced versions include hydrophobic or antimicrobial coatings for enhanced performance
• Sustainability: Reusable design reduces waste compared to disposable filter media
• Customization: Available in various shapes, sizes, and mounting configurations for retrofit or OEM integration
• Monitoring Integration: Can be paired with pressure differential sensors to indicate when cleaning or replacement is needed

How to Choose the Right Diamond Mesh Filter: A Comprehensive Buyer’s Guide

Selecting the appropriate diamond mesh filter is crucial for achieving optimal filtration performance across various industrial applications. These precision-engineered filters are widely used in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, chemical manufacturing, and oil & gas due to their superior strength, uniform pore structure, and high flow efficiency. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of the key factors to consider when choosing a diamond mesh filter to ensure compatibility, longevity, and regulatory compliance.

Important Note: The term "diamond mesh" typically refers to a tightly woven wire mesh with a geometric pattern resembling diamond-shaped openings. It is not made of diamond material but rather constructed from durable metals like stainless steel, brass, or copper, selected based on application-specific requirements.

1. Material Selection: Matching Performance to Environment

The choice of material significantly impacts the filter’s durability, chemical resistance, and suitability for specific operating conditions. Common materials include:

• Stainless Steel: Renowned for its excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and ability to withstand high temperatures and pressures. Ideal for harsh environments such as chemical processing, petrochemical plants, and marine applications. Grades like 304 and 316 offer enhanced resistance to chlorides and acidic compounds.
• Brass: Offers good machinability, moderate corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal. Often used in water filtration, plumbing systems, and decorative applications where moderate durability is sufficient.
• Copper: Possesses exceptional thermal and electrical conductivity, making it suitable for specialized applications in electronics, HVAC systems, and antimicrobial filtration. However, it is less resistant to oxidation and acidic environments compared to stainless steel.

When selecting a material, evaluate the chemical composition of the fluid being filtered, operating temperature, pressure levels, and potential exposure to corrosive agents.

Expert Tip: For aggressive chemical environments, consider using 316L stainless steel, which contains molybdenum for improved resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.

2. Mesh Size and Filtration Efficiency

Mesh size—measured in openings per linear inch (mesh count)—determines the smallest particle size the filter can effectively capture. Selecting the correct mesh size is essential for balancing filtration precision with flow rate:

• Fine Mesh (e.g., 100–400 mesh): Captures very small particles (down to 37 microns), ideal for high-purity applications such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, beverage filtration, and fine chemical processing.
• Medium Mesh (e.g., 40–100 mesh): Suitable for general industrial filtration, including paint, ink, and resin processing.
• Coarse Mesh (e.g., 5–40 mesh): Allows higher flow rates while removing larger debris; commonly used in pre-filtration stages, cooling systems, and wastewater treatment.

Always refer to particle size distribution data of the contaminant to match the appropriate mesh specification. Overly fine meshes can lead to rapid clogging and increased pressure drop, reducing system efficiency.

Mesh Count	Approx. Opening Size (μm)	Typical Applications	Flow Rate vs. Precision
5–20	8500–850	Pre-filtration, coarse separation	High flow, low precision
40–100	425–150	General industrial use, paints, adhesives	Balanced performance
150–325	100–45	Pharmaceuticals, food & beverage	High precision, moderate flow
400+	<37	Ultra-fine filtration, lab processes	Maximum precision, low flow

3. Compliance with Industry Standards and Regulations

Different industries impose strict regulatory standards to ensure product safety, purity, and environmental protection. Your diamond mesh filter must meet relevant certifications:

• Food & Beverage / Pharmaceuticals: Filters should comply with U.S. FDA 21 CFR regulations for materials in contact with consumables. Look for filters made from food-grade stainless steel (e.g., 316L) with smooth, non-porous surfaces that prevent bacterial growth.
• Chemical Processing: Must resist chemical degradation; verify compatibility with substances using chemical resistance charts. ASME and ISO standards may apply.
• Water Treatment: NSF/ANSI Standard 61 certification ensures safety for potable water systems.
• Oil & Gas: API and NACE standards govern material selection in corrosive and high-pressure environments.

Always request material test reports (MTRs) and compliance documentation from suppliers to verify adherence to industry-specific requirements.

4. Durability and Maintenance Requirements

Diamond mesh filters are designed for long service life, but their performance depends on proper maintenance and environmental conditions:

• Durability: Stainless steel filters offer superior longevity, especially in high-temperature or abrasive environments. They resist deformation under pressure and maintain structural integrity over time.
• Cleanability: Choose filters with smooth welds and minimal crevices to prevent fouling. Some models feature tool-free access or quick-release mechanisms for easy cleaning and inspection.
• Regeneration: Many diamond mesh filters can be cleaned using backwashing, ultrasonic cleaning, or chemical flushing, extending their usable life and reducing replacement frequency.

Regular inspection for wear, clogging, or warping is essential to maintain filtration efficiency and prevent downstream contamination.

Maintenance Tip: Implement a preventive maintenance schedule based on system runtime and contamination load. Clean filters before pressure drop exceeds 10–15 psi to avoid flow restriction and energy waste.

5. Cost Considerations and Long-Term Value

While initial purchase price is a factor, total cost of ownership (TCO) should guide your decision:

• Initial Cost: Brass and copper filters are generally less expensive than stainless steel but may require more frequent replacement.
• Operating Costs: High-efficiency filters reduce energy consumption by minimizing pressure drop across the system. Durable materials lower downtime and labor costs associated with replacements.
• Lifespan & Replacement Frequency: Stainless steel filters may have a higher upfront cost but can last 3–5 times longer than alternatives in demanding applications, offering better ROI.
• Industries with High Filtration Demand: Consider modular or multi-stage filtration systems to optimize performance and reduce long-term expenses.

Investing in a high-quality diamond mesh filter tailored to your operational needs can result in significant savings through improved efficiency, reduced waste, and fewer unplanned shutdowns.

Warning: Avoid selecting filters solely based on lowest price. Substandard materials or poor construction can lead to premature failure, contamination risks, and costly system damage.

Final Selection Checklist

• ✔️ Match material to chemical and thermal environment
• ✔️ Select mesh size based on required particle retention
• ✔️ Verify compliance with FDA, NSF, API, or other relevant standards
• ✔️ Assess ease of cleaning and maintenance access
• ✔️ Evaluate total cost of ownership, not just initial price
• ✔️ Consult with suppliers for technical support and compatibility testing

Choosing the right diamond mesh filter involves a careful balance of technical specifications, regulatory compliance, and economic factors. By considering material, mesh size, industry standards, durability, and lifecycle costs, you can ensure reliable filtration performance and protect your equipment and end-product quality. When in doubt, consult with a filtration specialist to select the optimal solution for your unique application.

Frequently Asked Questions About Diamond Mesh Filters

Q1: What Are Common Maintenance Measures for Diamond Mesh Filters?

Diamond mesh filters require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Proper care helps prevent operational inefficiencies and extends the lifespan of the filter. Key maintenance practices include:

• Regular Cleaning: Many diamond mesh filters are equipped with self-cleaning mechanisms that automatically remove debris during operation. For non-self-cleaning models, manual cleaning should be performed on a scheduled basis—typically every few weeks depending on usage intensity. Neglecting cleaning can lead to clogging, increased pressure drop across the filter, and potential system damage due to excessive backpressure.
• Frequent Inspection: Routine visual and physical inspections help detect early signs of wear, corrosion, or structural damage. Pay special attention to the mesh integrity, frame stability, and connection points. Filters made from certain materials may experience media degradation over time, especially in high-temperature or chemically aggressive environments, necessitating periodic replacement.
• Performance Monitoring: Track system performance by measuring key parameters such as inlet and outlet flow rates, pressure differentials, and filtration efficiency. A noticeable drop in flow rate or increase in pressure differential often indicates fouling or blockage, signaling the need for immediate cleaning or maintenance.

Implementing a preventive maintenance schedule based on operational conditions ensures consistent filtration performance and reduces unexpected downtime.

Q2: Are Diamond Mesh Filters Reusable?

Yes, most diamond mesh filters are designed for reuse, making them a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option compared to disposable filters. Their reusability depends largely on the construction material and operating conditions:

• Stainless Steel Filters: Highly durable and corrosion-resistant, these filters can withstand repeated cleaning cycles and harsh environments, offering long-term reusability in industrial applications.
• Copper and Brass Filters: Known for their excellent cleanability and resistance to oxidation, these metal-based filters are easy to maintain and can be reused many times with proper care. They are particularly effective in chemical and electronic manufacturing settings.
• Plastic-Based Mesh Filters: While more affordable, plastic variants are generally less durable and more prone to wear, deformation, or chemical degradation. As a result, they have a shorter service life and are often replaced rather than reused once performance declines.

To maximize reusability, always follow manufacturer-recommended cleaning methods and avoid abrasive tools or harsh chemicals that could damage the mesh structure.

Q3: How Effective Are Brass Mesh Filters in Harsh Environments?

Brass diamond mesh filters are exceptionally well-suited for demanding industrial environments due to their robust mechanical and chemical properties:

• Corrosion Resistance: Brass naturally resists oxidation and corrosion, particularly in the presence of water, mild acids, and oils, making it ideal for use in humid or chemically active settings.
• Mechanical Strength: The alloy provides good tensile strength and durability, maintaining structural integrity under continuous pressure and thermal fluctuations.
• Chemical Compatibility: Brass filters efficiently handle acidic solutions, oily contaminants, and other aggressive media commonly found in chemical processing, oil refining, and wastewater treatment systems.
• Long Service Life: Their resilience in tough conditions translates to fewer replacements and lower maintenance costs over time.

Due to these advantages, brass diamond mesh filters are widely used in industries where both filtration efficiency and equipment durability are critical.

Q4: Which Industries Benefit Most from Copper Diamond Mesh Filters?

Copper diamond mesh filters offer unique advantages that make them especially valuable in specific high-tech and industrial sectors:

Industry	Key Applications	Why Copper Is Ideal
Electronics Manufacturing	Precision filtration of cooling fluids, plating solutions, and cleanroom air systems	High electrical conductivity and antimicrobial properties help maintain sensitive environments and prevent contamination.
Chemical Processing	Filtration of reactive liquids, catalyst recovery, and solvent purification	Excellent corrosion resistance and thermal stability ensure reliable performance in corrosive and high-temperature processes.
Pharmaceuticals	Processing of sterile solutions and filtration of process gases	Non-reactive surface and ease of sterilization support compliance with hygiene and safety standards.
Renewable Energy	Coolant filtration in solar inverters and battery cooling systems	Thermal conductivity and compatibility with glycol-based fluids enhance system efficiency and reliability.

In addition to particle and impurity removal, copper’s inherent properties contribute to improved system performance and reduced microbial growth, making it a preferred choice in precision-critical applications.

Q5: How Do Diamond Mesh Filters Compare in Energy Efficiency to Other Filter Types?

Diamond mesh filters are recognized for their superior energy efficiency compared to traditional filtration media such as paper, fabric, or sintered plates. This efficiency stems from several design and material factors:

• Low Flow Resistance: The uniform diamond-shaped aperture pattern allows for smooth fluid or gas passage with minimal turbulence, reducing the pressure drop across the filter. Lower resistance means pumps and compressors require less power to maintain desired flow rates.
• Optimized Mesh Size: Available in a wide range of micron ratings, diamond mesh filters can be precisely selected to match application needs—balancing filtration fineness with energy consumption.
• Durable Materials: Metals like stainless steel, brass, and copper maintain consistent pore structure over time, unlike fibrous filters that compact or degrade, increasing resistance as they age.
• Self-Cleaning Capabilities: Many models incorporate backflush or automatic cleaning systems that prevent clogging without requiring system shutdowns or energy-intensive replacements.

Studies show that switching to diamond mesh filters can reduce energy consumption in fluid systems by up to 20–30%, depending on the application. This not only lowers operational costs but also supports sustainability goals by decreasing overall power demand. As a result, diamond mesh filters are increasingly adopted in energy-sensitive industries such as food and beverage, HVAC, and industrial automation.