Inside Polyester Folded Chairs: Technical Details, Quality Standards, and Applications

Types of Polyester-Folded Chairs

Polyester-folded chairs are versatile, durable, and stylish seating solutions widely used for events, gatherings, and everyday settings. Made with a polyester fabric cover over a padded seat and backrest, these chairs combine comfort, aesthetics, and practicality. The fabric is resistant to wear, fading, and staining, making it ideal for both indoor and outdoor use. Below is a detailed breakdown of the most common types of polyester-folded chairs available today.

Standard Folding Chairs

These are the most widely used polyester-folded chairs, designed for general-purpose seating in homes, schools, offices, and event venues.

Advantages

• Durable steel or aluminum frame for long-term use
• Comfortable padded seat and backrest with breathable polyester fabric
• Easy to fold and stack for compact storage
• Affordable and widely available

Limitations

• Less elegant for formal events
• May lack lumbar support for extended sitting
• Basic design offers minimal aesthetic customization

Best for: Community events, classrooms, meetings, and casual gatherings

Cross-Back Folding Chairs

Known for their distinctive X-shaped backrest, these chairs blend rustic charm with ergonomic support, making them a favorite for weddings and banquets.

Advantages

• Ergonomic design provides excellent back support
• Stylish appearance enhances event decor
• Soft polyester upholstery adds comfort during long events
• Durable frame construction ensures stability

Limitations

• Heavier than standard folding chairs
• More expensive than basic models
• Limited color options in some brands

Best for: Weddings, receptions, banquets, and semi-formal events

Chiavari-Style Folding Chairs

Originating from Italy, Chiavari chairs are synonymous with elegance and sophistication. These are often used in upscale events and feature sleek lines and refined finishes.

Advantages

• Available in premium finishes (gold, silver, black, white)
• Vibrant polyester upholstery adds color and style
• Timeless design suits both modern and classic themes
• Foldable and stackable despite elegant appearance

Limitations

• Higher cost compared to standard chairs
• May require protective covers during transport
• Less padding in some models affects comfort over time

Best for: Galas, formal weddings, luxury events, and high-end venues

Mahogany Chiavari Chairs

A variation of the classic Chiavari design, these chairs feature a rich mahogany-toned frame, offering a warm, traditional aesthetic with a touch of vintage elegance.

Advantages

• Beautiful wood-grain finish enhances decor
• Lightweight yet sturdy construction
• Ideal for rustic, vintage, or heritage-themed events
• Polyester seat cushion provides comfort and durability

Limitations

• Wood-like materials may chip if mishandled
• Not as weather-resistant for prolonged outdoor use
• Fewer color customization options

Best for: Vintage weddings, country estates, heritage celebrations

Polyester Upholstered Banquet Chairs

These are heavy-duty chairs designed for long-duration events, featuring generous padding and high-quality polyester fabric for enhanced comfort and durability.

Advantages

• Extra padding on seat and back for all-day comfort
• Professional appearance suitable for conferences and banquets
• Wide range of fabric colors to match event themes
• Sturdy frame supports extended use

Limitations

• Bulkier and heavier than standard chairs
• Higher storage space requirement
• Premium pricing for fully padded models

Best for: Conferences, award dinners, corporate events, and long ceremonies

Plastic Folding Chairs with Polyester Upholstery

A hybrid design combining a lightweight plastic frame with a polyester-upholstered seat, offering a balance of affordability and comfort.

Advantages

• Extremely lightweight and easy to carry
• Weather-resistant and ideal for outdoor use
• Available in multiple colors to match event decor
• Cost-effective for large-scale events

Limitations

• Less durable than metal-framed chairs
• Limited structural support for taller or heavier users
• Upholstery may detach over time with frequent use

Best for: Outdoor parties, picnics, community festivals, and budget-conscious events

Chair Type	Durability	Comfort	Style	Best Use Case
Standard Folding	High	Good	Basic	Everyday events, schools, meetings
Cross-Back	High	Very Good	Stylish/Rustic	Weddings, banquets
Chiavari-Style	Very High	Good	Elegant/Formal	Galas, upscale events
Mahogany Chiavari	High	Good	Vintage/Classic	Themed weddings, heritage events
Banquet Chairs	Very High	Excellent	Professional	Conferences, long events
Plastic Folding	Medium	Fair	Simple/Colorful	Outdoor, budget events

Expert Tip: When selecting polyester-folded chairs for outdoor use, ensure the fabric is UV-resistant and the frame is rust-proof or corrosion-resistant to extend longevity and maintain appearance over time.

Design of Polyester-Folded Chairs: A Comprehensive Guide

Polyester-folded chairs are a popular choice in both residential and commercial settings due to their blend of aesthetic versatility, structural durability, and practical functionality. Designed for temporary or flexible seating, these chairs are widely used in events, conferences, weddings, and outdoor gatherings. Their design integrates modern materials and engineering principles to deliver comfort, portability, and visual appeal across diverse environments.

Key Design Elements of Polyester-Folded Chairs

Aesthetic Appeal

The visual design of polyester folding chairs plays a pivotal role in enhancing event decor and complementing thematic setups. These chairs are available in a broad spectrum of colors—from classic neutrals like ivory, black, and gray to vibrant tones such as royal blue, emerald green, or crimson red. Many models feature intricate patterns, textured weaves, or metallic finishes that elevate their elegance.

Manufacturers often use high-quality, fade-resistant polyester fabric that maintains its color and luster even after repeated use and exposure to sunlight. The chair frames are typically sleek and minimalist, with styles inspired by traditional designs like Chiavari, cross-back, or modern cantilever forms. This fusion of fabric and frame design ensures the chairs blend seamlessly into formal banquets, garden parties, or corporate events.

Ergonomics and Comfort

While most polyester folding chairs are not heavily padded, their ergonomic design prioritizes user comfort during extended sitting periods. The seat and backrest are contoured to support the natural curvature of the spine, reducing pressure on the lower back and improving posture.

Some premium models include lightly cushioned seats or breathable mesh inserts for added comfort and airflow, particularly beneficial in warm climates. The armrests—when present—are shaped to provide a natural resting position for the arms, minimizing shoulder strain. Rounded edges and smooth fabric finishes prevent skin irritation, making them suitable for all age groups.

Structural Integrity and Weight Distribution

Polyester folding chairs are engineered to support average adult weights—typically ranging from 250 to 300 pounds—without compromising stability. The frame is usually constructed from lightweight yet durable materials such as powder-coated steel or aircraft-grade aluminum, which resist rust, corrosion, and deformation.

The integration of reinforced joints, cross-bracing, and double-riveted hinges enhances structural resilience. Weight is evenly distributed across the frame through strategically placed support points, reducing stress on individual components. This balanced load distribution not only improves safety but also extends the chair’s lifespan, even under frequent use.

Portability and Storage

One of the defining features of polyester folding chairs is their ease of transport and compact storage. The folding mechanism—typically a scissor-style hinge—allows the chair to collapse flat in seconds, reducing its footprint by up to 70%. This makes stacking and storing large quantities efficient and space-saving.

Weighing between 7 to 12 pounds depending on materials, these chairs are easy to carry and set up without requiring tools. Many models come with built-in carrying handles or stackable designs that allow for quick deployment at event venues. Their lightweight nature also reduces labor costs and logistical challenges for event planners.

Versatility

Polyester folding chairs are highly adaptable, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. They are commonly used in weddings, conferences, church gatherings, outdoor festivals, and school functions. Their neutral or customizable appearance allows them to fit into both formal and casual environments.

Many models offer optional accessories such as seat cushions, cup holders, or name tags, further enhancing their utility. Additionally, the fabric can be customized with logos or branding, making them a valuable promotional tool for businesses and organizations. Their ability to combine elegance with practicality makes them a go-to solution for modern event management.

Material and Durability

The polyester fabric used in these chairs is selected for its strength, colorfastness, and resistance to moisture, mildew, and UV degradation. It is often treated with protective coatings to enhance longevity and ease of cleaning. Spills and stains can typically be wiped away with a damp cloth and mild detergent.

Frames are powder-coated to prevent chipping and rust, ensuring they remain visually appealing and structurally sound over time. The combination of high-performance textiles and robust metalwork results in a product that withstands frequent folding, transportation, and exposure to varying weather conditions—especially important for outdoor events.

Design Feature	Functionality	Benefits
Polyester Fabric Seat	Provides color variety, durability, and weather resistance	Enhances visual appeal; easy to clean; suitable for indoor/outdoor use
Aluminum/Steel Frame	Ensures strength and lightweight construction	Durable yet portable; resists corrosion and wear
Folding Hinge Mechanism	Enables compact storage and quick setup	Saves space; reduces labor and storage costs
Ergonomic Contouring	Supports natural posture and comfort	Reduces fatigue during long events
Stackable Design	Facilitates organized storage and transport	Ideal for venues with limited storage space

Best Practices for Use and Maintenance

Regular Cleaning: Wipe down the polyester fabric with a damp cloth and mild soap after each use. Avoid harsh chemicals that may degrade the fabric or coating.

Inspect for Damage: Check hinges, rivets, and welds periodically for signs of wear, bending, or corrosion. Replace damaged chairs promptly to prevent accidents.

Proper Storage: Store chairs in a dry, covered area when not in use. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or moisture to extend fabric and frame life.

Stack Carefully: Follow manufacturer guidelines for stacking height to prevent warping or frame stress.

Handle with Care: Open and fold chairs using both hands to avoid misalignment of hinges or frame damage.

Important: Always adhere to the manufacturer's weight capacity and usage guidelines. Overloading or improper handling can lead to structural failure and safety hazards. Regular maintenance not only ensures longevity but also maintains the chair’s appearance and performance, protecting your investment over time.

Scenarios of Polyester-Folded Chairs

Polyester-folded chairs are among the most versatile and practical seating solutions available today. Their combination of comfort, durability, and portability makes them ideal for a wide range of environments—from formal events to casual outdoor gatherings. Designed with a lightweight frame and soft, resilient polyester upholstery, these chairs offer both aesthetic appeal and functional efficiency. Whether used for short-term events or long-term installations, they provide reliable seating that adapts easily to changing spatial and logistical demands.

Events and Banquets

Polyester-folded chairs are a staple in formal and semi-formal events such as weddings, receptions, award ceremonies, and corporate banquets. Their elegant appearance—often enhanced with neutral or customizable fabric colors—complements sophisticated décor and elevates the overall ambiance of the venue.

• Available in a wide range of upholstery colors to match event themes and branding
• Foldable design allows for rapid setup and breakdown, optimizing labor and time efficiency
• Plush padding and ergonomic support ensure guest comfort during extended events
• Stackable feature simplifies transportation and storage between events

Pro tip: Pair with chair covers or sashes for a premium look at high-end functions.

Conference and Meeting Spaces

In corporate offices, training centers, and educational institutions, polyester-folded chairs are widely used for meetings, seminars, workshops, and presentations. Their professional aesthetic and functional design support a productive and organized environment.

• Streamlined profile maintains a clean, business-appropriate appearance
• Easy reconfiguration enables flexible room layouts—from U-shapes to theater-style seating
• Durable construction withstands daily use in high-traffic meeting rooms
• Lightweight frames allow staff to rearrange spaces without physical strain

Key benefit: Supports dynamic workspaces that adapt to hybrid meetings, team collaborations, or guest lectures.

Community Halls and Religious Institutions

Churches, community centers, cultural associations, and nonprofit organizations frequently rely on polyester-folded chairs for their versatility and ease of management. These venues often host diverse events—from worship services to youth programs and town halls—requiring adaptable seating solutions.

• Lightweight and stackable design enables quick transformation of multipurpose rooms
• Resilient polyester fabric resists spills, stains, and frequent cleaning
• Cost-effective alternative to built-in seating, especially for smaller or shared facilities
• Long-lasting frames support repeated use with minimal maintenance

Smart solution: Ideal for congregations with fluctuating attendance or limited space.

Outdoor Events and Venues

Polyester-folded chairs are increasingly popular for outdoor concerts, festivals, garden parties, and public gatherings. Many models are designed with weather-resistant coatings and UV-stable fabrics to endure sun, light rain, and temperature fluctuations.

• Weather-resistant frames and treated fabrics resist rust, fading, and moisture damage
• Lightweight construction allows for easy transport to parks, beaches, or remote locations
• Stable leg designs perform well on grass, gravel, or uneven terrain
• Quick deployment supports temporary seating needs without permanent installation

Usage note: For extended outdoor use, store chairs when not in use to prolong lifespan.

Expert Recommendation: When selecting polyester-folded chairs, consider the frequency of use, storage conditions, and aesthetic requirements. For high-traffic venues, opt for models with reinforced frames and antimicrobial fabric treatments. For visual cohesion, choose chairs that align with your organization’s color scheme or event branding. Investing in higher-quality models may reduce long-term replacement and maintenance costs.

Setting	Key Features Utilized	Recommended Chair Specifications	Expected Lifespan
Weddings & Formal Events	Upholstery variety, elegance, stackability	Padded seat/back, neutral fabric, chair covers compatible	5–7 years (with proper care)
Corporate Meetings	Durability, easy setup, professional look	Reinforced frame, stain-resistant fabric, ergonomic design	6–8 years
Community & Religious Centers	Lightweight, stackable, cost-effective	Quick-fold mechanism, easy-clean fabric, modular storage	5–10 years (moderate use)
Outdoor Festivals & Parks	Weather resistance, portability, stability	UV-protected fabric, rust-resistant frame, non-slip feet	3–5 years (seasonal use)

Additional Considerations

• Maintenance: Regular cleaning with mild detergent preserves fabric appearance and hygiene, especially in shared environments.
• Accessibility: Ensure adequate spacing between chairs to accommodate mobility devices and comply with ADA guidelines.
• Storage: Use stackable carts or vertical racks to maximize space and prevent damage during storage.
• Eco-Friendliness: Some manufacturers offer chairs made from recycled polyester or sustainable materials—ideal for environmentally conscious organizations.
• Customization: Branded embroidery or logo printing can enhance corporate identity or event personalization.

Specifications and Maintenance of Polyester-Folded Chairs

Polyester-folded chairs are a popular choice for events, homes, and commercial spaces due to their blend of durability, comfort, and portability. Understanding their key specifications and proper maintenance practices is essential to maximize their lifespan and ensure continued performance. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of material composition, structural design, care routines, and storage best practices to help you get the most out of your folding chairs.

Important Note: While polyester-folded chairs are built for resilience, improper handling or neglect can lead to premature wear. Always follow manufacturer guidelines and avoid exposing chairs to extreme weather conditions for prolonged periods, especially if not designed for outdoor use.

Key Specifications of Polyester-Folded Chairs

Polyester-folded chairs are engineered for both functionality and comfort. Their construction combines robust materials with thoughtful design to deliver reliable performance in various settings—from indoor gatherings to outdoor events.

• Frame Construction: The frame is typically made from high-strength steel or lightweight aluminum, offering a balance between durability and portability. Steel frames provide superior load-bearing capacity, while aluminum options are ideal for frequent transport due to their reduced weight.
• Corrosion Resistance: Many models feature powder-coated or galvanized finishes that protect against rust and corrosion. This makes them suitable for both indoor and outdoor environments, including patios, gardens, and event tents.
• Upholstery Materials: Seats and backrests are padded with high-density foam for enhanced comfort during extended use. The foam is designed to retain its shape over time, minimizing sagging and ensuring consistent support.
• Polyester Fabric: The upholstery is covered in tightly woven polyester fabric known for its stain resistance, tear strength, and ease of cleaning. It resists fading from UV exposure and maintains its appearance even after repeated use.
• Design & Customization: Available in a wide range of colors and patterns, these chairs can be matched to décor themes or branding requirements. Some models even offer custom embroidery or logo printing for corporate or event-specific use.
• Folding Mechanism: A seamless hinge system allows the chair to fold flat for compact storage and easy transportation. Most mechanisms are self-locking, ensuring stability when open and preventing accidental collapse during use.

Essential Maintenance Tips for Longevity

Regular maintenance not only preserves the appearance of polyester-folded chairs but also ensures structural integrity and user safety. Implementing a simple care routine can significantly extend the service life of your chairs.

• Daily Cleaning: Wipe down the fabric surfaces with a soft, damp cloth and a mild soap solution. This removes dust, spills, and light stains without damaging the material. Avoid abrasive scrubbing to prevent fiber wear.
• Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Never use bleach, ammonia, or strong solvents on polyester fabric, as they can degrade the fibers and cause discoloration. Stick to pH-neutral cleaners specifically formulated for synthetic fabrics.
• Inspect the Folding Mechanism: Regularly check hinges, joints, and locking mechanisms for dirt, debris, or signs of wear. Clean with a soft brush or dry cloth, and ensure moving parts operate smoothly without resistance.
• Lubricate Hinges: Apply a silicone-based lubricant (not oil-based) to metal hinges every 3–6 months to prevent squeaking and ensure smooth folding/unfolding. Excess lubricant should be wiped off to avoid attracting dust.
• Check for Structural Damage: Periodically examine the frame for cracks, bends, or rust spots—especially on weld points and load-bearing areas. Address minor rust early with touch-up paint to prevent further corrosion.

Pro Tip: After outdoor events, especially in humid or rainy conditions, allow chairs to air dry completely before storing. Trapped moisture can lead to mold growth on fabric and accelerate metal corrosion.

Upholstery and Frame Care Best Practices

To maintain both comfort and aesthetics, proactive fabric and frame care is essential. These steps help prevent common issues associated with frequent use and environmental exposure.

• Fabric Protector Application: Treat the polyester upholstery with a fabric guard spray every 6–12 months. This adds an invisible layer that repels liquids, prevents staining, and reduces wear from friction.
• Spot Cleaning Stains: For spills or stains, blot immediately with a clean cloth. Use a mixture of water and mild detergent, gently dab the area, then rinse with a damp cloth and allow to air dry.
• Metal Frame Inspection: Inspect frames quarterly for signs of rust, especially in coastal or high-humidity areas. Light surface rust can be removed with fine steel wool and a rust inhibitor.
• Tighten Fasteners: Over time, bolts and screws may loosen due to repeated folding. Periodically check and tighten all hardware to maintain structural stability and safety.

Optimal Storage Conditions

Proper storage is crucial to preserving the condition of polyester-folded chairs between uses. Poor storage can lead to unnecessary wear, fabric damage, and shortened lifespan.

• Store in a Dry, Shaded Area: Keep chairs in a climate-controlled or covered environment to protect against moisture, direct sunlight, and temperature extremes. UV rays can degrade polyester over time, leading to fading and brittleness.
• Avoid Over-Stacking: Stack chairs no more than 10–12 high to prevent fabric stretching or frame deformation. Excessive pressure can cause permanent creases in the upholstery or misalignment of hinges.
• Prevent Snags and Scratches: Ensure chairs are clean and dry before stacking. Avoid placing sharp objects near stored chairs, and consider using protective padding between layers if stacking long-term.
• Use Chair Covers: For extended storage (e.g., seasonal or off-event periods), use breathable chair covers to shield against dust, pests, and accidental spills. Vinyl or fabric covers with ventilation help prevent moisture buildup.

Maintenance Task	Frequency	Recommended Tools/Products	Benefits
Surface Cleaning	After each use	Soft cloth, mild soap, water	Removes dirt and prevents stains
Hinge Lubrication	Every 3–6 months	Silicone spray, lint-free cloth	Ensures smooth operation, prevents wear
Fabric Protection	Every 6–12 months	Fabric guard spray	Repels spills, reduces fading
Frame Inspection	Quarterly	Flashlight, rust inhibitor	Prevents structural failure
Tighten Hardware	Bi-annually or as needed	Wrench or screwdriver set	Maintains stability and safety

Expert Insight: Investing a few minutes in regular maintenance saves time and money in the long run. Well-maintained polyester-folded chairs can last 5–10 years or more, making them a cost-effective solution for temporary seating needs.

Final Recommendations

• Keep a maintenance log to track cleaning, inspections, and repairs for each chair or set.
• Rotate chairs during events to distribute wear evenly across your inventory.
• Replace damaged parts (e.g., broken hinges, torn fabric) promptly to avoid further damage.
• Train staff or users on proper handling techniques to minimize accidental damage.
• Consider professional deep cleaning for large sets every 1–2 years to restore appearance and hygiene.

By understanding the specifications and committing to consistent care, you can ensure your polyester-folded chairs remain comfortable, safe, and visually appealing for years to come. Whether used at home, in offices, or at large events, proper maintenance transforms these practical furnishings into long-term assets.

Frequently Asked Questions About Polyester-Folded Chairs

Q1. Which materials are used to make polyester-folded chairs?

Polyester-folded chairs are engineered for durability, comfort, and portability, using a combination of high-quality materials in different components:

• Frame: Typically constructed from lightweight yet sturdy metals such as aluminum or steel. Aluminum is favored for its rust resistance and ease of transport, making it ideal for both indoor and outdoor environments.
• Seat and Backrest: These areas usually feature high-density foam padding that provides ergonomic support and enhances user comfort during extended use.
• Upholstery: Covered in stain-resistant polyester fabric, which is not only durable but also available in a wide range of colors and textures. This makes the chairs both functional and aesthetically versatile for events, homes, or offices.
• Folding Mechanism: Made from reinforced steel joints and hinges, ensuring smooth operation and long-term reliability even with frequent setup and takedown.
• Finish: Many frames include a powder-coated or anodized finish to protect against corrosion, scratches, and environmental wear—especially important for outdoor applications.

Together, these materials create a balanced design that prioritizes strength, comfort, and ease of maintenance.

Q2. What is the weight capacity of polyester-folded chairs?

The load-bearing capability of polyester-folded chairs varies slightly by model and construction, but most standard designs support a weight capacity between 220 to 300 pounds (100 to 136 kg). Key factors influencing this range include:

• Frame Material: Chairs with heavy-duty steel frames generally offer higher weight limits compared to those made with lighter aluminum, though aluminum models still maintain strong structural integrity.
• Joint Reinforcement: Double-riveted or welded connection points at stress areas (like leg intersections and folding hinges) enhance stability and load distribution.
• Seat Fabric Tension: The polyester upholstery is tightly woven and stretched over the foam base to resist sagging under pressure, contributing to overall support.
• Certification Standards: Many commercial-grade chairs are tested to meet BIFMA (Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association) standards, ensuring safety and performance under regular use.

For heavy-duty or commercial applications, look for chairs labeled as "reinforced" or "industrial-grade," which may support up to 330 lbs or more. Always check the manufacturer’s specifications before purchase to ensure suitability for your intended use.

Q3. How does the folding mechanism work in polyester-folded chairs?

The folding mechanism in these chairs is designed for both convenience and durability, enabling quick setup and compact storage. It typically operates as follows:

• Dual Parallel Arms: Two metal support arms run along the sides of the chair, connecting the front and rear legs. They pivot around a central horizontal rod located near the junction of the back and seat legs.
• Locking Bar: A sliding crossbar moves between the parallel arms and automatically engages when the chair is fully opened. This lock prevents accidental collapse during use, enhancing safety.
• U-Shaped Bracket: Positioned snugly against the pivot rod, this bracket stabilizes the frame in both open and folded positions, minimizing wobble and ensuring smooth transitions.
• Spring-Assisted Action (in some models): Higher-end versions may include spring-loaded mechanisms that assist in opening and closing, reducing effort and wear over time.

This robust engineering allows for thousands of folding cycles without significant degradation, making these chairs ideal for event planners, educational institutions, and home use where space efficiency is key.

Q4. How should I clean and maintain polyester-folded chairs?

Proper cleaning helps extend the lifespan of your chairs and keeps them looking fresh for every use. Follow these best practices for effective maintenance:

1. Dry Cleaning: Begin by using a soft brush or vacuum attachment to remove dust, dirt, and debris from the fabric surface and crevices around the frame.
2. Spot Cleaning: Mix a solution of mild detergent and lukewarm water. Dampen a clean cloth (do not soak) and gently wipe the stained or soiled areas in a circular motion.
3. Rinsing: Use a second clean, damp cloth to wipe away any soap residue, preventing buildup that can attract more dirt.
4. Drying: Allow the chairs to air-dry completely in a well-ventilated area, preferably upright to promote airflow. Avoid direct sunlight or heat sources that could damage the fabric or warp the frame.
5. Stain Treatment: For stubborn stains, consult the manufacturer’s care label. Use a fabric-safe, pH-balanced upholstery cleaner specifically designed for polyester. Always test on a small, hidden area first to ensure colorfastness.
6. Frame Maintenance: Wipe down metal parts with a dry or slightly damp cloth. Check hinges and joints periodically for debris or corrosion, especially after outdoor use.

Avoid using bleach, abrasive scrubbers, or high-pressure washers, as these can degrade the fabric and compromise the frame’s protective coating. With regular care, polyester-folded chairs can remain functional and attractive for years.