Macadamia Nuts Processing Machine: Types, Structure, and How to Optimize Performance in Industry

Types of Macadamia Nuts Processing Machines

A macadamia nuts processing machine refers to specialized equipment used to transform harvested macadamia nuts into market-ready products such as raw kernels, roasted nuts, or macadamia oil. The entire processing chain involves several stages—from initial dehusking to final packaging—each requiring dedicated machinery to ensure efficiency, quality, and food safety.

Modern macadamia processing facilities integrate advanced automation and precision engineering to maximize yield and consistency. Below is a detailed breakdown of the key machines involved in the processing line, their functions, benefits, and ideal applications.

Nut Dehuskers

Removes the soft green outer husk from freshly harvested macadamia nuts, preparing them for drying and cracking.

Advantages

• High throughput with minimal kernel damage
• Uses rollers or blunt blades for gentle husk removal
• Reduces manual labor significantly
• Improves drying efficiency by exposing the shell

Limitations

• Requires regular cleaning to prevent clogging
• Less effective on overripe or wet nuts
• Initial setup can be costly for small farms

Best for: Large-scale farms, commercial processing plants, post-harvest handling

Macadamia Nut Crackers

Cracks the extremely hard outer shell (up to 300 psi strength) while preserving the delicate kernel inside.

Advantages

• High cracking efficiency (up to 95% intact kernels)
• Adjustable pressure settings for different nut sizes
• Available in manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic models
• Reduces waste and increases profitability

Limitations

• Requires precise calibration to avoid kernel breakage
• Wear and tear on cracking components over time
• Higher-end models are a significant investment

Best for: Mid to large-scale processors, oil extraction facilities, export-grade kernel production

Nut Blasters (Air Separators)

Uses controlled bursts of air to separate lightweight shells and debris from heavier kernels in a falling product stream.

Advantages

• Low-cost and energy-efficient separation method
• Compact design suitable for small operations
• No moving parts in contact with material
• Effective for initial debris removal

Limitations

• Less precise than optical sorting
• May not remove all fine particles
• Limited capacity compared to cyclones

Best for: Small processors, preliminary cleaning stages, budget-conscious operations

Shell Separators

Further refines separation using vibrating screens, cyclones, and advanced optical sorting with AI-powered cameras.

Advantages

• High-precision separation by size, shape, and density
• AI integration detects and removes defective or misshapen kernels
• Improves final product purity and quality
• Scalable for industrial throughput

Limitations

• Higher cost due to advanced technology
• Requires trained operators and maintenance
• Potential downtime if sensors malfunction

Best for: Export-quality processing, premium kernel production, automated facilities

Kernel Sifters

Screens and grades kernels by size to meet market specifications and remove residual contaminants.

Advantages

• Ensures uniformity in final product
• Multiple sieve layers for precise grading
• Removes dust, shell fragments, and small impurities
• Essential for packaging and pricing by grade

Limitations

• Sieves require frequent cleaning and replacement
• Vibration may cause minor kernel breakage
• Space-consuming for multi-tier models

Best for: Quality control, grading for retail or export, pre-packaging preparation

Roasters

Applies controlled heat to enhance flavor, texture, and shelf life of macadamia kernels through even roasting.

Advantages

• Uniform roasting with precise temperature control
• Belt or drum systems ensure consistent movement
• Integrated cooling zones prevent overcooking
• Enhances market value and consumer appeal

Limitations

• High energy consumption
• Risk of burning if not monitored
• Requires ventilation and fire safety systems

Best for: Value-added product lines, snack production, gourmet markets

Nut Packers

Automates the final stage by filling, sealing, labeling, and boxing macadamia products for retail or bulk distribution.

Advantages

• High-speed packaging with minimal labor
• Accurate portion control and weight consistency
• Supports various packaging formats (bags, cans, boxes)
• Improves hygiene and shelf life with sealed packaging

Limitations

• High upfront cost for fully automated lines
• Requires regular maintenance and calibration
• May need format changes for different products

Best for: Commercial distribution, branded products, export compliance

Machine Type	Primary Function	Key Benefit	Processing Stage	Scale Suitability
Nut Dehuskers	Remove green outer husk	Prepares nuts for drying and cracking	Initial Processing	Small to Large
Nut Crackers	Break hard shells without damaging kernel	Maximizes whole kernel yield	Shelling	Medium to Large
Nut Blasters	Air-based separation of shells and debris	Low-cost, efficient cleaning	Primary Separation	Small to Medium
Shell Separators	Precision sorting by size, shape, and density	AI-enhanced purity and quality	Secondary Separation	Medium to Large
Kernel Sifters	Grade kernels by size and remove impurities	Ensures product consistency	Grading & Quality Control	All Scales
Roasters	Heat-treat kernels for flavor and texture	Creates value-added products	Value Addition	Medium to Large
Nut Packers	Automated filling, sealing, and labeling	Enables commercial distribution	Final Packaging	Medium to Large

Expert Tip: For optimal efficiency, integrate machines into a continuous processing line with conveyor systems. Regular maintenance and proper calibration of cracking and sorting equipment can increase whole kernel yield by up to 20%, significantly boosting profitability.

Specifications and Maintenance of Macadamia Nuts Processing Machines

Macadamia nuts processing machines are essential in transforming raw macadamia harvests into high-quality, market-ready kernels. Designed for both small-scale producers and commercial operations, these machines combine precision engineering with food-safe materials to deliver efficient, hygienic, and reliable performance. Understanding their technical specifications and implementing proper maintenance routines is critical for maximizing productivity, minimizing downtime, and ensuring food safety compliance.

Key Technical Specifications

Processing Capacity

Modern macadamia processing machines are engineered to handle substantial volumes, typically ranging from 300 kg to 1,000 kg per hour. This wide range allows flexibility for different production scales—from family-run farms to large agribusinesses.

Higher-capacity models often include automated feeding systems and multi-stage processing (cracking, separation, sorting) to maintain throughput without compromising kernel quality. Selecting the right capacity depends on your daily output goals and available labor resources.

Power Requirements

These machines operate on standard industrial or agricultural voltages, usually between 110V and 220V, making them adaptable to various regional power supplies. The motor power typically ranges from 1HP to 5HP, depending on the machine’s size and function.

Lower HP models (1–2HP) are suitable for intermittent use or smaller batches, while higher HP units (3–5HP) provide the torque needed for continuous operation and tougher nut varieties. Always ensure your electrical infrastructure can support the machine’s startup and running load to prevent tripping or motor damage.

Shelling Efficiency & Kernel Quality

Precision is paramount in macadamia processing. High-performance machines achieve a shelling accuracy of over 98%, meaning nearly all nuts are cracked open successfully without leaving whole nuts unprocessed.

Equally important is the kernel damage rate, which remains below 1% to 2% in well-maintained equipment. Low damage rates preserve the premium value of macadamia kernels, which are sensitive to cracking, bruising, or fragmentation during processing.

Construction Materials

The primary material used in manufacturing these machines is food-grade stainless steel (typically 304 or 316 grade). This choice ensures durability, corrosion resistance, and compliance with food safety standards such as HACCP and FDA regulations.

Stainless steel resists moisture, acidic residues, and frequent cleaning agents, making it ideal for environments where hygiene is critical. It also prevents rust contamination and extends the machine’s operational life, even under daily use and washdown conditions.

Specification	Typical Range	Why It Matters
Processing Capacity	300–1000 kg/hour	Determines suitability for small farms vs. commercial operations
Motor Power	1–5 HP	Affects processing speed and ability to handle hard-shell varieties
Operating Voltage	110–220V	Ensures compatibility with local power systems
Shelling Accuracy	>98%	Maximizes yield and reduces waste
Kernel Damage Rate	<1–2%	Preserves kernel integrity and market value
Material	Stainless Steel (304/316)	Ensures hygiene, durability, and resistance to corrosion

Essential Maintenance Practices

Regular Inspection: Conduct daily or weekly checks for signs of wear, such as cracks in housing, misaligned rollers, loose bolts, or damaged belts. Pay special attention to the cracking mechanism and separation trays, as these components are under constant stress.

Thorough Cleaning: Clean the machine after each use to prevent nut residue, oil buildup, or microbial growth. Use soft brushes and mild, non-abrasive detergents to avoid scratching stainless steel surfaces. Rinse and dry completely to prevent moisture-related issues.

Lubrication of Moving Parts: Apply food-grade lubricant to gears, bearings, chains, and pivot points according to the manufacturer’s schedule. Proper lubrication reduces friction, minimizes heat buildup, and prevents premature wear.

Calibration and Adjustment: Periodically verify and adjust settings such as roller gap, feed rate, and air separation intensity. Correct calibration ensures consistent shelling performance and minimizes kernel breakage.

Electrical System Checks: Inspect wiring, connectors, and control panels regularly. Ensure all electrical components are free from dirt, corrosion, and moisture. Tighten any loose connections to prevent power fluctuations or fire hazards.

Proper Storage Environment: Store the machine in a dry, temperature-controlled area away from humidity, direct sunlight, or corrosive chemicals. Avoid placing it on uneven surfaces to prevent vibration-induced wear.

Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Adhere strictly to the user manual for maintenance intervals, spare parts, and troubleshooting procedures. Using OEM-recommended components ensures compatibility and preserves warranty coverage.

Important: Neglecting routine maintenance can lead to reduced efficiency, increased kernel damage, food safety risks, and costly repairs. Always disconnect power before performing any inspection or cleaning. Regular upkeep not only extends the lifespan of your macadamia processing machine but also ensures consistent product quality and regulatory compliance.

Applications of Macadamia Nut Processing Machines

With the growing global demand for macadamia nuts—driven by their rich flavor, nutritional benefits, and premium market value—agricultural producers, food processors, and even home users are turning to specialized machinery to streamline harvesting and post-harvest processing. The macadamia nut processing machine plays a pivotal role in transforming raw, harvested nuts into high-quality, market-ready products efficiently and consistently.

Industry Insight: Macadamia nuts are among the most labor-intensive crops to process manually. Automating the process with dedicated machinery can reduce processing time by up to 80% while improving kernel recovery rates and product quality.

Industrial-Scale Processing Lines

Large-scale commercial operations rely on fully integrated macadamia nut processing lines to handle high volumes of nuts from harvest to packaging. These automated systems are engineered for maximum throughput, consistency, and minimal waste.

• Dehusking Machines: Remove the outer green husk immediately after harvest to prevent mold and kernel damage
• Nut Cracking Systems: Use calibrated pressure rollers or impact mechanisms to crack shells without damaging the delicate kernel inside
• Kernel Separation & Sorting: Employ air classifiers, density tables, and optical sorters to separate kernels from shells and grade by size, color, and quality
• Roasting Units: Provide controlled heat treatment to enhance flavor, texture, and shelf life
• Packaging Automation: Integrate weighing, filling, vacuum sealing, and labeling for retail-ready packaging

Key Benefit: Stainless steel construction ensures durability, hygiene, and resistance to corrosion in high-moisture environments.

Small-Scale & Specialty Applications

Beyond large factories, macadamia processing machines serve niche markets including artisanal producers, bakeries, health food manufacturers, and research farms. These setups focus on value-added product creation and quality control.

• Bakeries & Confectioneries: Use small roasters and grinders to produce fresh macadamia butter, oils, and baked goods with premium flavor profiles
• Organic Farms: Employ semi-automated cracking and sorting units to maintain organic certification and reduce labor costs
• Food Innovation Labs: Utilize modular processing units for R&D in new macadamia-based snacks, dairy alternatives, and gourmet products
• Local Co-Ops: Shared processing centers allow small growers to pool resources and access professional-grade equipment

Value Addition: Processing raw nuts into oils, butters, or roasted snacks can increase profit margins by 300–500% compared to selling raw kernels.

Home & Domestic Use

For hobbyists, homesteaders, and small orchard owners, compact and user-friendly macadamia processing machines make it possible to enjoy fresh, home-processed nuts. These devices are designed for ease of use, safety, and integration into household kitchens or workshops.

• Countertop Dehuskers: Manual or electric models that remove husks with minimal effort
• Handheld or Benchtop Crackers: Adjustable pressure tools to crack shells cleanly without crushing kernels
• Small Roasters: Convection or drum-style roasters for batch roasting 1–5 lbs of nuts
• Winnowing Baskets & Fans: Simple separation tools to remove shell fragments after cracking

Lifestyle Benefit: Processing macadamias at home becomes an engaging family activity, offering educational value about food origins and sustainable practices.

Processing Stages & Machine Functions

A comprehensive understanding of the macadamia processing workflow helps in selecting the right machines for each stage. Each step contributes to final product quality, yield, and profitability.

• Stage 1 – Dehusking: Done within 24–48 hours of harvest to prevent fermentation
• Stage 2 – Drying: Nuts are dried for 6–8 weeks to reduce moisture from ~30% to 1.5–3%
• Stage 3 – Cracking: Precision machines achieve 40–45% kernel recovery (vs. 25–30% manually)
• Stage 4 – Kernel Extraction: Air and vibration systems separate kernels from shells
• Stage 5 – Grading & Sorting: Optical scanners detect defects, discoloration, and size variations
• Stage 6 – Roasting & Packaging: Final flavor enhancement and preservation for market

Technical Note: Proper drying is critical—under-dried nuts crack poorly; over-dried nuts become brittle and prone to breakage.

Application Scale	Typical Machines Used	Processing Capacity	Primary Benefits
Industrial (Factory)	Full-line automation: dehusker, dryer, cracker, sorter, roaster, packager	500–5,000 kg/hour	High yield, consistent quality, compliance with food safety standards
Commercial (Bakery/Co-op)	Standalone roasters, small crackers, grinders	10–100 kg/hour	Value-added products, freshness control, brand differentiation
Domestic (Home Use)	Manual dehuskers, countertop crackers, small roasters	1–5 kg/batch	Cost savings, educational value, enjoyment of fresh nuts
Research & Development	Modular, adjustable processing units	Variable (lab-scale)	Product innovation, process optimization, quality testing

Emerging Trends & Future Applications

• Sustainable Processing: Solar-powered dryers and energy-efficient roasters are gaining traction in eco-conscious operations
• Smart Machines: IoT-enabled systems monitor moisture, temperature, and yield in real time for data-driven decisions
• Mobile Processing Units: Trailer-mounted systems bring processing to remote orchards, reducing transport costs and spoilage
• Byproduct Utilization: Shell waste is being repurposed into biofuel, activated carbon, and construction materials
• Customization: Modular designs allow farmers to scale up incrementally based on production growth

Professional Recommendation: When advising customers on machine selection, consider not only current volume but also future growth potential. A mid-scale automated line often offers the best balance between upfront cost and long-term efficiency. For home users, prioritize safety features and ease of cleaning. Always emphasize the importance of proper nut drying before cracking—this single step can make or break the success of the entire processing operation.

How to Choose Macadamia Nuts Processing Machines: A Comprehensive Buyer's Guide

Selecting the right macadamia nut processing machinery is a strategic decision that directly impacts your operation’s efficiency, product quality, and long-term profitability. Whether you're establishing a new processing facility or upgrading an existing line, this guide provides a detailed framework to help you make informed decisions based on capacity, quality, safety, durability, and sustainability.

Important Note: Macadamia nuts are a high-value crop, and improper processing can lead to significant financial loss due to kernel damage. Choosing the right equipment is not just about throughput—it's about preserving the integrity and market value of the final product.

Key Factors to Consider When Selecting Macadamia Processing Equipment

1. Processing Capacity & Scalability
   • Assess your average daily or seasonal nut volume to determine required throughput (measured in kg/hour or tons/day)
   • Choose machines that can handle peak harvest loads without bottlenecks
   • Consider future growth—select modular or scalable systems that allow for expansion
   • Ensure compatibility between machines (e.g., dehusker output should match dryer input capacity)
2. End Product Quality & Kernel Preservation
   • Prioritize machines designed to minimize kernel breakage and maximize whole nut recovery
   • Look for cracking machines with precision-adjustable rollers or hydraulic pressure settings to accommodate different nut sizes and shell thicknesses
   • Verify that equipment meets industry standards for moisture control, especially in drying and roasting stages
   • Inquire about test results or trial runs with your specific nut variety to evaluate performance
3. Worker Safety & Operational Simplicity
   • Select machines equipped with safety interlocks, emergency stop buttons, and protective guarding around moving parts
   • Favor models with intuitive control panels and clear operational indicators
   • Ensure machines comply with regional safety regulations (e.g., CE, OSHA, or local standards)
   • Choose equipment that reduces manual handling to lower injury risk and labor fatigue
4. Durability, Maintenance & Cleanability
   • Opt for machines constructed from food-grade stainless steel or corrosion-resistant materials
   • Verify ease of disassembly for cleaning and inspection—critical for food safety and preventing cross-contamination
   • Select designs with minimal crevices and smooth surfaces to prevent nut residue buildup
   • Schedule regular maintenance to extend machine life and ensure consistent performance
5. Spare Parts Availability & Technical Support
   • Confirm that spare parts (e.g., belts, screens, rollers) are readily available locally or through reliable suppliers
   • Choose manufacturers or distributors that offer prompt technical support and service training
   • Request a list of common wear-and-tear components and their expected lifespan
   • Check warranty terms and availability of on-site repair services
6. Processing Speed & Production Efficiency
   • Evaluate the machine’s cycle time and throughput relative to your production goals
   • Consider automation features such as conveyor integration, auto-feeding, and batch monitoring
   • Balance speed with quality—faster isn’t always better if it compromises kernel integrity
   • Map out your entire processing line to identify potential bottlenecks and optimize workflow
7. Energy Efficiency & Environmental Impact
   • Choose energy-efficient dryers, crackers, and sorters with low power consumption
   • Consider solar-assisted drying systems or heat recovery units to reduce operational costs
   • Look for equipment with low noise output and minimal emissions
   • Energy-efficient machines not only reduce costs but also support sustainability certifications and branding
8. Customer Feedback & Market Reputation
   • Research online reviews, testimonials, and case studies from other macadamia processors
   • Attend agricultural expos or industry events to see machines in operation
   • Join grower associations or online forums to gather peer recommendations
   • Request references from the manufacturer and speak directly with current users

Machine Type	Key Features to Look For	Expected Efficiency	Maintenance Tips
Dehusker	Adjustable drum spacing, low kernel damage rate	95–98% husk removal efficiency	Inspect rubber paddles monthly; clean after each use
Dryer	Temperature control, uniform airflow, moisture sensors	Reduce moisture from 30% to 1.5–3% in 2–3 days	Check fans and heating elements weekly
Cracker	Adjustable pressure, high whole kernel recovery (>60%)	80–90% shell-cracking efficiency	Lubricate gears bi-weekly; calibrate settings regularly
Kernel Sorter	Color sorting, size grading, foreign material detection	99% purity with automated sorting	Calibrate sensors daily; clean optical lenses
Packaging Machine	Air-tight sealing, date labeling, variable bag sizes	10–50 bags per minute depending on model	Inspect seals and cutters daily

Expert Tip: Before making a final purchase, request a sample processing trial using your own nuts. This real-world test allows you to evaluate machine performance, kernel quality, and ease of operation under actual conditions—saving time and money in the long run.

Additional Recommendations for Long-Term Success

• Develop a preventive maintenance schedule tailored to each machine’s usage and environment
• Train operators thoroughly on both operation and basic troubleshooting
• Keep a log of machine performance, downtime, and repair history for future planning
• Consider leasing or financing options for high-cost equipment to preserve capital
• Explore government grants or agricultural subsidies for modernizing processing facilities
• Integrate quality control checkpoints at each stage to ensure consistency and compliance

Investing in the right macadamia nut processing machinery is a cornerstone of a successful agribusiness. By prioritizing quality, efficiency, safety, and long-term support, you can build a processing line that maximizes yield, minimizes waste, and produces a premium product ready for domestic and international markets. Always consult with experienced suppliers and fellow producers to make well-informed decisions that align with your business goals.

Frequently Asked Questions About Macadamia Nut Processing Machines

Q1: How does a macadamia nut processing machine increase production efficiency?

Macadamia nut processing machines significantly boost production efficiency by automating and integrating multiple stages of the processing workflow. Unlike traditional manual methods, which are labor-intensive and time-consuming, modern automated systems handle key operations such as cracking, drying, peeling, sorting, pulverizing, and even packaging in a seamless, continuous flow.

• Reduced Labor Costs: Automation minimizes the need for large workforces, lowering operational expenses and reducing human error.
• Faster Throughput: Machines can process hundreds or even thousands of nuts per hour, far exceeding the capacity of manual processing.
• Consistent Output: Automated controls ensure uniform processing conditions, leading to consistent product quality and reduced waste.
• Scalability: These systems are ideal for commercial producers looking to scale operations without a linear increase in labor or processing time.

By streamlining the entire production chain, macadamia processing machines enable producers to meet growing market demands efficiently and cost-effectively.

Q2: Are macadamia nut processing machines customizable for different output requirements?

Yes, most modern macadamia processing machines are highly customizable to meet a wide range of production scales and operational needs. Whether you're a small farm processor or a large commercial facility, manufacturers offer tailored solutions to match your specific output goals.

• Adjustable Capacity: Machine dimensions and feed rates can be modified to handle low-volume artisanal batches or high-volume industrial production.
• Modular Design: Additional components such as advanced optical sorters, dehullers, or vacuum dryers can be integrated based on processing requirements.
• Speed Control: Variable speed drives allow operators to fine-tune processing speeds for optimal performance with different nut varieties or moisture levels.
• Custom Automation: PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) systems can be programmed for specific workflows, including batch tracking and quality monitoring.

This flexibility ensures that producers can optimize their investment and adapt the machinery as their business grows or market demands shift.

Q3: Do macadamia nut processing machines maintain nut quality during processing?

Absolutely. High-quality macadamia nut processing machines are engineered to preserve the integrity, flavor, and nutritional value of the nuts throughout every stage of processing. Gentle handling and precision controls are central to their design.

• Gentle Cracking Mechanisms: Advanced roller or impact crackers are calibrated to break shells without damaging the kernel, minimizing breakage and preserving whole nut yields.
• Controlled Drying: Temperature and humidity are carefully regulated during drying to prevent overheating, which can degrade oils and alter flavor profiles.
• Hygienic Materials: Food-grade stainless steel construction prevents contamination and ensures easy cleaning, maintaining product safety and freshness.
• Nutrient Preservation: Short processing times and minimal exposure to excessive heat help retain healthy fats, vitamins, and antioxidants naturally present in macadamias.

Additionally, optical sorting systems use color and size recognition to remove defective or discolored kernels, ensuring only premium-grade nuts reach the final packaging stage.

Q4: What are the technical requirements for installing macadamia nut processing machines?

Proper installation is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of macadamia processing equipment. Before setup, several technical and infrastructural requirements must be met to ensure smooth integration into your production facility.

• Space Requirements: Adequate floor space is needed for the machine itself, as well as clearance for maintenance, ventilation, and material flow (infeed and outfeed zones).
• Structural Support: The floor must be level and strong enough to support the machine’s weight, especially for larger industrial units that may exceed several tons.
• Electrical Supply: Most machines require a stable three-phase power supply (typically 380V/50Hz or 220V/60Hz, depending on region), with proper grounding and circuit protection.
• Water Supply: Needed for cleaning cycles, cooling systems, or wet processing stages like washing or steam peeling, if applicable.
• Air Compressor: Pneumatic components in sorting, cracking, or conveying systems often require compressed air (6–8 bar pressure) with filtered, dry air lines.
• Drainage and Ventilation: Proper drainage is essential for wastewater, and exhaust systems may be needed for dust or heat generated during processing.

It's recommended to consult with the equipment manufacturer or a qualified technician during the planning phase to ensure all site conditions align with the machine specifications.

Q5: Are there specific processing machines designed exclusively for macadamia nuts?

Yes, there are specialized, integrated processing systems specifically engineered for macadamia nuts. Unlike generic nut processors, these machines are optimized to handle the unique characteristics of macadamias—such as their extremely hard shells and delicate kernels—ensuring maximum yield and quality.

Processing Stage	Function	Machine-Specific Features
Cracking	Breaks the hard outer shell without damaging the kernel	Adjustable rollers with precise gap control; low-impact cracking to reduce kernel breakage
Separating	Removes shell fragments from kernels	Multi-stage air classifiers and sieves tuned for macadamia density and size
Sorting	Identifies and removes defective or foreign material	Optical sorters with color, shape, and size detection; UV or laser inspection for internal defects
Drying	Reduces moisture content to safe storage levels	Controlled-temperature drying tunnels with humidity sensors to prevent over-drying
Integrated Units	Combines multiple functions in one system	End-to-end automation from raw nut input to packaged product; PLC-controlled monitoring

These dedicated systems are available in various configurations—from compact semi-automatic units for small farms to fully automated turnkey lines for large-scale processors—making them the ideal choice for producers committed to quality, efficiency, and consistency in macadamia nut production.