Pcb Gas Detector: Types, Mechanical Properties, and How to Use Them Effectively

Types of PCB Gas Detectors

A PCB gas detector is an advanced safety device designed to identify hazardous gas leaks with high precision and speed. Built around a printed circuit board (PCB), these detectors integrate sensitive electronic components that enable real-time monitoring of gas concentrations, even at extremely low levels such as parts per million (ppm). Timely detection is crucial in preventing explosions, fires, and health hazards in industrial, commercial, and residential environments.

Based on the underlying sensing technology, PCB gas detectors are categorized into several types—each offering unique advantages in sensitivity, durability, and application suitability. Below is a comprehensive overview of the most widely used types in modern safety systems.

Chemical Gas Sensors

Utilize reactive chemical materials to interact with target gases, producing measurable electrical signals upon exposure.

Advantages

• Extremely high sensitivity (detects <1 ppm)
• Fast response time to gas exposure
• Effective for toxic gases like CO and H₂
• Compact and cost-effective design

Limitations

• Limited lifespan due to chemical degradation
• Susceptible to poisoning from contaminants
• Requires periodic recalibration

Best for: Indoor air quality monitoring, laboratories, residential safety systems

Infrared (NDIR) PCB Gas Detector

Employs non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) technology to measure gas concentration by analyzing infrared light absorption.

Advantages

• Highly accurate and stable readings
• Long operational lifespan (no chemical wear)
• Immune to sensor poisoning
• Broad detection range for hydrocarbons

Limitations

• Higher initial cost
• Larger footprint than chemical sensors
• Less effective for non-IR-absorbing gases

Best for: Oil & gas facilities, refineries, HVAC systems, methane monitoring

Catalytic Gas Sensors

Operate using a Wheatstone bridge setup with active and reference catalytic beads to detect combustible gases through oxidation.

Advantages

• Proven reliability in explosive environments
• Effective for a wide range of flammable gases
• Cost-efficient for industrial applications
• Well-established technology with predictable performance

Limitations

• Vulnerable to poisoning by silicones and lead
• Requires oxygen-rich environments to function
• Needs regular maintenance and calibration

Best for: Mining operations, chemical plants, underground parking, confined spaces

Laser-Based Gas Detectors

Use tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to detect specific gas molecules via precise laser wavelength targeting.

Advantages

• Ultra-high sensitivity and selectivity
• Capable of remote sensing (open-path detection)
• Real-time, continuous monitoring
• Ideal for hazardous or inaccessible areas

Limitations

• Significantly higher cost
• Complex installation and alignment
• Sensitive to environmental interference (fog, dust)

Best for: Offshore platforms, pipeline monitoring, environmental research, emergency response

Sensor Type	Sensitivity	Lifespan	Target Gases	Primary Applications
Chemical Sensors	Very High (<1 ppm)	2–3 years	CO, H₂, NH₃, Cl₂	Residential, labs, indoor air quality
Infrared (NDIR)	High	5–10 years	CH₄, C₂H₆, CO₂, hydrocarbons	Industrial, petrochemical, HVAC
Catalytic Bead	Moderate to High	3–5 years	H₂, CH₄, C₃H₈, C₂H₂	Combustible gas monitoring, mining
Laser-Based	Extremely High	8+ years	CH₄, H₂S, CO, specific organics	Remote monitoring, critical infrastructure

Expert Tip: For environments with mixed gas risks, consider combining multiple sensor types (e.g., catalytic for combustibles and NDIR for hydrocarbons) in a multi-sensor PCB gas detector system to ensure comprehensive protection and redundancy.

Materials Used in Gas Leak Detectors: Sensing Elements and Structural Components

Gas leak detectors are essential safety devices used across residential, industrial, and commercial environments to identify the presence of hazardous gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, propane, and natural gas. While these detectors vary in technology—ranging from catalytic bead sensors to infrared and electrochemical systems—the core materials used in their construction remain largely consistent. These materials fall into two main categories: sensitive detection materials that react with gas molecules and inert structural materials that provide durability, portability, and protection.

Sensitive Detection Materials: The Core of Gas Sensing Technology

The effectiveness of a gas leak detector hinges on its ability to detect trace amounts of gas quickly and accurately. This is achieved through specialized sensing materials that undergo measurable physical or chemical changes when exposed to target gases. These materials are integrated into various sensor types, including catalytic sensors, infrared detectors, electrochemical cells, and semiconductor-based systems.

Metal Oxide Semiconductors (MOS)

Commonly based on tin dioxide (SnO₂), metal oxide sensors operate by detecting changes in electrical resistance when gas molecules interact with the heated surface. They are highly sensitive to a wide range of flammable and toxic gases, making them ideal for general-purpose detection in both fixed and portable units.

These sensors are cost-effective and robust, though they may require periodic calibration and can be affected by environmental humidity and temperature fluctuations.

Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

Zinc oxide is widely used in semiconductor gas sensors due to its excellent sensitivity to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reducing gases. When gas molecules adsorb onto the ZnO surface, they alter its conductivity, which the detector interprets as a gas concentration level.

This material is particularly effective in detecting low concentrations of gases like hydrogen and alcohol vapors, often used in indoor air quality monitors and early fire detection systems.

Palladium and Platinum Alloys

Palladium and platinum are noble metals used primarily in catalytic bead (pellistor) sensors. When combustible gases come into contact with the heated catalytic surface, they oxidize, generating heat that changes the resistance of the sensing element.

These materials offer high reliability and selectivity for flammable gases like methane and propane, especially in oil and gas facilities, mining operations, and confined space monitoring. Their long service life and stability under harsh conditions make them industry favorites.

Infrared-Absorbing Materials

In infrared (IR) gas detectors use optical components and materials that absorb specific wavelengths of IR light corresponding to the molecular signature of target gases. Unlike chemical reaction-based sensors, IR detectors do not consume the sensing material, resulting in longer lifespans and minimal drift.

These systems are immune to poisoning and ideal for environments where oxygen levels are low or where continuous monitoring is required, such as in wastewater treatment plants and refrigerant leak detection.

Structural and Housing Materials: Durability Meets Functionality

Beyond the sensitive sensing elements, the physical construction of gas detectors relies on durable, corrosion-resistant materials that protect internal components while ensuring portability and longevity. These inert materials must withstand exposure to moisture, chemicals, extreme temperatures, and mechanical stress.

Stainless Steel: Renowned for its exceptional corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal stability, stainless steel is commonly used in industrial-grade gas detectors. It protects delicate sensor modules from physical damage and harsh environments, especially in chemical plants, refineries, and offshore platforms. Its non-reactive nature ensures that it does not interfere with sensor readings.

Plastics (Polypropylene, ABS, Polycarbonate): High-performance plastics like polypropylene offer excellent chemical resistance and electrical insulation at a fraction of the weight and cost of metals. They are widely used in consumer-grade and portable gas detectors due to their lightweight nature, ease of molding, and impact resistance. Plastic housings also allow for integrated designs with sealed enclosures to prevent moisture ingress.

Aluminum: Lightweight yet strong, aluminum is a preferred choice for portable and handheld gas detection units. It provides good thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding while remaining easy to carry. Anodized aluminum finishes enhance corrosion resistance and aesthetic appeal, making it suitable for field technicians and emergency responders.

Material Type	Primary Use	Key Advantages	Common Applications
Metal Oxide (SnO₂)	Sensing Element	High sensitivity, wide detection range, low cost	Home gas alarms, industrial safety systems
Zinc Oxide (ZnO)	Semiconductor Sensor	Fast response, low-power operation	Air quality monitors, VOC detectors
Palladium/Platinum	Catalytic Bead Sensors	Reliable in explosive environments, long lifespan	Mining, oil & gas, confined space entry
Stainless Steel	Housing/Enclosure	Corrosion-resistant, durable, safe	Industrial fixed detectors, hazardous zones
Polypropylene Plastic	Enclosure/Seals	Lightweight, chemical-resistant, cost-effective	Portable detectors, indoor sensors
Aluminum	Portable Unit Frames	Strong, lightweight, thermally conductive	Field inspection tools, emergency response kits

Important: The performance and safety of a gas leak detector depend heavily on the quality and compatibility of its materials. Using substandard or incompatible components can lead to false readings, sensor failure, or even catastrophic safety risks. Always ensure that detectors meet recognized standards (such as UL, ATEX, or IECEx) and are maintained according to manufacturer guidelines. Regular calibration and inspection are crucial to sustaining accuracy and reliability over time.

Commercial Use Cases for PCB Gas Sensors

PCB (Printed Circuit Board) gas sensors are critical safety devices used across various commercial and industrial environments to detect the presence of hazardous gases. These compact, reliable, and highly sensitive sensors enable early detection of gas leaks, allowing for immediate corrective actions that can prevent health risks, equipment damage, and catastrophic incidents. By integrating seamlessly into monitoring systems, PCB gas sensors play a vital role in protecting personnel, assets, and operations.

Safety Insight: Early gas leak detection not only safeguards human life but also helps companies comply with occupational health and safety regulations, avoid costly shutdowns, and maintain environmental responsibility.

Oil and Gas Industry

One of the most high-risk sectors for gas exposure, the oil and gas industry relies heavily on PCB gas sensors to monitor potentially explosive and toxic gases such as methane (CH₄), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and carbon monoxide (CO).

• Sensors are strategically installed in refineries, offshore platforms, drilling rigs, and pipeline networks for 24/7 surveillance
• Real-time alerts help prevent explosions and asphyxiation in confined or poorly ventilated areas
• Integration with SCADA systems enables remote monitoring and automated shutdown procedures during emergencies

Key Benefit: Continuous monitoring reduces the risk of catastrophic failures in volatile environments.

Chemical Manufacturing Plants

Chemical facilities handle a wide array of volatile and reactive substances, making gas detection essential for worker safety and process integrity.

• PCB sensors detect leaks of chlorine, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and other hazardous compounds used in production
• Fast response times allow operators to initiate emergency ventilation or evacuation protocols
• Multi-gas detection systems provide comprehensive coverage in complex processing zones

Critical Function: Prevents long-term health effects from chronic exposure and mitigates fire or chemical reaction risks.

Mining Operations

Underground mining poses significant atmospheric hazards due to poor ventilation and natural gas accumulation. PCB gas sensors are indispensable for maintaining breathable air quality.

• Monitors critical levels of methane (firedamp), carbon monoxide, and oxygen deficiency
• Wearable and fixed sensors provide real-time data to miners and surface control rooms
• Explosion-proof sensor housings ensure safe operation in flammable environments

Life-Saving Role: Early warning of gas buildup helps prevent suffocation, poisoning, and mine explosions.

Electronics Manufacturing (Laptops, Mobiles, etc.)

Modern electronics manufacturing involves processes that emit harmful gases, especially during soldering, etching, and coating operations.

• PCB gas sensors detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide, and hydrogen gas from chemical reactions
• Ensures compliance with indoor air quality standards in cleanrooms and assembly lines
• Protects sensitive equipment and maintains a safe environment for technicians

Operational Advantage: Reduces absenteeism due to respiratory issues and improves overall workplace safety.

Waste Management & Landfills

Decomposing organic waste produces biogas, primarily composed of methane and VOCs, which pose explosion and environmental risks.

• Gas sensors monitor landfill gas collection systems and leachate treatment areas
• Helps in capturing methane for energy recovery while preventing uncontrolled emissions
• Prevents accumulation of explosive mixtures in enclosed transfer stations

Environmental Impact: Supports sustainability goals by enabling gas-to-energy projects and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Food and Beverage Industry

Refrigeration and food processing rely on gases like ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), both of which can be dangerous if leaked.

• Ammonia leaks in cold storage facilities can cause respiratory damage and are highly flammable
• CO₂ buildup in fermentation or packaging areas can lead to asphyxiation in confined spaces
• Integrated sensors trigger alarms and activate emergency ventilation systems

Compliance Priority: Meets OSHA and FDA requirements for safe handling of industrial refrigerants.

Additional Commercial Applications

• HVAC Systems: Monitor indoor air quality in commercial buildings to detect CO and VOCs from heating systems or furnishings
• Pharmaceutical Labs: Detect solvent vapors and inert gas leaks in controlled environments
• Power Generation: Hydrogen monitoring in generator cooling systems and battery rooms
• Parking Garages: Carbon monoxide detection from vehicle exhaust to ensure safe air circulation
• Data Centers: Fire suppression system monitoring (e.g., FM-200, Novec 1230) to prevent accidental discharge exposure

Industry	Common Gases Detected	Primary Risk	Sensor Placement Examples
Oil & Gas	Methane, H₂S, CO	Explosion, poisoning	Drilling rigs, pipelines, control rooms
Chemical Plants	Chlorine, Ammonia, SO₂	Toxic exposure, corrosion	Reactors, storage tanks, loading bays
Mining	Methane, CO, O₂ deficiency	Asphyxiation, explosion	Tunnels, shafts, ventilation shafts
Electronics Manufacturing	VOCs, CO, H₂	Respiratory issues, fire	Assembly lines, cleanrooms, soldering stations
Waste Management	Methane, VOCs, H₂S	Explosion, odor, pollution	Landfill surfaces, gas wells, transfer stations
Food & Beverage	Ammonia, CO₂, refrigerants	Toxicity, asphyxiation	Cold storage, fermentation rooms, packaging areas

Best Practice: For optimal performance, PCB gas sensors should be regularly calibrated and tested. Combining them with wireless connectivity allows for centralized monitoring and predictive maintenance, enhancing both safety and operational efficiency across commercial sites.

How to Choose the Right PCB Leak Detector: A Comprehensive Buyer’s Guide

Selecting the appropriate PCB leak detector is crucial for ensuring safety, reliability, and efficiency in industrial, manufacturing, and electronics environments. These specialized gas detection devices help identify leaks of hazardous or process gases used in printed circuit board (PCB) production and testing. Choosing the right model involves evaluating several technical and environmental factors to ensure optimal performance and long-term value. This guide explores the key considerations to help you make an informed decision.

Safety Note: Gas leaks in PCB manufacturing environments can pose serious risks, including fire hazards, toxic exposure, and equipment damage. Always ensure your leak detection system is properly calibrated and regularly maintained to guarantee reliable operation.

1. Type of Gas to Be Detected

Identifying the specific gas or gases present in your environment is the first and most critical step in selecting a suitable PCB leak detector. The chemical properties of the gas determine the type of sensor technology required for accurate detection.

• Single-Gas Environments: If your facility uses only one type of gas—such as nitrogen (N₂), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), or argon (Ar)—a single-range detector is sufficient and often more cost-effective.
• Multi-Gas Environments: In settings where multiple gases are used (e.g., during different stages of PCB assembly or testing), a multi-sensor or multi-layer gas detector is recommended. These devices can simultaneously monitor several gases, providing comprehensive protection and reducing the need for multiple standalone units.
• Common Gases in PCB Applications: Include inert gases used in reflow soldering, refrigerants in cooling systems, and specialty gases in plasma etching. Ensure the detector is compatible with the specific gas molecular weight and reactivity.

2. Detection Technology

The detection method significantly impacts accuracy, durability, and suitability for your environment. Different technologies excel under different conditions and for different gas types.

• Infrared (IR) Sensors: Ideal for detecting hydrocarbons and other gases with strong infrared absorption characteristics. IR detectors are highly reliable, require minimal maintenance, and are immune to sensor poisoning, making them excellent for continuous monitoring in cleanroom or high-purity environments.
• Catalytic Bead (Cat-Be) Sensors: Best suited for detecting combustible gases such as hydrogen or methane. These sensors operate by measuring the heat from gas combustion on a catalytic surface. While effective, they can be susceptible to contamination or poisoning by silicones, lead, or sulfur compounds commonly found in some industrial settings.
• Photoionization Detectors (PID): Useful for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may off-gas during PCB manufacturing processes. PIDs offer high sensitivity and fast response times, making them ideal for trace-level detection.
• Electrochemical Sensors: Commonly used for toxic gases like chlorine or ammonia. They provide precise measurements at low concentrations but may have a limited lifespan compared to solid-state sensors.

3. Response Time

Response time refers to how quickly the detector identifies and displays the presence of a target gas after exposure. This is a vital factor in environments where rapid gas release could lead to immediate danger.

• Faster response times (typically under 10–30 seconds) are essential in high-risk areas such as chemical storage zones, reflow ovens, or enclosed testing chambers.
• Slower response detectors may be acceptable in stable, low-risk environments where gas concentrations change gradually.
• For PCB applications involving pressurized systems or vacuum chambers, a fast-responding detector enables early intervention, minimizing downtime and preventing equipment damage.

Pro Tip: Look for detectors with T90 response times specified in the datasheet—this indicates how long it takes to reach 90% of the final reading. A lower T90 means quicker detection and better safety performance.

4. Sensitivity and Accuracy

These two interrelated performance metrics determine the detector’s ability to reliably identify gas leaks at relevant concentrations.

• Sensitivity: Refers to the lowest detectable gas concentration (e.g., parts per million or ppm). High sensitivity is crucial for identifying small leaks before they escalate.
• Accuracy: Measures how closely the detector’s readings match the actual gas concentration. Poor accuracy can lead to false alarms or missed detections.
• Balancing Both: A highly sensitive but inaccurate detector may trigger unnecessary shutdowns, disrupting production. Conversely, a less sensitive unit might fail to detect dangerous levels, compromising safety. Aim for a device that offers both high sensitivity and tight accuracy tolerances (±3–5% of reading).
• For PCB environments, where even minor leaks can affect product quality or process stability, precision is paramount.

5. Environmental Conditions

The operating environment plays a major role in determining which detector will perform reliably over time. Harsh conditions can degrade sensor performance or shorten lifespan if not properly accounted for.

• Temperature Extremes: Some detectors are rated for operation in sub-zero or high-temperature environments (e.g., near soldering equipment). Ensure the unit’s operating range matches your facility’s conditions.
• Humidity: High moisture levels can interfere with certain sensor types, especially electrochemical and catalytic bead sensors. Choose models with humidity compensation or protective filters if operating in damp areas.
• Dust and Particulates: In workshops or production floors, airborne particles can clog sensors or reduce responsiveness. Opt for detectors with IP-rated enclosures (e.g., IP65 or higher) for dust and water resistance.
• Chemical Exposure: Solvents, fluxes, and cleaning agents used in PCB assembly can damage sensitive components. Select detectors with chemically resistant housings and protected sensor ports.

Selection Factor	Recommended Features	Applications in PCB Industry	Potential Risks of Poor Selection
Type of Gas	Single or multi-gas capability; gas-specific calibration	Reflow soldering (N₂), leak testing (SF₆), plasma cleaning (Ar/O₂)	Missed leaks, false alarms, incompatible detection
Detection Technology	IR for hydrocarbons, Cat-Be for combustibles, PID for VOCs	VOC monitoring, inert gas verification, combustible safety	Sensor poisoning, reduced lifespan, inaccurate readings
Response Time	T90 < 30 seconds; real-time digital display	Enclosed test chambers, pressurized systems	Delayed response to leaks, increased hazard exposure
Sensitivity & Accuracy	Detection down to 1 ppm; ±5% accuracy	Trace leak detection, quality control	False positives, undetected hazardous levels
Environmental Durability	IP65+ rating, wide temp range (-20°C to 50°C), humidity compensation	Production floors, cleanrooms, maintenance areas	Sensor failure, frequent recalibration, downtime

Expert Recommendation: When integrating a PCB leak detector into your workflow, consider models with data logging, alarm outputs, and connectivity options (e.g., Bluetooth or 4–20 mA signals). These features enable remote monitoring, compliance reporting, and integration with building management or safety systems.

Additional Selection Tips

• Verify calibration requirements and availability of service support.
• Check for certifications such as ATEX, UL, or CE, especially for use in hazardous locations.
• Consider ease of use—clear displays, intuitive menus, and audible/visual alarms improve operator response.
• Evaluate battery life for portable units or backup power for fixed systems.
• Consult with manufacturers or suppliers to match your specific PCB process requirements.

Choosing the right PCB leak detector is not a one-size-fits-all decision. By carefully assessing the type of gas, detection technology, response speed, accuracy, and environmental demands, you can select a system that enhances safety, supports regulatory compliance, and protects both personnel and equipment. Investing time in proper selection today can prevent costly failures and ensure smooth, uninterrupted operations tomorrow.

Frequently Asked Questions About Gas Detectors

Q1: Which factors should be considered when choosing a gas detector for performance and safety?

Selecting the right gas detector is crucial for ensuring both operational efficiency and personnel safety, especially in environments where hazardous gases may be present. Several key factors must be evaluated to make an informed decision:

• Detection Speed: Fast response time is essential in emergency situations. High-performance detectors can identify gas leaks within seconds, allowing for immediate evacuation or mitigation.
• Accuracy and Sensitivity: The detector should reliably measure gas concentrations at or below permissible exposure limits (PELs). High sensitivity ensures early detection of even trace amounts of dangerous gases like methane, carbon monoxide, or hydrogen sulfide.
• Type of Gas: Different detectors are designed for specific gases—combustible gases (e.g., propane, butane), toxic gases (e.g., chlorine, ammonia), or oxygen deficiency. Choose a model tailored to the gases present in your environment.
• Environmental Conditions: Temperature extremes, humidity, dust, and corrosive atmospheres can affect sensor performance. Look for rugged, weather-resistant models with appropriate IP ratings for outdoor or industrial use.
• Alarm Systems: Effective detectors include visual, audible, and sometimes vibrating alarms to ensure alerts are noticed in noisy or low-visibility conditions.
• Power Source and Battery Life: For portable units, long battery life and low-battery warnings are important. Fixed systems should have backup power options.

By carefully assessing these criteria, users can select a gas detection system that provides reliable, real-time monitoring and enhances overall workplace safety.

Q2: Are gas detectors accurately and reliably employed in commercial, industrial, and residential spaces?

Yes, gas detectors are widely and effectively used across commercial, industrial, and residential settings due to their proven reliability and life-saving capabilities. Their deployment is often mandated by safety regulations and building codes.

• Industrial Applications: In oil refineries, chemical plants, and manufacturing facilities, fixed and portable gas detectors continuously monitor for combustible and toxic gases. They help prevent explosions, fires, and health hazards associated with gas leaks.
• Commercial Buildings: HVAC systems, parking garages, and laboratories use gas detectors to monitor carbon monoxide levels and ensure indoor air quality. These systems integrate with building management systems for automated ventilation or shutdown protocols.
• Residential Use: Homeowners install carbon monoxide and natural gas detectors near furnaces, water heaters, and kitchens. Modern smart detectors can send alerts to smartphones, enhancing responsiveness even when occupants are away.

Advancements in sensor technology—such as electrochemical, catalytic bead, and infrared sensors—have significantly improved accuracy and reduced false alarms. Regular calibration and maintenance further ensure long-term reliability, making gas detectors indispensable tools for protecting people and property in diverse environments.

Q3: What is the importance of the materials used in the hydrocarbon detector?

The materials used in hydrocarbon gas detectors are critical to their performance, durability, and safety compliance. Since hydrocarbons like methane, propane, and butane are highly flammable, the construction of the detector must withstand harsh operating conditions while maintaining precise functionality.

• Corrosion Resistance: Detectors exposed to moisture, chemicals, or salt air require housings made from corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or high-grade polymers to prevent degradation.
• Explosion-Proof Design: In hazardous areas, detectors must be housed in intrinsically safe enclosures that prevent internal sparks from igniting external flammable gases—often meeting ATEX or IECEx standards.
• Sensor Compatibility: Internal components must be chemically inert to avoid interfering with sensor readings. For example, catalytic bead sensors used in combustible gas detection rely on precise material compositions to facilitate oxidation reactions safely.
• Thermal and UV Stability: Outdoor detectors must endure extreme temperatures and UV exposure without warping or losing calibration. Materials like polycarbonate blends offer excellent thermal resilience.
• Lifespan and Maintenance: High-quality materials reduce wear and tear, extending service intervals and lowering total cost of ownership over time.

In summary, robust material selection ensures that hydrocarbon detectors remain accurate, safe, and functional throughout their operational life, even under demanding environmental stresses.

Q4: Do PCB gas detectors come in various types?

Yes, PCB (Printed Circuit Board) gas detectors come in multiple configurations, each engineered to detect specific gases using distinct sensing technologies. The PCB serves as the central nervous system of the device, integrating sensors, processors, power regulation, and communication modules for optimal performance.

Detector Type	Working Principle	Target Gases	Common Applications
Catalytic Bead Detectors	Measures heat from gas combustion on a catalytic surface	Combustible gases (methane, propane)	Oil & gas, mining, confined spaces
Electrochemical Sensors	Generates current proportional to gas concentration via chemical reaction	Toxic gases (CO, H₂S, SO₂, NO₂)	Industrial safety, environmental monitoring
Infrared (NDIR) Detectors	Uses infrared absorption to measure gas concentration	Hydrocarbons, CO₂	Refineries, HVAC, indoor air quality
Laser-Based Detectors	Laser spectroscopy detects specific gas absorption lines	Methane, ethylene, trace gases	Pipeline monitoring, emissions control

Each type integrates specialized components onto the PCB, enabling signal processing, temperature compensation, digital output, and connectivity (e.g., 4–20 mA, Modbus, wireless). This modular design allows manufacturers to customize detectors for accuracy, response time, and environmental resilience, ensuring optimal performance across diverse industries.