Types of Solid State Voltage Stabilizers
A solid state voltage stabilizer is an advanced electronic device designed to maintain a consistent output voltage despite fluctuations in the input supply. These stabilizers are essential for protecting sensitive equipment from voltage sags, surges, and instability. Understanding the different types of stabilizers helps in selecting the right model based on application requirements, load sensitivity, and environmental conditions.
Unlike traditional mechanical stabilizers, solid state variants use electronic components instead of moving parts, resulting in faster response times, reduced maintenance, and longer service life. Below is a detailed breakdown of the most common types of solid state voltage stabilizers available today.
Automatic Voltage Stabilizer
Automatically detects input voltage variations and adjusts output to maintain a stable level without user intervention.
Advantages
- Continuous voltage regulation
- No manual adjustments required
- Reliable for fluctuating power grids
- Ideal for unattended operations
Limitations
- Slower correction than static types
- May use relays with limited lifespan
- Less precise than servo or digital models
Best for: Industrial machinery, commercial centers, HVAC systems, and facilities with unstable power supply
Servo Stabilizer
Uses a servo motor coupled with a variable transformer to precisely control voltage output based on feedback mechanisms.
Advantages
- High voltage regulation accuracy (±1%)
- Handles wide input voltage ranges
- Smooth and continuous correction
- Suitable for high-power applications
Limitations
- Contains moving parts (servo motor)
- Requires periodic maintenance
- Slower response than fully static systems
Best for: Data centers, medical equipment, CNC machines, and laboratories requiring precision voltage control
Static Voltage Stabilizer
Utilizes power electronics like IGBTs or thyristors instead of mechanical components to regulate voltage instantly and efficiently.
Advantages
- No moving parts – maintenance-free
- Ultra-fast response time (microseconds)
- High efficiency and reliability
- Excellent for dynamic load conditions
Limitations
- Higher initial cost
- Complex circuitry requires skilled servicing
- Potential heat generation under heavy loads
Best for: Telecommunication systems, semiconductor manufacturing, UPS integration, and mission-critical industrial processes
Digital Voltage Stabilizer
Equipped with microprocessors or DSPs to monitor and control voltage with high precision and real-time diagnostics.
Advantages
- Precise voltage control with digital feedback
- Real-time display of input/output voltage, current, and status
- Programmable settings and fault detection
- Self-diagnostic and protection features
Limitations
- More expensive than analog counterparts
- Software-dependent operation
- Potential firmware issues
Best for: Research labs, calibration equipment, server rooms, and environments requiring data logging and remote monitoring
Line Interactive Stabilizer
Combines voltage correction with battery backup functionality, making it a hybrid between a stabilizer and UPS.
Advantages
- Corrects minor voltage fluctuations without switching to battery
- Energy efficient and cost-effective
- Provides backup during outages
- Compact and suitable for small setups
Limitations
- Limited correction range for severe voltage drops
- Battery requires replacement over time
- Not ideal for heavy industrial loads
Best for: Home offices, personal computers, routers, and small business setups where both stabilization and short-term backup are needed
| Type | Response Time | Accuracy | Maintenance | Best Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automatic Voltage Stabilizer | Moderate | ±5% | Low | General industrial & commercial use |
| Servo Stabilizer | Slow to Moderate | ±1% | Moderate | Precision equipment, medical devices |
| Static Voltage Stabilizer | Very Fast (µs) | ±2% | Very Low | Heavy industry, telecom, UPS systems |
| Digital Voltage Stabilizer | Fast | ±1% or better | Low | Laboratories, sensitive electronics |
| Line Interactive Stabilizer | Moderate | ±5% to ±10% | Low (battery maintenance) | Home/office electronics, PCs, networking |
Expert Tip: For environments with frequent voltage fluctuations and sensitive equipment, consider combining a static or digital stabilizer with a surge protector and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for comprehensive power quality management.
Final Recommendation: Choosing the right solid state voltage stabilizer depends on your specific needs—whether it's precision, speed, backup capability, or cost-efficiency. Always match the stabilizer’s capacity and features to the connected load and power conditions for optimal performance and equipment protection.
Function, Features, and Design of Solid-State Voltage Stabilizer
Solid-state voltage stabilizers are essential components in modern electrical systems, ensuring stable and reliable power delivery. By regulating voltage levels, they protect sensitive electronic equipment from the damaging effects of fluctuations, surges, and inconsistent supply. These stabilizers are widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial environments where consistent voltage is critical for optimal performance and equipment longevity.
Core Functions of Solid-State Voltage Stabilizers
Unlike traditional mechanical stabilizers, solid-state models use advanced electronic circuitry to deliver precise and rapid voltage control. Their primary role is to maintain a consistent output voltage regardless of input variations, ensuring seamless operation of connected devices.
Voltage Regulation
The primary function of a solid-state voltage stabilizer is to maintain a constant output voltage despite fluctuations in the input supply. This regulation is typically maintained within tight tolerances—often ±1% to ±5%—depending on the design and application requirements.
This capability is crucial for equipment such as medical devices, data servers, and precision manufacturing tools, which require stable voltage to operate efficiently and safely. The stabilizer continuously monitors input voltage and adjusts accordingly using semiconductor-based control systems.
Fluctuation Correction
Solid-state stabilizers detect voltage deviations in real time and respond instantly by adjusting the output through electronic switching mechanisms. This automatic correction process involves microcontroller-driven feedback loops that analyze voltage changes and trigger corrective actions within milliseconds.
This fast and accurate response prevents performance degradation in appliances and reduces stress on internal components, significantly extending the lifespan of electrical and electronic systems.
Surge Protection
In addition to regulating voltage, solid-state stabilizers offer robust protection against sudden voltage spikes caused by lightning strikes, grid switching, or power outages. These surges can reach thousands of volts and pose a serious threat to sensitive electronics.
Integrated surge suppression components—such as Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs), transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes, or gas discharge tubes—divert excess energy away from connected equipment, preventing damage and downtime.
Efficiency Improvement
By delivering a stable and clean power supply, solid-state stabilizers enhance the overall efficiency of electrical systems. Voltage fluctuations force devices to draw more current to compensate, leading to overheating, increased energy consumption, and reduced efficiency.
With stabilized voltage, equipment operates at its designed specifications, minimizing energy waste and improving performance. This results in lower electricity bills, reduced thermal stress, and longer service life for motors, compressors, and electronic circuits.
Key Features of Solid-State Voltage Stabilizers
The technological advantages of solid-state stabilizers stem from their advanced design and component selection. These features make them ideal for applications requiring high reliability, minimal maintenance, and compact installation.
Design Principles and Engineering Considerations
The design of a solid-state voltage stabilizer involves careful integration of electronic components, thermal management systems, and load-handling capabilities. Each element is optimized to ensure durability, efficiency, and performance under varying conditions.
Circuit Configuration
The internal circuitry of a solid-state stabilizer can be based on either linear or switching regulation techniques, each with distinct advantages:
- Linear Regulators: Provide smooth, noise-free output but are less efficient and generate more heat. Best suited for low-power, precision applications.
- Switching Regulators: Use pulse-width modulation (PWM) to adjust voltage efficiently, offering higher efficiency (up to 90%) and better heat management. Ideal for medium to high-power applications.
Modern stabilizers often combine both approaches or use advanced buck-boost topologies to achieve wide input voltage ranges and high stability.
Heat Management
Electronic components such as MOSFETs, IGBTs, and regulators generate heat during operation. Effective thermal design is critical to prevent overheating and ensure long-term reliability.
Common cooling methods include:
- Heat Sinks: Passive aluminum or copper fins that dissipate heat naturally.
- Fans: Active cooling for higher-power units, often with temperature-controlled speed regulation.
- Liquid Cooling (in high-end models): Used in industrial-grade stabilizers for superior heat dissipation.
Load Capacity
The design must align with the intended load requirements. Load capacity is typically measured in kVA or kW and determines the maximum power the stabilizer can handle.
Design considerations include:
- Residential Units: Typically range from 1 kVA to 10 kVA, supporting air conditioners, refrigerators, and home entertainment systems.
- Commercial/Industrial Units: Range from 10 kVA to over 1000 kVA, designed for CNC machines, medical imaging systems, data centers, and production lines.
Overloading can lead to tripping, overheating, or failure, so proper sizing and safety margins are essential during the design phase.
Control and Monitoring
Advanced stabilizers incorporate digital control systems with microprocessors or DSPs (Digital Signal Processors) for intelligent voltage management. These systems enable features such as:
- Real-time voltage display (LCD/LED)
- Automatic bypass in case of fault
- Remote monitoring via RS232, RS485, or Ethernet
- Data logging and fault diagnostics
Such smart features enhance usability, improve troubleshooting, and support integration into building management or industrial automation systems.
| Feature | Benefit | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|
| Fast Response Time (<5ms) | Prevents equipment shutdown during voltage dips | Hospitals, data centers, labs |
| No Moving Parts | High reliability, no mechanical wear | Industrial automation, remote sites |
| Wide Input Voltage Range | Operates effectively in unstable grids | Rural areas, developing regions |
| Digital Monitoring | Enables predictive maintenance and remote control | Smart buildings, factories |
Important: Always select a solid-state voltage stabilizer based on your specific load requirements, input voltage conditions, and environmental factors. Undersized units may overheat or fail, while oversized ones can be inefficient and costly. Consult technical specifications and consider professional advice when integrating stabilizers into critical systems. Regular inspection and cleaning of ventilation areas are recommended to maintain optimal performance.
Scenarios of Solid-State Voltage Stabilizers
Solid-state voltage stabilizers are advanced electronic devices designed to deliver consistent, regulated voltage output despite fluctuations in input power. Unlike traditional electromechanical stabilizers, they use semiconductor-based technology for faster response, higher precision, and maintenance-free operation. These features make them ideal for a wide range of applications where voltage stability is critical to performance, safety, and equipment longevity.
Residential Applications
In homes, voltage fluctuations can degrade the performance and shorten the lifespan of sensitive electronics and high-power appliances. Solid-state stabilizers provide clean, stable power to essential household devices, ensuring optimal operation and protection from surges, sags, and brownouts.
- Refrigerators and air conditioners benefit from stable voltage, reducing compressor stress and improving energy efficiency
- Televisions, audio systems, and gaming consoles operate more reliably with reduced risk of signal distortion or hardware damage
- Computers and routers maintain consistent performance, minimizing crashes and data corruption
- LED lighting systems perform better and last longer when powered by regulated voltage
Key benefit: Extends appliance lifespan and reduces repair or replacement costs over time
Industrial Applications
Industrial environments often experience severe voltage instability due to heavy load switching, long power lines, or outdated infrastructure. Solid-state stabilizers ensure that production machinery, control systems, and automation equipment receive consistent voltage, preventing costly downtime and equipment failure.
- Protects CNC machines, conveyor systems, and robotic arms from performance degradation
- Prevents motor overheating and insulation breakdown in pumps, compressors, and fans
- Supports PLCs and SCADA systems with uninterrupted, clean power for accurate process control
- Reduces unplanned maintenance and production halts caused by power anomalies
Critical advantage: Enhances operational continuity and safeguards high-value industrial assets
Telecommunication Systems
Telecom infrastructure—including switching centers, data hubs, and transmission towers—relies on precise voltage levels to maintain signal integrity and network uptime. Even minor voltage variations can disrupt data flow, degrade call quality, or damage sensitive circuitry.
- Ensures uninterrupted operation of routers, switches, and base station equipment
- Protects fiber-optic transmission systems from timing errors due to power instability
- Maintains signal clarity and reduces packet loss in high-speed networks
- Supports remote telecom installations in areas with unreliable grid power
Pro tip: Pair with surge protectors and battery backups for comprehensive power protection
Medical Equipment
Hospitals and clinics depend on highly sensitive diagnostic and life-support systems that require extremely stable power. Voltage fluctuations can lead to inaccurate readings, system malfunctions, or even life-threatening situations.
- Supports MRI, CT scanners, and X-ray machines with precise voltage control for accurate imaging
- Ensures ventilators, dialysis machines, and patient monitors function without interruption
- Protects laboratory equipment such as centrifuges and analyzers from operational errors
- Meets strict regulatory standards for medical-grade power quality (e.g., IEC 60601)
Safety note: Voltage stabilizers are often integrated into hospital-grade UPS systems for dual-layer protection
Commercial Environments
Businesses such as offices, retail stores, and financial institutions rely heavily on digital infrastructure. Unstable voltage can disrupt transactions, corrupt data, or damage expensive IT equipment, leading to lost revenue and reputational harm.
- Keeps POS systems, barcode scanners, and payment terminals running smoothly
- Protects servers, workstations, and cloud-connected devices from unexpected shutdowns
- Supports security systems (CCTV, access control) with uninterrupted power supply
- Ensures consistent operation of HVAC controls and lighting management systems
Smart investment: Prevents data loss and maintains customer trust during peak business hours
Power Backup Systems
During power transitions—such as switching from mains to generator or UPS—voltage instability is common. Solid-state stabilizers play a vital role in smoothing these transitions, ensuring seamless and safe power delivery to critical loads.
- Stabilizes output voltage during UPS switchover to prevent micro-outages
- Conditions generator power before it reaches sensitive equipment
- Protects against frequency drift and harmonic distortion in backup power sources
- Extends battery life by reducing stress from voltage spikes and dips
Technical insight: Often used in hybrid systems with inverters and automatic transfer switches (ATS)
Professional Recommendation: When selecting a solid-state voltage stabilizer, consider not only the load capacity but also the response time (<5ms), voltage regulation accuracy (±1–3%), and compatibility with existing power infrastructure. For mission-critical applications, opt for models with built-in diagnostics, remote monitoring, and overload protection to maximize reliability and ease of maintenance.
| Application Sector | Typical Equipment Protected | Key Voltage Challenges | Stabilizer Benefits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residential | ACs, refrigerators, TVs, computers | Grid fluctuations, brownouts | Extended appliance life, reduced energy waste |
| Industrial | Motors, CNC machines, PLCs | Load switching, harmonic distortion | Prevents downtime, protects expensive machinery |
| Telecom | Routers, base stations, servers | Signal noise, data loss | Ensures network reliability and uptime |
| Medical | MRI, ventilators, monitors | Precision errors, safety risks | Life-critical stability and compliance |
| Commercial | POS systems, servers, security | Data corruption, transaction failure | Business continuity and data integrity |
| Backup Systems | UPS, generators, inverters | Transition surges, unstable output | Seamless power transfer and equipment protection |
Additional Considerations
- Response Time: Solid-state stabilizers react in milliseconds, far faster than mechanical tap changers, making them ideal for dynamic loads
- Maintenance-Free: No moving parts eliminate wear and tear, reducing long-term service costs
- Compact Design: Ideal for space-constrained installations in urban or indoor environments
- Energy Efficiency: High-efficiency models (>98%) minimize power loss and heat generation
- Scalability: Available in single-phase and three-phase configurations for residential to industrial-scale needs
- Monitoring Features: Advanced units include digital displays, fault logging, and IoT connectivity for predictive maintenance
In summary, solid-state voltage stabilizers are versatile, reliable, and essential components in modern electrical systems. Whether protecting home electronics or ensuring the uninterrupted operation of life-saving medical devices, they provide a robust defense against the damaging effects of voltage instability, enhancing performance, safety, and longevity across residential, commercial, and industrial domains.
Replacing and Maintenance of Solid State Voltage Stabilizer
A solid state voltage stabilizer plays a crucial role in protecting sensitive electronic equipment from voltage fluctuations, surges, and drops. Proper replacement and regular maintenance are essential to ensure consistent power regulation, extend device lifespan, and prevent costly damage to connected appliances. This comprehensive guide provides detailed insights into when and how to replace your stabilizer, along with best practices for ongoing maintenance to maximize efficiency and reliability.
Safety Warning: Always disconnect power before inspecting or servicing a voltage stabilizer. Ensure the unit is completely powered down and unplugged from the main supply. If working with hardwired units, turn off the circuit breaker and use a voltage tester to confirm no live current. Only qualified personnel should handle internal components or electrical connections.
When to Replace Your Solid State Voltage Stabilizer
Timely replacement of a failing or outdated voltage stabilizer prevents equipment damage and ensures uninterrupted operation. Below are key indicators that replacement is necessary:
- Signs of Failure: If the stabilizer fails to maintain a consistent output voltage, frequently trips, or shows erratic behavior, it may no longer be functioning properly. Excessive heat generation, burning smells, or visible damage such as cracked casings, bulging components, or burnt circuitry are clear signs of internal failure. Additionally, if connected devices experience frequent malfunctions, flickering lights, or unexpected shutdowns, the stabilizer may not be regulating voltage effectively.
- Age and Technological Obsolescence: While solid state stabilizers are built to last several years under optimal conditions, aging components degrade over time. Units older than 7–10 years may lack modern features like digital displays, surge protection, or energy-efficient regulation. Older models may also struggle to support today’s high-demand electronics, making an upgrade to a newer, more efficient model a wise investment for performance and compatibility.
- Load and Compatibility Issues: As your electrical setup evolves—adding computers, servers, medical devices, or home automation systems—the power requirements may exceed the capacity of your current stabilizer. If the stabilizer frequently overloads, shuts down under normal use, or cannot support the voltage range of new equipment, it’s time to replace it with a higher-capacity or more advanced model. Mismatched voltage regulation can lead to inefficiency, overheating, and potential safety hazards.
Essential Maintenance Practices for Optimal Performance
Regular maintenance helps prevent premature failure, maintains efficiency, and extends the service life of your voltage stabilizer. Follow these best practices to keep your unit in peak condition:
- Regular Inspections: Conduct monthly visual and operational checks. Look for warning signs such as unusual noises (buzzing, clicking), inconsistent output readings, or fluctuating indicator lights. Early detection of anomalies allows for timely intervention and prevents catastrophic failure.
- Cleaning and Dust Management: Dust accumulation can block ventilation and cause overheating. Clean the exterior and ventilation grills every 2–3 months using a soft, dry cloth or compressed air. Avoid using water or liquid cleaners. Ensure the surrounding area is free from debris and clutter to promote airflow.
- Cooling System Maintenance: Most solid state stabilizers rely on passive or active cooling (fans, heat sinks). Verify that cooling fans are operational and free from dust. Blocked vents or failed fans can lead to thermal shutdowns or component damage. Keep at least 6 inches of clearance around the unit for proper air circulation.
- Software and Firmware Updates: Modern digital stabilizers often come with programmable logic, monitoring systems, or smart features that require firmware updates. Check the manufacturer’s website periodically for updates that improve performance, add safety features, or enhance compatibility with new devices. Always follow update instructions carefully to avoid corruption.
- Professional Servicing and Calibration: Schedule annual servicing by a certified technician. Internal components such as capacitors, relays, and control circuits may degrade over time and require calibration or replacement. Professional diagnostics can identify hidden issues before they lead to failure, ensuring the stabilizer continues to meet industry standards for voltage regulation accuracy.
| Maintenance Task | Frequency | Purpose | Tools/Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visual Inspection | Monthly | Detect early signs of damage or malfunction | Flashlight, logbook |
| External Cleaning | Every 2–3 months | Prevent dust buildup and overheating | Soft cloth, compressed air |
| Cooling System Check | Quarterly | Ensure proper heat dissipation | Visual inspection, screwdriver (if cleaning fans) |
| Firmware/Software Update | As released by manufacturer | Improve performance and security | Computer, USB cable, manufacturer software |
| Professional Calibration | Annually | Maintain voltage accuracy and safety compliance | Certified technician, diagnostic tools |
Expert Tip: Keep a maintenance log for your voltage stabilizer, noting inspection dates, cleaning activities, service visits, and any observed issues. This record helps track performance trends and provides valuable information for technicians during servicing or warranty claims.
Additional Recommendations
- Always match the stabilizer’s power rating (kVA or watts) to your total connected load, including a 20–25% safety margin.
- Install the stabilizer in a dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and moisture.
- Use surge protectors in conjunction with stabilizers for enhanced protection against lightning strikes or grid surges.
- Label input and output terminals clearly to avoid wiring errors during installation or maintenance.
- Consider upgrading to a stabilizer with built-in digital monitoring and remote alerts for real-time performance tracking.
Proper replacement and consistent maintenance of your solid state voltage stabilizer are vital for safeguarding your electrical and electronic systems. By staying proactive and following these guidelines, you ensure reliable power regulation, reduce downtime, and extend the life of both the stabilizer and your connected devices. When in doubt about performance or safety, consult a qualified electrical technician to evaluate your system and recommend the best course of action.
Frequently Asked Questions About Solid-State Voltage Stabilizers
A: Yes, solid-state voltage stabilizers can be used outdoors, but only if they are properly protected from environmental factors. Unlike indoor models, outdoor installations require a robust, sealed enclosure that shields the unit from dust, moisture, rain, snow, and extreme temperatures. However, this protective housing must also allow for adequate heat dissipation and airflow to prevent overheating, as solid-state components generate heat during operation.
Many outdoor-rated stabilizers come with IP (Ingress Protection) ratings such as IP54 or higher, indicating resistance to dust and water splashes. For harsher environments, consider units with additional features like corrosion-resistant coatings, sun shields, or ventilation systems with filters. Always follow manufacturer guidelines for outdoor installation to ensure long-term reliability and safety.
A: The key differences between solid-state and mechanical voltage stabilizers lie in speed, precision, durability, and maintenance requirements:
- Response Time: Solid-state stabilizers use electronic components like thyristors or IGBTs to correct voltage fluctuations within milliseconds—often under 10ms. Mechanical stabilizers rely on servo motors and carbon brushes to adjust transformer taps, which typically results in slower response times (20–50ms).
- Accuracy: Solid-state models offer tighter voltage regulation (±1% to ±3%), making them ideal for sensitive electronics. Mechanical types usually have a wider tolerance (±5% to ±10%).
- Reliability: With no moving parts, solid-state stabilizers are less prone to wear and tear, offering longer lifespans and reduced maintenance. Mechanical units have brushes and motors that require periodic inspection and replacement.
- Noise & Maintenance: Solid-state units operate silently and require minimal upkeep. Mechanical stabilizers produce audible noise during adjustment and need regular servicing.
Due to these advantages, solid-state stabilizers are preferred in critical applications such as data centers, hospitals, telecom infrastructure, and industrial automation where power stability is essential.
A: Yes, solid-state voltage stabilizers are compatible with generators and can significantly improve the quality of power output. Generators often produce unstable voltage due to load variations, fuel inconsistencies, or engine speed fluctuations—especially in diesel or portable units. A stabilizer helps regulate this output to safe levels before it reaches connected equipment.
However, successful integration requires proper synchronization between the generator and the stabilizer:
- Voltage Compatibility: Ensure the stabilizer’s input range matches the generator’s output voltage and frequency (e.g., 230V/50Hz or 120V/60Hz).
- Load Matching: The stabilizer must be rated to handle the total load connected to the generator, including surge currents from motors or compressors.
- Waveform Sensitivity: Some solid-state stabilizers are designed for clean sine wave inputs. If the generator produces a modified sine wave or high harmonic distortion, confirm the stabilizer can tolerate it.
- Professional Assessment: It is highly recommended to consult an electrical engineer or technician to assess compatibility, especially for mission-critical or large-scale systems.
When properly matched, the combination of a generator and a solid-state stabilizer provides reliable backup power for homes, construction sites, medical facilities, and remote operations.
A: Voltage stabilizer technology has evolved significantly in recent years, driven by demands for greater efficiency, intelligence, and sustainability. Key advancements include:
- AI and Machine Learning Integration: Modern smart stabilizers now use artificial intelligence to monitor voltage patterns, predict fluctuations, and optimize response strategies. These systems enable predictive maintenance by detecting early signs of component failure or grid instability, reducing downtime and repair costs.
- Digital Control Systems: Advanced microprocessors and DSP (Digital Signal Processing) allow for real-time monitoring, remote control via apps or SCADA systems, and seamless integration with building management or industrial IoT platforms.
- Green and Energy-Efficient Designs: There is a growing shift toward eco-friendly stabilizers that minimize energy loss through high-efficiency transformers and low-loss semiconductor switches. Some models incorporate regenerative circuits or passive cooling to reduce reliance on fans and refrigerants.
- Hybrid Stabilization: Combining solid-state speed with tap-changer precision, hybrid stabilizers offer both fast correction and wide correction range, ideal for areas with severe voltage swings.
- Enhanced Protection Features: Newer models include comprehensive protection against overvoltage, undervoltage, short circuits, overheating, and even cyber threats in networked systems.
These innovations are making voltage stabilizers more adaptive, efficient, and future-ready, supporting everything from smart homes to renewable energy integration and electric vehicle charging infrastructure.








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