Exploring Flower Export Netherlands: Material Grades, Properties, and Uses

Types of Flowers Exported from the Netherlands

The Netherlands is the world’s leading exporter of cut flowers and floral products, responsible for over 60% of global flower trade. Dutch flower auctions, such as the famous FloraHolland, serve as central hubs connecting growers with international buyers. Flower exports are influenced by seasonal demand, cultural preferences, and market trends. While bulk buyers often favor high-volume, cost-effective varieties, retail florists seek fast-moving, premium-quality blooms tailored to regional tastes. Below is a detailed overview of the most prominent flower types exported from the Netherlands.

Roses

The Netherlands is a global leader in rose cultivation and innovation, producing over 3 billion stems annually for export.

Advantages

• Available in hundreds of colors and hybrid varieties
• High demand year-round, especially during Valentine’s Day and Mother’s Day
• Long vase life (7–14 days with proper care)
• Strong stem quality ideal for transport and arrangements

Considerations

• Premium varieties can be costly
• Sensitive to temperature fluctuations during shipping
• Requires careful hydration post-arrival

Best for: Weddings, romantic occasions, luxury bouquets, and large-scale floral events

Tulips

Synonymous with Dutch horticulture, tulips are one of the Netherlands’ most iconic floral exports, with over 3 billion bulbs produced each year.

Advantages

• Symbolic and widely recognized floral icon
• Available in thousands of varieties and color combinations
• Excellent longevity in vases (up to 10 days)
• Low maintenance and easy to arrange

Considerations

• Seasonal peak in spring (February–May)
• Stems can be fragile if not harvested properly
• Limited off-season availability without greenhouse cultivation

Best for: Spring festivals, corporate gifting, garden centers, and symbolic floral arrangements

Lilies

The Netherlands dominates the global lily market, exporting high-quality Oriental, Asiatic, and Longiflorum (Easter) lilies to over 100 countries.

Advantages

• Potent, luxurious fragrance (especially Oriental lilies)
• Large, dramatic blooms ideal for centerpieces
• Excellent shelf life and transport resilience
• High perceived value in premium markets

Considerations

• Pollen can stain fabrics (requires anther removal)
• Toxic to cats—requires labeling for pet owners
• Higher price point than common cut flowers

Best for: Funerals, luxury bouquets, hotel decor, and high-end floral design

Chrysanthemums

Known locally as “Mums,” chrysanthemums are among the most versatile and widely exported flowers from the Netherlands, prized for their durability and variety.

Advantages

• Available in dozens of shapes, sizes, and colors
• Exceptional vase life (up to 2 weeks)
• Highly cost-effective for bulk orders
• Ideal for fall, winter, and holiday arrangements

Considerations

• Less fragrant than lilies or roses
• Some varieties may wilt quickly if dehydrated
• Perceived as less "romantic" in certain markets

Best for: Seasonal decorations, funeral wreaths, event centerpieces, and wholesale resale

Orchids

The Netherlands is Europe’s top producer of Phalaenopsis (Moth) orchids, exporting millions of potted and cut orchids annually.

Advantages

• Exotic appearance with long-lasting blooms (2–3 months)
• High profit margin for retailers
• Strong demand in Asian and North American markets
• Available in vibrant colors and rare patterns

Considerations

• Higher initial cost compared to other flowers
• Requires stable temperature and humidity
• Slower turnover due to longevity

Best for: Premium gifts, interior landscaping, luxury events, and boutique floristry

Flower Type	Global Demand	Vase Life	Export Volume	Peak Season
Roses	Very High	7–14 days	Over 3 billion stems/year	Year-round (peaks in Feb, May)
Tulips	High (Seasonal)	7–10 days	3 billion bulbs/year	February – May
Lilies	High	10–14 days	High (global leader)	Spring – Summer
Chrysanthemums	Very High	10–14 days	Massive (top 3 export)	Fall – Winter
Orchids	Medium (Premium)	4–12 weeks	High (potted & cut)	Year-round

Expert Tip: When importing Dutch flowers, coordinate with FloraHolland-certified suppliers to ensure quality control, proper cold-chain logistics, and compliance with phytosanitary regulations in your destination country.

The Netherlands' advanced greenhouse technology, breeding programs, and auction system allow for consistent quality, rapid delivery, and customization to meet global market demands. Whether you're sourcing for retail, events, or distribution, Dutch flower exports offer unmatched variety, reliability, and beauty.

Design of Flower Export from the Netherlands

The Netherlands is the world’s leading exporter of cut flowers and ornamental plants, accounting for over 60% of global trade. The design of its flower export system is a sophisticated, highly optimized process that ensures flowers meet international market demands while arriving at destinations in peak freshness and condition. This success stems from a seamless integration of advanced logistics, climate-controlled handling, sustainable packaging, and rapid global transportation networks.

Advanced Packaging Solutions for Optimal Freshness

Packaging plays a vital role in preserving the quality and aesthetic appeal of flowers during transit. Dutch exporters use specialized packaging systems tailored to the specific flower type, sensitivity, and destination climate.

Standard Floral Packaging

Most cut flowers, such as roses, tulips, and lilies, are packaged in moisture-retaining wraps using biodegradable tissue paper and recyclable cellophane. These materials protect delicate petals, maintain hydration, and prevent color fading. Bundles are arranged with care to preserve stem alignment and prevent bruising during handling.

Reinforced Cold-Chain Packaging

For more sensitive or high-value blooms—such as orchids or peonies—exporters use insulated cardboard boxes with rigid internal frames. These containers incorporate gel ice packs or phase-change materials to maintain a consistent temperature between 2°C and 4°C throughout the journey. This "cold chain" packaging is essential for long-haul flights and tropical destinations.

Efficient and Integrated Global Transportation Network

The Netherlands’ strategic location and world-class infrastructure make it a central hub for global flower distribution. Its proximity to major seaports like Rotterdam and international airports such as Schiphol enables rapid, multi-modal transport solutions.

Air Freight Dominance: Over 90% of Dutch flower exports are shipped via air, primarily from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol—one of the largest flower cargo hubs in the world. Fresh-cut flowers can be harvested in the morning and delivered to major international markets (e.g., New York, Moscow, Dubai) within 24–36 hours.

Overnight Logistics: A well-coordinated network of refrigerated trucks transports flowers from greenhouses to auction houses and then directly to cargo planes, ensuring minimal downtime and temperature fluctuations.

Maritime Transport for Bulky Shipments: For less perishable items like potted plants or bulbs, sea freight is used to reduce costs and carbon footprint, especially for destinations in Asia and South America.

Precision Handling and Environmental Control

Maintaining freshness during transit requires more than speed—it demands precise environmental control. The Dutch export system excels in this area through:

Temperature Management

Flowers are stored and transported in refrigerated environments from harvest to delivery. Temperature zones are customized per flower species to slow respiration and delay wilting.

Humidity & Air Quality

Optimal humidity (85–95%) prevents dehydration, while controlled airflow reduces mold and ethylene buildup, which accelerates aging. Modern containers use sensors to monitor and adjust conditions in real time.

Additionally, the Netherlands employs internationally recognized phytosanitary standards and digital tracking systems to ensure compliance with import regulations. Automated health checks and certifications are integrated into the logistics chain, minimizing delays at customs.

Commitment to Sustainability and Innovation

Sustainability is a cornerstone of the Dutch flower export model. The industry has made significant strides in reducing environmental impact through:

Reduced Plastic Use: Many exporters have transitioned to compostable wraps, paper-based tapes, and reusable crates to minimize single-use plastics.

Recyclable & Biodegradable Materials: Packaging is increasingly made from recycled content and designed for easy separation and recycling at destination points.

Carbon-Neutral Initiatives: Airlines and logistics providers partner with flower cooperatives to offset emissions, while research into electric cargo vehicles and sustainable aviation fuel is ongoing.

This dedication to eco-friendly practices not only reduces environmental impact but also enhances brand reputation and consumer trust worldwide.

Export Component	Key Features	Benefits
Packaging	Tissue paper, recyclable cellophane, insulated boxes, ice packs	Preserves freshness, prevents damage, maintains visual appeal
Transportation	Air freight (Schiphol), refrigerated trucks, sea freight for bulbs	Global reach within 24–48 hours; reliable and scalable
Environmental Control	Temperature (2–4°C), humidity (85–95%), ethylene scrubbing	Extends shelf life and reduces spoilage
Sustainability	Plastic reduction, recyclable materials, carbon offsetting	Meets global ESG standards and consumer expectations

Important: The success of the Dutch flower export system lies in its integration of technology, logistics, and sustainability. Any disruption in temperature control, packaging integrity, or transport timing can significantly impact product quality. Continuous innovation and adherence to international standards are essential to maintaining the Netherlands’ leadership in the global floral market.

Flower Export in the Netherlands: A Global Leader in Floral Trade

The Netherlands stands as the world's premier hub for flower export, shaping the global floral industry through innovation, efficiency, and sustainability. With centuries of horticultural expertise and a highly developed logistics network, Dutch flower exports represent a cornerstone of the national economy and a model of agricultural excellence.

Aalsmeer Flower Auction & Global Trading Hub

The Royal FloraHolland auction in Aalsmeer—formerly known as the Flower Exchange—is the largest flower market in the world. This state-of-the-art trading platform serves as the central nervous system of the global floral supply chain, facilitating the sale of millions of cut flowers, potted plants, and greenery every day.

• Over 60% of the world’s traded flowers pass through Dutch auctions annually
• Real-time bidding systems enable rapid, transparent transactions between growers, exporters, and international wholesalers
• Wholesalers access an unparalleled variety: premium Dutch-grown tulips, roses, lilies, seasonal blooms, and imported exotics from Africa and South America
• Digital integration allows remote buyers from Asia, North America, and the Middle East to participate in live auctions

Key Insight: The auction model ensures optimal pricing, freshness, and traceability, reinforcing the Netherlands’ dominance in global floral commerce.

Economic Impact & Employment Ecosystem

The Dutch flower export sector is a powerful economic engine, contributing significantly to GDP and supporting a vast network of interdependent industries across the supply chain.

• Generates over €6 billion in annual export revenue, with more than 20,000 hectares under greenhouse cultivation
• Supports over 100,000 direct and indirect jobs—from growers and packers to logistics specialists, auctioneers, and retail florists
• Creates a multiplier effect: each farming job sustains an additional 2–3 roles in transport, marketing, technology, and export services
• Stimulates innovation in agritech, cold-chain logistics, and packaging solutions

Did You Know? The Westland region alone, known as the "Greenhouse Capital of the World," produces more flowers than many entire countries.

Logistics & Global Distribution Network

The Netherlands' strategic location and world-class infrastructure enable flowers to reach international markets within 24–48 hours of harvest, maintaining peak freshness and quality.

• Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam handles over 125,000 tons of floral cargo annually—more than any other airport globally
• Integrated road, rail, and air networks connect greenhouses directly to export hubs across Europe and beyond
• Specialized cold-chain logistics preserve optimal temperature and humidity during transit
• Major importers include Germany, the UK, Russia, the U.S., and Japan, with growing demand in Asia and the Middle East

Speed to Market: Roses harvested in the morning can be on display in Tokyo or New York by the following evening.

Sustainability & Ethical Trade Initiatives

Sustainability is deeply embedded in the Dutch flower industry, with exporters leading the way in eco-conscious practices and social responsibility.

• Widespread adoption of renewable energy, water recycling, and integrated pest management in greenhouses
• Transition to biodegradable and recyclable packaging materials to reduce environmental impact
• The 'Blossom of Holland' certification promotes fair labor practices, energy efficiency, and biodiversity preservation
• Support for small-scale farmers through cooperative models and equitable profit-sharing across the supply chain

Sustainability Goal: The Dutch government and industry aim for 100% sustainable flower production by 2030 under the Green Deal initiative.

Industry Insight: The success of Dutch flower exports lies not just in volume, but in the integration of advanced horticulture, digital marketplaces, and sustainable logistics. This synergy allows the Netherlands to maintain its position as the global leader in floral trade, setting benchmarks for quality, speed, and ethical standards worldwide.

Aspect	Key Statistic	Global Rank	Impact
Annual Flower Exports	€6+ billion	1st worldwide	40% of global cut flower trade
Auction Volume (Aalsmeer)	12 million flowers/day	Largest in world	Connects 5,000+ growers with 2,000+ buyers
Export Speed	Under 24 hours	Fastest delivery	Freshness guaranteed to 140+ countries
Sustainable Certification	Over 80% of exports	Industry leader	Metro, Tesco, and other retailers require certified blooms

Future Trends in Dutch Flower Exports

• Smart Greenhouses: AI-driven climate control and automated harvesting are increasing yield and reducing resource use.
• Blockchain Traceability: Consumers can scan QR codes to view a flower’s journey from greenhouse to bouquet.
• Urban Farming Integration: Rooftop and vertical farms in cities reduce transport emissions and support local markets.
• Climate-Resilient Varieties: Dutch breeders are developing drought-tolerant and disease-resistant flower species.
• Circular Economy: Reuse of floral waste for compost, bioenergy, and even fashion materials is gaining traction.

Specification & Maintenance of Flower Export from the Netherlands

The Netherlands is the world's leading exporter of cut flowers and ornamental plants, accounting for over 60% of global trade. Known for its advanced horticultural technology, efficient logistics, and strict quality control, Dutch flower exports set the benchmark in the international floral market. This guide provides a detailed overview of the specifications and maintenance practices that ensure the premium quality and freshness of flowers exported from the Netherlands.

Important Note: The Dutch flower auction system, particularly FloraHolland, plays a central role in global flower distribution. Over 12 billion flowers pass through Dutch auctions annually, making compliance with Dutch export standards essential for international buyers and suppliers.

Export Specifications

To maintain its reputation for excellence, the Netherlands enforces rigorous standards across all stages of flower export. These specifications ensure consistency, quality, and regulatory compliance in the global marketplace.

• Varieties

  The Netherlands exports a diverse range of floral varieties, with tulips, roses, and orchids being among the most prominent. As the birthplace of tulip cultivation, the country remains a global leader in bulb flower production. In addition to traditional favorites, the Netherlands has pioneered the export of modern and specialty flowers such as gerbera daisies, lisianthus, anthuriums, and proteas. Potted plants—including poinsettias, orchids, and succulents—are also major export categories, reflecting evolving consumer preferences.

• Quality Standards

  Dutch flower exports adhere to internationally recognized quality benchmarks, including ISO certifications and the Horticulture Plant Protection (HPP) scheme. Flowers are graded based on precise criteria such as stem length, bud development, petal color, symmetry, and freedom from blemishes or disease. Each batch undergoes rigorous inspection to ensure compliance with phytosanitary and sustainability standards. The Dutch government and industry bodies collaborate to maintain traceability and promote integrated pest management (IPM), reducing chemical use and enhancing environmental responsibility.

• Packaging Requirements

  Proper packaging is critical to preserving flower quality during transit. Cut flowers are typically wrapped in plastic sleeves or parchment paper to protect petals and retain moisture. They are then packed in ventilated cardboard boxes designed for optimal airflow and stacking. For international shipments, flowers are placed in refrigerated containers (reefers) maintained at 1–4°C. Packaging must comply with destination country regulations, including labeling requirements for variety, origin, grower ID, and handling instructions. Custom packaging solutions are often developed for high-value or delicate blooms.

• Customs and Documentation

  Flower exports require comprehensive documentation to clear customs efficiently. Essential documents include:

  • Phytosanitary Certificate: Issued by the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), confirming the flowers are pest- and disease-free.
  • Commercial Invoice: Details product description, quantity, value, and buyer/seller information.
  • Packing List: Specifies the number of boxes, flower types, and packaging method.
  • Certificate of Origin: Verifies the flowers were grown and packaged in the Netherlands.
  • Export License (if applicable): Required for certain countries or protected species.

  Digital platforms like Atradius and TradeSafe streamline documentation and reduce processing delays.

Maintenance Best Practices

From harvest to delivery, maintaining freshness and vitality is paramount. The Netherlands employs cutting-edge logistics and cold chain management to ensure flowers arrive in pristine condition, often within 24–48 hours of being cut.

• Freshness During Transit

  The Dutch export system relies on a seamless cold chain to preserve flower freshness. Immediately after grading, flowers are placed in temperature-controlled environments. Moisture-retaining sleeves and hydration solutions (such as wet packs or water tubes) are used to prevent dehydration. Refrigerated trucks transport flowers to Schiphol Airport or seaports, where they are loaded into climate-controlled aircraft or shipping containers. Real-time monitoring systems track temperature and humidity throughout the journey, ensuring optimal conditions are maintained.

• Warehouse Conditions

  Flowers are stored in specialized cooling warehouses maintained at 2–4°C with high relative humidity (85–95%). These facilities are equipped with automated handling systems to minimize physical damage. Flowers are typically stored for less than 24 hours before auction or shipment, reducing the risk of deterioration. Lighting is carefully controlled to prevent premature blooming, and air filtration systems reduce ethylene levels, which can accelerate aging.

• Transportation

  The Netherlands leverages its strategic location and world-class infrastructure for rapid flower distribution. Over 70% of exported flowers are air-freighted, primarily through Amsterdam Schiphol Airport—one of the largest flower transport hubs globally. Climate-controlled vans move flowers from greenhouses to auction centers and airports. For regional exports, refrigerated trucks deliver directly to European markets. The entire logistics network is optimized for speed, with many shipments departing the same day they are harvested.

• Receiving and Unpacking

  Upon arrival, proper handling is crucial to maximize vase life. Recipients should follow these best practices:

  • Unpack flowers immediately to prevent moisture buildup and mold.
  • Re-cut stems at a 45-degree angle using sharp, clean shears to enhance water absorption.
  • Remove any foliage that would be submerged in water to prevent bacterial growth.
  • Place flowers in clean vases filled with lukewarm water mixed with commercial flower food (which contains biocides, sugars, and acidifiers).
  • Keep arrangements away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ripening fruits (which emit ethylene).

  For commercial florists, reconditioning flowers in a cool room (2–4°C) for several hours before arrangement can significantly extend freshness.

Stage	Key Standards	Temperature Range	Best Practices
Harvest & Grading	ISO 9001, HPP Certification	18–20°C (during harvest)	Harvest at optimal bud stage; minimize handling
Packaging	Phytosanitary compliance, IATA air freight standards	Cooling begins immediately	Use moisture sleeves; label clearly
Storage	FloraHolland warehouse protocols	2–4°C, 85–95% humidity	Limit storage to under 24 hours
Transport	Reefer container standards, IATA Perishables Regulations	1–4°C (air/sea), 2–6°C (road)	Real-time monitoring; rapid transfer
Receiving	Post-harvest handling guidelines	Gradual warming to room temp	Re-cut stems; use flower food

Expert Tip: To maximize the lifespan of imported Dutch flowers, always follow the "4 Rs": Receive promptly, Re-cut stems, Re-hydrate in flower food, and Rest in a cool environment before arranging. This simple protocol can extend vase life by up to 50%.

Additional Recommendations

• Partner with certified Dutch exporters who comply with GlobalG.A.P. and MPS sustainability standards.
• Use digital tracking tools to monitor shipment status and environmental conditions in real time.
• Train staff in proper post-harvest handling to minimize losses and maintain quality.
• Stay updated on import regulations in destination countries, as phytosanitary rules frequently change.
• Consider air freight for high-value or time-sensitive orders, despite higher costs, to ensure peak freshness.

The success of the Dutch flower export industry lies in its integration of tradition, innovation, and precision. By adhering to strict specifications and maintaining an uninterrupted cold chain, the Netherlands continues to deliver some of the freshest, most beautiful flowers to markets around the world. Whether you're an importer, florist, or enthusiast, understanding these standards ensures you get the most value and beauty from every bloom.

Frequently Asked Questions About Dutch Flower Exports

Q. What is the main flower exported from the Netherlands?

A: The Netherlands is globally renowned as the world’s leading exporter of flowers, with tulips being the most iconic and dominant floral export. While tulips symbolize Dutch horticulture and account for the largest volume, the country also exports substantial quantities of other high-demand flowers such as roses, orchids, chrysanthemums, and lilies. These are cultivated in state-of-the-art greenhouses and auctioned through world-famous trading hubs like the Aalsmeer Flower Auction, ensuring rapid distribution to over 100 countries.

Q. How long are cut flowers kept after packing them in boxes?

A: The Dutch flower industry maintains exceptional standards for freshness and logistics. Once cut and packaged, flowers are stored in temperature-controlled environments (typically between 1–4°C or 34–39°F) to slow down aging and preserve hydration. Under optimal conditions, most cut flowers remain fresh for:

• 3 to 7 days in cold storage before shipping
• 24 to 48 hours during air freight and customs clearance

The entire supply chain—from harvest to arrival at international markets—is designed for speed and efficiency, often delivering flowers within 24 hours of being cut. This rapid transit ensures that flowers arrive vibrant and ready for retail display.

Q. Are the flowers from the Netherlands organic?

A: Yes, there is a growing and significant shift toward sustainable, organic, and ethically sourced flower production in the Netherlands. Many Dutch growers adhere to strict environmental standards and certifications such as:

• MPS-GAP – Certification for safe, sustainable, and traceable cultivation
• GlobalG.A.P. – Ensures responsible farming practices
• Fair Flowers Fair Plants (FFP) – Promotes fair labor conditions and ecological responsibility
• Organic (EU Organic Logo) – Indicates pesticide-free, soil-friendly growing methods

While not all Dutch flowers are organic, an increasing number of farms are transitioning to eco-friendly practices, responding to global consumer demand for greener, more ethical floral products.

Q. What are the prerequisites for importing flowers into the U.S.?

A: Importing flowers from the Netherlands into the United States requires compliance with several regulatory agencies to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Key requirements include:

• Phytosanitary Certificate: Issued by the Netherlands’ National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), this certifies that the shipment is free from harmful plant pests and meets U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) standards.
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Declaration: All shipments must be declared, with accurate documentation of contents, value, and origin.
• USDA-APHIS Inspection: Upon arrival, flower imports are inspected by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) officers at designated ports of entry.
• Import Permit (if required): Certain flower types or growing media may require prior permits.

Importers must also ensure proper labeling, packaging, and adherence to the Lacey Act, which prohibits trade in illegally sourced plants. Working with experienced freight forwarders and customs brokers is recommended to streamline the process.

Q. Are there Royal Flower Exportations from the Netherlands?

A: While there is no official "Royal Flower Exportation" entity, the term “Royal” is sometimes used to reflect the high prestige, quality, and tradition associated with Dutch flower exports. Some companies in the Netherlands hold the honorary title “Koninklijk” (Royal)—granted by the Dutch monarchy after 100 years of excellence in business or industry. When applied to flower exporters, it signifies long-standing reputation, superior craftsmanship, and adherence to elite standards.

The Dutch flower trade is often described as “royal” due to its:

• World-leading innovation in horticulture and logistics
• Impeccable quality control and post-harvest handling
• Global dominance in floral auctions and distribution networks

This combination of heritage, precision, and excellence gives Dutch flower exports a regal reputation in the international market.