Inside Lowes Continuous Hinge: Standards, Structure, and How It Supports Industrial Applications

Types of Lowe’s Continuous Hinges

A continuous hinge, also known as a piano hinge, runs the entire length of a door or panel, providing uniform support and enhanced durability. Available at Lowe’s, these hinges are essential for applications requiring smooth operation, long-term reliability, and resistance to stress. Choosing the right material ensures optimal performance based on environment, load, and aesthetic needs.

Stainless Steel

Premium-grade continuous hinge offering superior resistance to rust, corrosion, and wear. Ideal for high-moisture or outdoor environments.

Advantages

• Exceptional corrosion resistance
• High strength and longevity
• Low maintenance and easy to clean
• Sleek, modern appearance with a polished finish
• Suitable for coastal and industrial settings

Limitations

• Higher cost compared to other materials
• Heavier than plastic or aluminum
• May show fingerprints or scratches over time

Best for: Exterior doors, marine environments, commercial kitchens, and high-traffic areas

Plastic (Nylon/Polymer)

Lightweight and cost-effective continuous hinge made from durable plastic compounds, ideal for light-duty and decorative applications.

Advantages

• Extremely lightweight and easy to install
• Resistant to rust and corrosion
• Affordable and budget-friendly
• Available in multiple colors for design flexibility
• Quiet operation with minimal friction

Limitations

• Lower load capacity
• Less durable under heavy or constant use
• Potential for warping in extreme temperatures

Best for: Cabinet doors, lightweight panels, closets, and indoor decorative use

Brass

Luxurious continuous hinge with a rich, gold-like finish. Known for both strength and visual appeal, brass is a premium choice for high-end installations.

Advantages

• Elegant, vintage aesthetic enhances décor
• Natural corrosion resistance
• High load-bearing capacity
• Durable and long-lasting with proper care
• Develops a desirable patina over time

Limitations

• Premium price point
• Requires occasional polishing to maintain shine
• Can tarnish if exposed to moisture without sealing

Best for: Entry doors, luxury interiors, historic restorations, and upscale residential projects

Aluminum

Lightweight yet strong continuous hinge with excellent weather resistance. A practical alternative to heavier metal hinges.

Advantages

• Corrosion-resistant and rust-proof
• Lightweight for easier handling and installation
• Performs well in fluctuating weather conditions
• Cost-effective compared to stainless steel or brass
• Often comes with protective anodized or powder-coated finishes

Limitations

• Less robust than stainless steel or brass
• May bend under excessive load
• Finish can degrade over time in harsh environments

Best for: Exterior shutters, screen doors, outdoor enclosures, and large panels where weight is a concern

Material	Durability	Weight	Corrosion Resistance	Best Use Case
Stainless Steel	Excellent	Heavy	Excellent	High-moisture areas, commercial, industrial
Plastic	Fair	Very Light	Good	Indoor cabinets, lightweight doors
Brass	Very Good	Heavy	Very Good	Luxury interiors, entry doors, vintage designs
Aluminum	Good	Light	Very Good	Outdoor applications, large panels, weather-exposed areas

Expert Tip: For outdoor installations, consider pairing aluminum or stainless steel hinges with stainless steel screws to prevent galvanic corrosion and ensure long-term performance.

Industrial Applications of Lowe’s Continuous Hinges

Continuous hinges, also known as piano hinges, are essential hardware components in industrial and commercial environments due to their durability, consistent load distribution, and resistance to wear. Unlike standard butt hinges, continuous hinges span the entire length of a door or access panel, providing superior strength and alignment stability. Lowe’s offers a range of heavy-duty continuous hinges designed for rigorous industrial use, making them ideal for sectors where reliability, security, and hygiene are paramount.

Manufacturing Facilities

In manufacturing environments, equipment access doors, machine guards, and production line enclosures are opened and closed hundreds of times daily. Continuous hinges are widely used in these settings because they support high-cycle operations without sagging or misalignment. Their full-length design evenly distributes stress across the door frame, preventing warping or deformation—especially critical when hydraulic systems or robotic arms exert pressure on access panels.

These hinges are commonly installed on large industrial ovens, conveyor system enclosures, and control cabinets. Made from stainless steel or reinforced steel alloys, they resist corrosion from oils, coolants, and frequent washdowns, ensuring long-term functionality in demanding production environments.

Warehouse and Distribution Centers

Warehouses and distribution centers rely on continuous hinges for high-traffic doors such as personnel exits, loading bay doors, and secure storage compartments. The constant movement of forklifts, pallet jacks, and foot traffic subjects doors to repeated impacts and stress. Continuous hinges maintain structural integrity under these conditions by eliminating weak points found in traditional multi-hinge setups.

Their seamless design prevents door droop and ensures smooth operation over time, reducing maintenance downtime. Additionally, continuous hinges enhance security by minimizing the risk of forced entry through hinge-side tampering—especially when paired with non-removable pin designs or security pins.

Military and Defense Facilities

In military and defense installations, durability and security are non-negotiable. Continuous hinges are integral to blast-resistant doors, armored vehicle access panels, and secure munitions storage units. Their ability to distribute weight and impact forces evenly across the entire door edge makes them ideal for withstanding explosive pressure waves and ballistic stress.

These hinges are often constructed from hardened steel or corrosion-resistant alloys and are designed to operate reliably in extreme environments—from arctic bases to desert outposts. When combined with multi-point locking systems, continuous hinges ensure doors remain sealed and aligned, even after repeated use under combat or emergency conditions.

Agricultural Buildings

Agricultural operations involve exposure to dust, moisture, livestock, and heavy machinery, all of which challenge standard hardware. Continuous piano hinges are commonly used in barns, silos, equipment sheds, and stable doors due to their robust construction and resistance to environmental wear.

The full-length design minimizes the risk of jamming from debris buildup, while galvanized or powder-coated finishes protect against rust caused by humidity and animal waste. These hinges support large, heavy doors that must be opened frequently—such as those used for tractor access or feed storage—without sagging or requiring constant realignment.

Healthcare Facilities

In hospitals, clinics, and laboratories, infection control is a top priority. Continuous hinges are preferred in critical areas such as operating rooms, isolation units, and sterile supply rooms because their smooth, uninterrupted surface prevents the accumulation of dust, bacteria, and biofilms—common in the crevices of standard hinges.

Stainless steel continuous hinges are easy to clean and compatible with hospital-grade disinfectants, supporting compliance with health and safety regulations. Their reliable performance ensures that emergency exit doors and medical equipment enclosures function smoothly during high-pressure situations, contributing to both patient safety and operational efficiency.

Industry	Key Benefits	Common Applications
Manufacturing	High cycle durability, stress distribution, corrosion resistance	Machine guards, control panels, oven doors
Warehousing	Alignment stability, tamper resistance, reduced maintenance	Loading docks, storage rooms, personnel exits
Military & Defense	Blast resistance, structural integrity, all-weather reliability	Blast doors, armored vehicles, secure storage
Agriculture	Dust and moisture resistance, load capacity, longevity	Barn doors, silos, equipment sheds
Healthcare	Hygienic design, easy cleaning, infection control	Operating rooms, sterile storage, emergency exits

Important: When selecting continuous hinges for industrial applications, consider material type (e.g., stainless steel, galvanized steel), pin style (removable vs. non-removable), and mounting method (weld-on, screw-on, or flush mount). Always verify compatibility with door weight, frequency of use, and environmental conditions to ensure optimal performance and safety.

Product Specifications and Features of Lowe’s Continuous Hinges

Continuous hinges, commonly known as piano hinges, are essential hardware components used in a wide range of applications—from cabinetry and doors to industrial enclosures and specialty furniture. These hinges consist of a single, uninterrupted leaf with knuckle joints spaced evenly along the length, providing consistent support and smooth operation across the entire door or panel height. Designed for durability and reliability, Lowe’s continuous hinges are available in multiple materials, finishes, and dimensions to suit both residential and commercial needs.

Technical Specifications

Continuous hinges are engineered for strength, alignment, and long-term performance. Their design allows for uniform load distribution, minimizing stress points and enhancing structural integrity.

• Length Options: Available in standard lengths (e.g., 30", 36", 48", 72") or custom-cut to match door height, typically with a 1-inch allowance at top and bottom for trimming and alignment
• Width Variants: Common widths include 1-inch, 1.5-inch, and 2-inch; wider hinges provide greater support for heavier doors or high-traffic applications
• Leaf Thickness: Ranges from 0.045 to 0.075 inches, balancing flexibility during installation with resistance to bending under load
• Material Types: Offered in stainless steel (ideal for outdoor or humid environments), brass (corrosion-resistant with decorative appeal), aluminum (lightweight and rust-proof), and plastic (for lightweight, non-structural uses)
• Knuckle Design: Available in plain knuckles or pre-drilled versions for easy fastening; some models feature alignment holes for precise installation
• Pin Options: Removable pins allow for easy disassembly and maintenance, while fixed pins enhance security and stability

Key Insight: Selecting the correct width and thickness ensures optimal load-bearing capacity and prevents sagging over time.

Finishes and Aesthetic Options

Aesthetic integration is crucial in both residential and commercial installations. Lowe’s continuous hinges come in a variety of finishes that combine visual appeal with protective functionality.

• Polished Finish: Offers a shiny, mirror-like appearance ideal for decorative applications such as display cabinets or furniture
• Brushed Finish: Provides a matte, textured look that hides fingerprints and minor scratches—popular in modern kitchens and offices
• Anodized Coating: Commonly used on aluminum hinges to enhance corrosion resistance and color retention
• Satin or Matte Stainless Steel: Blends durability with a subtle finish suitable for professional and medical environments

Pro Tip: Match the hinge finish to other hardware (e.g., handles, knobs) for a cohesive design.

Installation Guide

Proper installation ensures smooth operation, longevity, and safety. Follow these steps for accurate and secure mounting of continuous hinges:

• Preparation: Remove any existing hinges and clean the mounting surfaces on both the door and frame. Check that the door jamb is level and plumb to prevent misalignment.
• Measurement & Alignment: Measure the full height of the door and mark a centerline on both the door edge and the frame. Align the hinge along this line to ensure even support from top to bottom.
• Marking & Drilling: Position the hinge in place and mark the screw hole locations. Pre-drill pilot holes to prevent wood splitting or metal deformation, especially in hardwoods or metal frames.
• Securing the Hinge: Attach the hinge to the door first using appropriate screws (included or recommended by manufacturer). Then align the door with the frame and secure the other side of the hinge. Use a helper to hold the door in place if needed.
• Final Check: Open and close the door several times to verify smooth movement and check for binding or misalignment.

Expert Note: For heavy doors, consider using structural screws or adding reinforcement plates for added stability.

Maintenance and Long-Term Care

Regular maintenance extends the life of continuous hinges and ensures consistent performance. Simple routines can prevent common issues like squeaking, sticking, or corrosion.

• Cleaning: Wipe down the hinge monthly with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Use a soft brush to remove dirt from knuckle areas. Avoid abrasive cleaners or bleach-based solutions that can damage protective coatings.
• Lubrication: Apply a silicone-based lubricant or multipurpose grease annually to the knuckles and pin. This reduces friction and prevents rust. Avoid oil-based lubricants, which attract dust and grime.
• Inspection: Conduct biannual inspections for signs of wear, rust, or loose screws. Tighten fasteners as needed and replace any corroded components promptly.
• Environmental Protection: In coastal or high-humidity areas, choose stainless steel or brass hinges with protective finishes to resist salt spray and moisture damage.

Preventive Tip: Lubricate hinges before seasonal changes (e.g., winter) when temperature fluctuations can affect metal expansion and contraction.

Professional Recommendation: For high-traffic or heavy-duty applications—such as commercial doors, tool chests, or exterior gates—opt for 2-inch wide stainless steel continuous hinges with a brushed finish. These offer maximum strength, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic versatility. Always ensure compatibility with your door’s weight and usage frequency to avoid premature wear.

Hinge Type	Best For	Material Recommendation	Maintenance Frequency
Interior Cabinet Doors	Light-duty, decorative use	Brass or aluminum with polished finish	Every 6 months
Residential Entry Doors	Medium-duty, frequent use	Stainless steel, 1.5-inch width	Every 4 months
Commercial/Industrial Gates	Heavy-duty, high-security	Stainless steel, 2-inch width, fixed pin	Every 3 months
Outdoor Enclosures	Weather-exposed applications	Marine-grade stainless steel or anodized aluminum	Every 2–3 months

Additional Considerations

• Customization: Many continuous hinges can be cut to size using a hacksaw or metal-cutting tool—always file edges after cutting to prevent injury.
• Fire-Rated Applications: Ensure hinges meet fire code requirements when used on fire-rated doors; look for certification labels.
• Noise Reduction: Some models include nylon inserts or cushioned knuckles to minimize operational noise.
• Security Features: Removable pins should be paired with security clips or tamper-resistant screws in sensitive areas.
• Eco-Friendly Options: Recycled aluminum and low-VOC finishes are available for sustainable building projects.

Quality and Safety Considerations of Lowe’s Continuous Hinges

Continuous hinges, often referred to as piano hinges, are essential hardware components used in a wide range of residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Known for their full-length design, these hinges provide uniform support along the entire door or panel edge, enhancing both structural integrity and smooth operation. When selecting continuous hinges—particularly those available at Lowe’s—it's crucial to evaluate both quality and safety aspects to ensure long-term performance, user safety, and compliance with building standards. This guide explores key factors to consider when choosing and maintaining continuous hinges, with a focus on material quality, load capacity, installation best practices, and regulatory compliance.

Safety Warning: Always match the hinge specifications to the intended application. Using undersized or improperly rated hinges on heavy doors or emergency exits can lead to failure, property damage, or personal injury. Never exceed the manufacturer’s stated load capacity.

Quality Considerations for Continuous Hinges

High-quality continuous hinges are engineered to deliver consistent performance, longevity, and reliability under repeated use. Below are the most critical quality factors to assess when selecting a hinge from Lowe’s or any hardware supplier.

• Material Selection: Continuous hinges are commonly manufactured from stainless steel, brass, aluminum, or high-grade plastic, each offering distinct advantages. Stainless steel is highly durable and resistant to corrosion, making it ideal for outdoor or high-moisture environments like kitchens and bathrooms. Brass provides excellent rust resistance and a premium aesthetic, often used in decorative or commercial applications. Aluminum is lightweight and corrosion-resistant, suitable for applications where weight is a concern. Plastic hinges are typically used in light-duty or non-structural applications due to lower strength but offer excellent chemical resistance.
• Load-Bearing Capacity: The hinge must be capable of supporting the full weight of the door or panel it is attached to. Load capacity is influenced by the hinge’s length, thickness (leaf gauge), number of knuckles, and mounting method. For heavy doors—such as solid wood, metal, or fire-rated doors—opt for heavy-duty stainless steel or brass hinges with a higher gauge (e.g., 14–16 gauge) to prevent sagging or failure over time.
• Durability and Cycle Testing: A high-quality continuous hinge should withstand tens of thousands of opening and closing cycles without wear or deformation. Look for hinges tested to industry standards (e.g., ANSI/BHMA A156.1) that specify cycle life—typically 50,000 to 100,000 cycles for commercial-grade products. This ensures long-term reliability in high-traffic areas like office buildings, hospitals, and schools.
• Finish and Corrosion Resistance: Protective finishes such as zinc plating (galvanization), powder coating, or anodization enhance resistance to rust, moisture, and salt exposure. In coastal or humid environments, stainless steel or marine-grade aluminum hinges with non-corrosive finishes are strongly recommended to prevent premature degradation.
• Clearance and Tolerance Precision: Precision manufacturing ensures consistent spacing between knuckles and proper alignment of screw holes. High-quality hinges maintain tight tolerances, allowing for smooth operation without binding, excessive play, or friction. This is especially important for fire-rated doors or automated systems where even minor misalignment can impair function.
• Compliance with Industry Standards: Reputable continuous hinges meet safety and performance standards set by organizations such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association (BHMA). These certifications verify that the product has undergone rigorous testing for strength, cycle life, corrosion resistance, and operational performance, ensuring reliability and safety in critical applications.

Safety Considerations for Installation and Use

Safety is paramount when installing continuous hinges, especially on doors that serve as primary exits, fire barriers, or access points in public buildings. Proper selection, installation, and maintenance directly impact user safety and regulatory compliance.

• Load Capacity Matching: Always verify that the hinge’s load rating exceeds the weight of the door or panel. Overloading can lead to hinge deformation, door misalignment, or catastrophic failure. For heavy or oversized doors, consider using multiple hinges or reinforced mounting plates to distribute the load effectively.
• Proper Installation Techniques: Incorrect installation is a leading cause of hinge failure. Ensure the hinge is mounted straight and aligned with the door edge. Use the correct size and number of screws—preferably stainless steel or coated for corrosion resistance—and drive them fully into pre-drilled pilot holes to prevent wood splitting or metal warping. Misaligned hinges can cause uneven wear, binding, and increased stress on the door frame.
• Regular Inspection and Maintenance: Schedule periodic inspections to check for signs of wear, corrosion, loose screws, or misalignment. Pay special attention to hinges on high-traffic or exterior doors. Early detection of issues can prevent sudden failures and extend the lifespan of the hardware.
• Lubrication for Smooth Operation: Regular lubrication with a silicone-based or Teflon spray reduces friction, prevents squeaking, and minimizes wear. Avoid oil-based lubricants that attract dust and debris. Well-lubricated hinges ensure doors open and close smoothly, reducing the risk of slamming or resistance that could lead to user injury.
• Emergency Exit and Fire Safety Compliance: Doors equipped with continuous hinges in emergency exits must operate freely and reliably during evacuations. Ensure hinges allow the door to open fully with minimal force (typically less than 5 lbs) and comply with NFPA 80 and local fire codes. Self-closing mechanisms and panic hardware should function correctly without interference from the hinge.

Factor	Recommended for Quality	Risks of Poor Quality	Best Practices
Material Type	Stainless steel, brass, or anodized aluminum	Corrosion, warping, breakage	Match material to environment (e.g., stainless for wet areas)
Load Capacity	Exceeds door weight by 20–30%	Door sagging, hinge failure	Use heavy-gauge hinges for solid-core or fire-rated doors
Installation	Aligned, fully seated screws, pilot holes used	Binding, misalignment, premature wear	Follow manufacturer guidelines; use level and drill guide
Maintenance	Quarterly inspection and lubrication	Seized hinges, operational failure	Use silicone spray; tighten loose screws promptly
Regulatory Compliance	ANSI/BHMA certified, NFPA 80 compliant	Code violations, liability risks	Verify certification labels on product packaging

Expert Tip: When replacing or installing continuous hinges on fire-rated doors, always use hinges listed for fire door applications. These hinges are designed to withstand high temperatures and maintain door integrity during a fire, contributing to overall building safety.

Additional Recommendations

• Keep spare hinges and screws on hand for emergency repairs, especially in commercial facilities.
• Document hinge specifications and installation dates for maintenance tracking.
• Train maintenance staff on proper inspection and lubrication procedures.
• Choose hinges with non-removable pins or security features in high-theft-risk areas.
• Consult a hardware specialist when selecting hinges for specialized applications like soundproof doors, blast-resistant panels, or automated systems.

Selecting the right continuous hinge from Lowe’s involves more than just size and price. By prioritizing material quality, load capacity, proper installation, and adherence to safety standards, you ensure reliable performance and long-term safety. Whether for a residential cabinet or a commercial fire exit, investing in high-quality, properly maintained hinges is a small step that significantly enhances functionality and peace of mind.

Frequently Asked Questions About Continuous Hinges

Q1: What is a continuous hinge used for?

A continuous hinge, commonly known as a piano hinge, is designed to provide consistent support along the entire length of a door, lid, or access panel. Unlike standard hinges that are mounted at discrete points, this full-length hinge ensures even weight distribution, minimizing stress on any single point and reducing the risk of sagging or warping over time.

These hinges are especially beneficial in applications involving heavy or oversized doors, such as:

• Industrial machinery enclosures: Ensures secure and smooth access to large control panels or equipment housings.
• Piano lids and cabinets: The origin of the name "piano hinge," used for reliable, long-term performance on instrument lids.
• Military and aerospace equipment: Provides durability and structural integrity under rigorous conditions.
• Marine and outdoor enclosures: When made from corrosion-resistant materials, they withstand harsh environments.

Due to their robust design, continuous hinges are preferred in settings where reliability, longevity, and safety are critical.

Q2: How does load-bearing capacity work with a continuous hinge?

The load-bearing capacity of a continuous hinge is significantly higher than that of standard butt or pivot hinges due to its full-length support. However, the actual capacity depends on several key factors:

• Material composition: Stainless steel hinges offer superior strength and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for heavy-duty or outdoor use. Brass provides good strength with enhanced aesthetics, while aluminum is lightweight yet durable—perfect for applications where weight is a concern.
• Thickness and knuckle design: Thicker hinge material and larger knuckle diameters increase strength and torque resistance. Reinforced knuckles or welded construction further enhance load capacity.
• Pin type: Solid pins are stronger than removable or hollow pins, especially under continuous stress or vibration.
• Mounting method: Proper installation using appropriate fasteners (e.g., machine screws vs. self-tapping screws) and sufficient attachment points ensures optimal load transfer and performance.

For example, a 3-foot stainless steel continuous hinge can support several hundred pounds when properly installed, making it suitable for industrial access doors, toolboxes, or armored vehicle panels. Always consult manufacturer specifications to match the hinge to your load requirements.

Q3: Is there a difference between a continuous hinge and a regular hinge?

Yes, there are several important differences between continuous (piano) hinges and regular (standard) hinges, affecting performance, application, and maintenance:

Feature	Continuous Hinge	Regular Hinge
Length & Coverage	Spans the full length of the door or panel.	Mounted at 2–3 discrete points (e.g., top, middle, bottom).
Weight Distribution	Evenly distributes load, reducing stress and preventing sagging.	Concentrates load on hinge points; may lead to warping over time.
Load Capacity	High—ideal for heavy or wide doors.	Moderate—limited by number and size of individual hinges.
Durability	Longer lifespan due to reduced wear per section.	More prone to wear at pivot points, especially under heavy loads.
Design Flexibility	Less flexible in positioning; requires precise alignment.	High—can be placed at various locations for customized movement.
Applications	Industrial doors, toolboxes, electronic enclosures, pianos.	Cabinets, interior doors, lightweight access panels.

In summary, continuous hinges excel in strength and stability for demanding applications, while regular hinges offer greater design versatility for lighter, everyday use.

Q4: Under what conditions should a continuous hinge be replaced?

While continuous hinges are built for durability, they are not immune to wear and environmental damage. Replacement is recommended when any of the following signs are present:

• Visible corrosion or rust: Especially in stainless steel or brass hinges exposed to moisture, salt, or chemicals. Severe pitting or flaking compromises structural integrity.
• Binding or sticking: If the door no longer opens or closes smoothly, the hinge pin may be bent, worn, or contaminated with debris.
• Door misalignment: Sagging, uneven gaps, or difficulty latching often indicate hinge deformation or mounting failure.
• Loose mounting holes: Stripped or elongated screw holes in the hinge or frame suggest repeated stress and loss of secure attachment.
• Noise during operation: Squeaking, grinding, or creaking may indicate dry joints, worn bushings, or internal damage.
• Physical damage: Bent leaves, cracked welds, or broken pins require immediate replacement to prevent failure.

Regular inspection and lubrication (using silicone or lithium-based grease) can extend the life of continuous hinges. However, if multiple issues occur or the hinge is critical to safety, prompt replacement is essential to maintain functionality and prevent further damage to the door or enclosure.

Q5: What materials should be used to manufacture continuous hinges?

The choice of material for a continuous hinge significantly impacts its performance, lifespan, and suitability for specific environments. The most common materials include:

• Stainless Steel: Offers excellent strength, corrosion resistance, and longevity. Ideal for outdoor, marine, food processing, and medical applications. Grades like 304 and 316 provide increasing levels of rust resistance, with 316 being optimal for saltwater environments.
• Brass: Known for its natural corrosion resistance and attractive finish. Often used in decorative or architectural applications, such as high-end cabinetry or furniture. While strong, it is softer than steel and may wear faster under heavy use.
• Aluminum: Lightweight and naturally corrosion-resistant due to oxide layer formation. Suitable for aerospace, transportation, and portable equipment where weight savings are crucial. Can be anodized for added durability and color options.
• Steel (Zinc-Plated or Galvanized): Cost-effective and strong, but less resistant to rust unless coated. Best for indoor or dry environments where moisture exposure is minimal.

When selecting a material, consider factors such as environmental exposure, load requirements, aesthetic needs, and maintenance expectations. For example, a stainless steel continuous hinge is often the best choice for industrial or exterior applications, while brass or aluminum may be preferred for visible, lightweight, or decorative installations.