Stackable Cat Cages: Structure, Material Properties, and How They Are Used in Different Industries

Types of Stackable Cat Cages

A stackable cat cage is a multi-level, modular enclosure designed for efficiently housing cats in veterinary clinics, animal shelters, pet hotels, and even homes with multiple felines. These cages maximize vertical space, support easy cleaning, and can be reconfigured or expanded as needs change. Choosing the right type depends on durability, comfort, aesthetics, and budget.

Metal Stackable Cat Cages

Constructed from powder-coated metal wire, these cages are built for heavy-duty use in high-traffic environments. The open-wire design ensures excellent airflow and visibility, while the coating resists rust and corrosion.

Advantages

• Highly durable and long-lasting
• Excellent ventilation and visibility
• Easy to clean and disinfect
• Resistant to chewing and scratching
• Ideal for active or aggressive cats

Limitations

• Can feel cold or industrial
• Potential for noise (clanging)
• Limited insulation in extreme temperatures
• May require protective flooring to prevent paw injuries

Best for: Veterinary clinics, shelters, boarding facilities, and high-activity environments

Plastic Stackable Cat Cages

Made from impact-resistant, non-toxic plastics, these lightweight enclosures are ideal for temporary or mobile setups. Their solid walls provide privacy and better temperature retention.

Advantages

• Lightweight and portable
• Quiet and stress-reducing for cats
• Good thermal insulation
• Smooth, non-porous surfaces prevent bacterial growth
• Available in various colors and styles

Limitations

• Less durable than metal
• Vulnerable to chewing damage
• Limited airflow compared to wire cages
• May develop odors over time if not cleaned properly

Best for: Home use, traveling, quarantine areas, and sensitive or anxious cats

Wood and Laminate Stackable Cat Cages

Designed to blend into home interiors, these cages use solid wood or high-quality laminate to resemble furniture. They offer a warm, natural aesthetic while maintaining functionality.

Advantages

• Elegant, furniture-like appearance
• Superior noise dampening
• Excellent thermal insulation
• Customizable finishes and designs
• Great for multi-cat households

Limitations

• Higher cost than plastic or metal
• Harder to clean thoroughly
• Not waterproof—requires protective coatings
• Less suitable for high-moisture or clinical environments

Best for: Residential settings, luxury pet accommodations, and design-conscious spaces

Modular Stackable Cat Cages

Engineered for flexibility, modular cages combine metal frames with plastic or composite panels. They feature interchangeable components such as dividers, ramps, feeding trays, and access doors.

Advantages

• Highly customizable configurations
• Expandable as needs grow
• Easy to reconfigure for different uses
• Often includes removable trays and washable parts
• Suitable for both short-term and long-term housing

Limitations

• Higher initial investment
• More complex assembly required
• May require spare parts inventory
• Larger footprint when fully expanded

Best for: Animal shelters, breeding facilities, and growing pet care businesses

Luxury Stackable Cat Condos

Premium enclosures crafted from stainless steel, hardwood, tempered glass, and soft-touch materials. These condos go beyond basic housing, offering enriched environments with scratching posts, hammocks, ramps, and interactive toys.

Advantages

• Exceptional build quality and materials
• Multi-level enrichment for mental stimulation
• Stylish, modern design
• Enhanced comfort and entertainment for cats
• Long-term value and durability

Limitations

• Significantly higher cost
• Bulkier and heavier
• More complex maintenance
• Limited availability and longer lead times

Best for: High-end pet hotels, luxury homes, and owners seeking premium feline living spaces

Type	Durability	Comfort	Aesthetics	Best Application
Metal	Excellent	Fair	Functional	Clinics, shelters, high-traffic areas
Plastic	Good	Good	Neutral	Home use, travel, temporary housing
Wood/Laminate	Fair	Excellent	High	Residential, luxury interiors
Modular	Very Good	Good	Adaptable	Shelters, growing facilities
Luxury Condos	Excellent	Excellent	Premium	High-end homes, pet resorts

Expert Tip: When selecting a stackable cat cage, consider the cat’s temperament and environment. For anxious cats, prioritize quiet, enclosed designs like plastic or wood. In high-traffic facilities, opt for durable metal or modular systems with easy sanitation features.

Design of Stackable Cat Cages: Features, Benefits & Best Practices

Stackable cat cages are engineered to provide safe, hygienic, and comfortable housing for cats in both home and commercial environments such as shelters, veterinary clinics, and breeding facilities. Their innovative design maximizes vertical space while prioritizing feline well-being, ease of maintenance, and long-term durability. Below is a comprehensive breakdown of the essential design elements that make stackable cat cages a practical and humane solution.

Core Design Features of Stackable Cat Cages

Modular Design

Stackable cat cages are built with modularity at their core, enabling vertical expansion without increasing floor footprint. Each unit is designed with interlocking edges, alignment guides, or reinforced frames that securely connect with adjacent cages. This allows facilities to scale their housing capacity based on demand—adding or removing units as needed.

Modular systems are especially beneficial in space-constrained environments, offering flexibility for temporary setups during peak periods (e.g., adoption events or quarantine). The standardized dimensions ensure compatibility across units, simplifying inventory and future upgrades.

Durability & Material Quality

These cages are constructed from high-strength materials such as powder-coated steel, stainless steel, or heavy-duty ABS plastic, chosen for their resistance to corrosion, impact, and chewing. Stainless steel models are ideal for medical or high-sanitation settings due to their non-porous, rust-resistant surfaces.

In commercial applications, durable construction ensures the cage can endure daily use by multiple cats, frequent cleaning, and accidental impacts. For home use, robust materials mean the cage remains functional and aesthetically pleasing for years, even with active or anxious cats.

Optimal Ventilation

Adequate airflow is critical for maintaining a healthy environment inside the cage. Most stackable designs incorporate wire mesh panels on the front, sides, and sometimes the top to promote cross-ventilation. This prevents the buildup of ammonia from urine, reduces humidity, and lowers the risk of respiratory infections.

Advanced models feature adjustable ventilation panels or removable mesh covers, allowing caregivers to control airflow based on ambient temperature, number of cats, or health status (e.g., isolating sick animals). Proper ventilation also helps minimize odor, improving the experience for both cats and staff.

Ease of Cleaning & Hygiene

Designed with sanitation in mind, stackable cat cages include practical features that simplify daily cleaning. A removable tray or slide-out litter pan at the base collects waste and can be easily detached for emptying and disinfecting. Smooth, non-porous surfaces with minimal crevices prevent bacteria buildup and allow for quick wipe-downs.

Wide-opening doors—often double-door configurations—provide full access to the interior for thorough cleaning. Some models are dishwasher-safe or compatible with pressure washing (when using appropriate materials), making them ideal for high-turnover facilities.

Safety & Security

Safety is a top priority in cage design. Secure locking mechanisms—such as double-latch doors or twist-lock systems—prevent escape-prone or agile cats from opening the door. Rounded corners and smooth welds eliminate sharp edges that could injure cats or handlers.

Additional safety features include fixed or adjustable dividers, allowing multiple cats to be housed in a single stacked unit while remaining separated. This is useful for siblings, bonded pairs, or quarantine protocols. Non-toxic finishes ensure that even if a cat chews on the bars, there is no risk of poisoning.

Comfort & Enrichment

Despite being confined spaces, modern stackable cages are designed with feline comfort in mind. Many include built-in perches, hammocks, or elevated platforms that give cats a sense of security and vantage point. Bedding trays or soft mats can be added for warmth and comfort.

Cage dimensions follow humane guidelines, allowing cats to stand, stretch, turn around, and lie down naturally. Transparent or semi-transparent sides enhance visibility, reducing stress by allowing cats to observe their surroundings. Natural light exposure and placement in low-noise areas further contribute to psychological well-being.

Design Feature	Primary Benefit	Best Use Cases
Modular Stacking	Maximizes vertical space; scalable	Animal shelters, vet clinics, multi-cat homes
Stainless Steel Construction	Long-lasting, hygienic, rust-resistant	Hospitals, quarantine zones, outdoor enclosures
Wire Mesh Ventilation	Improves air quality; reduces odors	All environments, especially humid climates
Removable Waste Trays	Quick cleanup; reduces labor time	High-traffic facilities, daily-use settings
Adjustable Dividers	Enables safe multi-cat housing	Breeding centers, foster homes, transport

Key Considerations When Choosing a Stackable Cat Cage

Size & Spacing: Ensure each cage provides enough room for movement. The minimum recommended size is 18”W x 18”D x 18”H for small cats, with larger breeds needing more space.

Stacking Height: Avoid stacking too many units high to prevent instability and make upper cages accessible for care and interaction.

Floor Protection: Use rubber feet or mats under the base unit to prevent floor scratches and reduce vibration noise.

Access & Ergonomics: Choose models with front and top access doors to facilitate feeding, cleaning, and handling without stress.

Aesthetic Integration: In home settings, consider color, finish, and style to match your interior decor while maintaining functionality.

Important: Always supervise cats during initial cage introduction to ensure they adapt well. Never leave cats unattended for extended periods in stacked cages without regular breaks for exercise and socialization. Poorly maintained or overcrowded cages can lead to stress, aggression, or health issues. Regular inspection for wear, rust, or loose parts is essential for ongoing safety.

Scenarios of Stackable Cat Cages: Practical Applications Across Industries

Stackable cat cages are versatile, space-efficient, and hygienic solutions designed to meet the needs of various professional environments that care for felines. Their modular design allows for vertical expansion, making them ideal for facilities with limited floor space. Below are key scenarios where stackable cat enclosures provide critical benefits in animal management, safety, and well-being.

Veterinary Clinics

Stackable cat cages are essential in veterinary settings for pre- and post-operative care, quarantine, and temporary holding. Their design supports infection control through removable, non-porous trays and smooth surfaces that withstand rigorous cleaning and disinfection protocols.

• Available in multiple sizes to accommodate different breeds and medical conditions
• Provide excellent ventilation and visibility for monitoring patient health
• Help reduce stress by offering a secure, enclosed space with minimal external stimuli
• Can be labeled or color-coded for easy identification of medical status or treatment plans

Best practice: Use cages with front and top access for easier handling during exams and medication administration.

Shelters and Rescue Organizations

In high-capacity shelters, stackable cat enclosures help manage large populations efficiently while promoting hygiene and animal welfare. They allow for flexible configuration as intake numbers fluctuate.

• Enable safe separation of cats by health status, temperament, or vaccination needs
• Facilitate easy relocation during cleaning, renovations, or emergency evacuations
• Many models include enrichment features such as perches, hiding spots, and toy attachments
• Reduce cross-contamination risks between animals, especially important for kittens and sick cats

Welfare note: Pair cages with regular socialization to prevent behavioral issues in long-term residents.

Breeders

Responsible cat breeders rely on stackable kennels to maintain clean, organized breeding environments. These enclosures support proper kitten development and simplify daily care routines.

• Allow segregation of litters by age, sex, or weaning stage
• Keep breeding adults separated when necessary to prevent unwanted mating
• Ideal for showcasing cats to potential buyers in a controlled, presentable manner
• Often used during health checks, vaccinations, or quarantine periods for new arrivals

Pro tip: Choose models with removable dividers to adjust space as kittens grow.

Grooming Salons

In grooming facilities, stackable cat kennels provide a calm, secure waiting area that minimizes stress and keeps cats separated from dogs and other animals.

• Maximize space efficiency in often compact salon layouts
• Allow groomers quick and safe access to each cat before and after services
• Some include sound-dampening materials or privacy panels to reduce anxiety
• Easy to sanitize between clients, supporting a professional and hygienic image

Customer confidence: Visible cleanliness and organization reassure pet owners about care standards.

Boarding Facilities

Cat boarding services use stackable enclosures to offer individualized, stress-free accommodations during owners’ absences. These cages simulate a home-like environment while ensuring safety and hygiene.

• Provide personal space with room for bedding, food, water, and litter trays
• Help reduce inter-cat aggression by preventing direct contact
• Often placed in quiet, climate-controlled areas with natural or soothing lighting
• Facilitate routine care like feeding, cleaning, and health checks without disturbing other cats

Enhancement idea: Add soft blankets and familiar toys to ease separation anxiety.

Research Labs

In scientific and pharmaceutical research, stackable cat enclosures offer controlled, standardized housing for behavioral studies, drug trials, or physiological research.

• Ensure consistent environmental conditions across test subjects
• Support observational research with clear visibility and minimal interference
• Designed for biosecurity, with features like filtered ventilation and spill containment
• Enable precise tracking and documentation of individual animals over time

Regulatory compliance: Many models meet IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) standards for humane treatment.

Professional Insight: When selecting stackable cat cages, prioritize durability, ease of cleaning, and animal comfort. Look for models with rounded corners, smooth welds, and corrosion-resistant coatings. For multi-cat environments, consider modular systems that allow future expansion. Always ensure adequate ventilation and avoid overcrowding to maintain high welfare standards.

Application	Primary Benefit	Key Features Needed	Recommended Cage Type
Veterinary Clinics	Infection control & patient monitoring	Removable trays, smooth surfaces, labeling options	Medical-grade stainless steel or polymer
Animal Shelters	Space efficiency & population management	Stackable design, enrichment options, easy mobility	Modular plastic or powder-coated metal
Professional Breeders	Litter organization & presentation	Adjustable dividers, aesthetic finish, secure latches	Ventilated plastic or aluminum
Grooming Salons	Stress reduction & workflow efficiency	Quiet design, front/top access, quick-clean surfaces	Sound-absorbing composite materials
Boarding Facilities	Comfort & hygiene for temporary stays	Spacious interiors, privacy options, odor control	Large-format, well-ventilated enclosures
Research Labs	Controlled environment & data accuracy	Biosecurity, monitoring access, compliance-ready	Sealed, HEPA-filtered, tamper-proof units

Additional Considerations for Optimal Use

• Size & Spacing: Ensure cages meet or exceed minimum space requirements per cat (e.g., 1.5x body length in height and depth)
• Material Safety: Avoid cages with toxic coatings or sharp edges; opt for pet-safe, non-reactive materials
• Mobility: Models with locking casters enhance flexibility in dynamic environments
• Enrichment Integration: Support mental health by incorporating scratching posts, hiding boxes, or interactive toys
• Lighting & Noise: Position cages away from loud equipment and ensure access to natural or calming artificial light

How to Choose the Best Stackable Cat Cage: A Complete Buyer’s Guide

Selecting the right stackable cat cage is essential for ensuring your feline friends stay safe, comfortable, and mentally stimulated—especially if you're housing multiple cats or managing a cattery, rescue, or boarding setup. A well-designed stackable cage offers flexibility, space efficiency, and long-term durability. This comprehensive guide walks you through every critical factor to consider when choosing a stackable cat enclosure that meets both your needs and your pets’ well-being.

Safety First: Always ensure that any cat cage you choose complies with animal welfare standards. Avoid cages with exposed wires, sharp edges, or weak locking mechanisms that could lead to injury or escape. Supervise cats during initial use to monitor behavior and comfort.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a Stackable Cat Cage

1. Material Quality and Durability

   The construction material directly impacts the cage’s longevity and safety. Look for:

   • Heavy-duty metal wire or powder-coated steel frames – Resistant to rust, chewing, and bending.
   • Reinforced joints and welding – Ensures structural integrity, especially when stacked.
   • Non-toxic finishes – Prevents health risks if cats chew on the bars.
   • Weight capacity ratings – Check manufacturer specifications to ensure the cage can support the combined weight of your cats and accessories.

   Ideally, the cage should withstand daily use, scratching, and occasional rough play without deforming or weakening.

2. Size, Layout, and Capacity

   Size matters—not just for comfort, but for feline mental health. Cats need room to stretch, turn around, and stand upright without touching the top.

   • Minimum recommended interior dimensions: 24” (L) x 18” (W) x 20” (H) per cat.
   • For multi-cat stacks, ensure each level is independently accessible or allows safe climbing between levels.
   • Avoid overcrowding—never house more than 2–3 cats per unit unless the cage is extra-large and includes separate zones.
   • Consider the vertical space utilization—taller cages allow for shelves, perches, and hiding spots.

   Remember: more space equals less stress, especially in multi-cat environments.

3. Ventilation and Airflow Design

   Proper airflow is crucial to prevent odor buildup, moisture retention, and respiratory issues.

   • Choose cages with mesh or wire walls on all four sides for maximum ventilation.
   • Avoid solid-panel backs or sides that trap heat and humidity.
   • Ensure stackable units maintain airflow between levels—some designs include spacers or elevated feet for air circulation.
   • In humid climates or indoor settings, consider adding a small fan nearby (but not blowing directly into the cage).
4. Safety and Security Features

   Your cat’s safety is non-negotiable. Prioritize enclosures with:

   • Double-locking door mechanisms – Prevents clever cats from pushing or pawing doors open.
   • No sharp edges or protruding hardware – Inspect all corners and welds for smooth finishes.
   • Stable, wide base or anti-tip brackets – Especially important when stacking multiple units.
   • Interlocking or bolt-together systems – Keeps stacked cages securely connected and prevents wobbling.
   • Smooth, rounded corners inside the cage – Reduces injury risk during play or sudden movements.
5. Easy Cleaning and Maintenance

   A hygienic cage is a healthy cage. Opt for designs that simplify daily upkeep:

   • Removable plastic or metal trays at the bottom – Makes waste cleanup quick and mess-free.
   • Smooth, non-porous surfaces – Resistant to bacteria, urine absorption, and odors.
   • Dish holders or feeding nooks – Keeps food and water bowls secure and off the floor.
   • Washable fabric components (if included) – Perches, beds, or hammocks should be removable and machine-washable.
   • No hard-to-reach crevices or gaps – Prevents buildup of fur, litter, and grime.

   Weekly deep cleaning with pet-safe disinfectants is recommended for optimal hygiene.

6. Versatility and Customization Options

   The best stackable cages grow with your needs. Look for modular systems that offer:

   • Configurable layouts – Can be arranged side-by-side, vertically, or in L/T-shapes.
   • Compatible add-ons – Such as ramps, tunnels, climbing shelves, or privacy tents.
   • Adjustable internal dividers – Useful for separating cats during introductions or medical recovery.
   • Universal compatibility – Some brands offer expansion kits so you can add more units later.
   • Multi-functional use – Suitable for travel, quarantine, recovery, or permanent housing.

   Modular designs not only save money over time but also allow you to adapt to changing household dynamics.

Selection Criteria	What to Look For	Avoid These Red Flags	Recommended Features
Material & Build	Steel frame, powder-coated finish, welded joints	Thin wire, plastic connectors, rust-prone metal	Rust-resistant coating, reinforced corners
Size & Capacity	At least 24” x 18” x 20” per cat, multi-level options	Overcrowded design, too short for standing	Modular sizing, vertical space optimization
Ventilation	Full mesh walls, open design, elevated base	Solid back panels, poor airflow between stacks	360° airflow, stackable spacers
Safety	Double-lock doors, rounded edges, anti-tip design	Flimsy latches, sharp protrusions, wobbly base	Interlocking system, secure fasteners
Cleanability	Removable tray, smooth interior, no gaps	Fixed floor, hard-to-clean joints, fabric lining	Slide-out tray, wipeable surfaces
Versatility	Expandable units, accessory compatibility	Fixed configuration, no add-ons available	Adjustable shelves, ramps, modular connectors

Expert Tip: Before purchasing, measure your available space and plan the cage layout. Consider future needs—buying a slightly larger or expandable system now can save money and hassle later. Also, introduce cats gradually to new cages using treats and toys to create positive associations.

Additional Recommendations for Long-Term Use

• Rotate toys and bedding weekly to keep the environment mentally stimulating.
• Inspect hinges, latches, and structural joints monthly for signs of wear.
• Use soft lighting or natural daylight to reduce stress—avoid placing cages in dark or noisy areas.
• Provide scratching posts or pads inside or adjacent to the cage to satisfy natural behaviors.
• If using for boarding or rescue, label each unit clearly with the cat’s name and care instructions.

Choosing the right stackable cat cage isn’t just about convenience—it’s about providing a safe, enriching, and stress-free environment for your cats. By focusing on durability, safety, ventilation, and ease of maintenance, you’ll ensure your feline companions remain healthy and happy. Whether you're a pet owner, breeder, or shelter operator, investing in a high-quality, thoughtfully designed stackable cage pays off in both animal well-being and long-term value.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cat Cages

Q1: Can a cat cage be used outdoors?

Yes, cat cages can be safely used outdoors, provided they are placed in a secure and sheltered environment. To ensure your cat’s comfort and safety, choose a location that offers natural shade during the day and protection from rain, wind, and extreme temperatures.

• Weather Protection: Use a waterproof cover or place the cage under a covered patio or awning to shield it from sudden weather changes.
• Secure Placement: Position the cage on a stable, level surface away from predators or potential hazards like traffic or toxic plants.
• Supervision Required: Always monitor your cat while outdoors to prevent stress, escape attempts, or exposure to dangers such as insects, birds, or other animals.
• Ventilation & Sunlight: Ensure the cage allows for proper airflow while avoiding direct, prolonged sun exposure that could lead to overheating.

Outdoor use can enrich your cat’s experience with fresh air and sensory stimulation, but only if done responsibly and with attention to environmental conditions.

Q2: How can odors be eliminated from a cat cage?

Controlling odors in a cat cage is essential for hygiene and your pet’s comfort. While regular cleaning is the foundation, a multi-pronged approach yields the best results.

• Daily Litter Maintenance: Scoop solid waste daily and replace clumping litter regularly to prevent ammonia buildup.
• Deep Cleaning Routine: Wash the cage floor and non-porous surfaces weekly using pet-safe disinfectants. Avoid harsh chemicals like ammonia or bleach, which can irritate your cat’s respiratory system.
• Odor-Absorbing Products: Use pet-specific deodorizers, baking soda sprinkled under the litter, or activated charcoal filters designed for small enclosures.
• Washable Liners & Bedding: Opt for machine-washable mats or blankets that can be cleaned frequently to eliminate trapped smells.
• Air Circulation: Place the cage in a well-ventilated area or use a small pet-safe fan to reduce moisture and stagnant air.

By combining consistent hygiene practices with odor-neutralizing solutions, you can maintain a fresh and healthy environment for your cat.

Q3: Can stackable cat cages be personalized?

Absolutely! Stackable cat cages offer excellent opportunities for customization to suit your cat’s personality and needs. Personalizing the space enhances mental stimulation and physical comfort.

• Toys & Enrichment: Hang lightweight toys, crinkle balls, or feather wands within reach to encourage play and reduce boredom.
• Scratching Surfaces: Attach sisal scratching pads or cardboard inserts to designated walls to satisfy natural scratching instincts.
• Comfort Elements: Add soft, removable bedding, cushions, or fleece blankets for resting areas—ensure they are securely fastened and non-abrasive.
• Multi-Level Design: Utilize platforms, ramps, or stairs between levels to promote climbing and exploration, mimicking natural feline behavior.
• Safety First: Make sure all additions are firmly attached, free of loose strings or small parts, and do not obstruct ventilation or reduce usable space.

Customization should enhance functionality without compromising safety or airflow. A thoughtfully decorated cage becomes a stimulating and secure retreat for your cat.

Q4: How often should cats be rotated in their cages?

Cats should not be confined to cages for extended periods. For their physical and emotional well-being, they should be allowed out of the cage for activity and enrichment at least every 1 to 2 hours, especially in multi-cat households or temporary housing situations.

• Exercise Needs: Regular rotation allows cats to stretch, walk, play, and engage in natural behaviors like grooming and exploring.
• Mental Health: Prolonged confinement can lead to stress, anxiety, or behavioral issues such as excessive meowing or aggression.
• Litter Box Hygiene: Frequent rotation helps prevent soiling of sleeping areas and keeps the cage cleaner for longer.
• Supervised Freedom: When out of the cage, ensure the environment is cat-proofed and safe for roaming under supervision.

Think of the cage as a safe resting zone rather than a full-time living space. Balancing confinement with regular, interactive free time supports a healthier, happier cat.

Q5: What is the right cat cage size?

Selecting the correct cage size is crucial for your cat’s comfort, mobility, and overall well-being. A properly sized enclosure allows your cat to stand, turn around, stretch, and lie down comfortably.

Recommended Minimum Dimensions for One Cat:

• Height: At least 30 inches (76 cm) – allows cats to stand on hind legs and stretch upward.
• Width: 24 inches (61 cm) – provides enough room for movement and placement of litter, bed, and food.
• Depth: 18 inches (46 cm) – ensures adequate space for lying down and shifting positions.

For Multiple Cats: Increase the total floor area by at least 50% per additional cat. Avoid overcrowding—each cat should have its own designated zone for sleeping, eating, and eliminating.

Number of Cats	Minimum Recommended Size (L x W x H)	Key Considerations
1 Cat	24" x 18" x 30"	Standalone use; ideal for travel, recovery, or temporary housing.
2 Cats	36" x 24" x 30" or larger	Separate zones recommended; monitor for territorial behavior.
3+ Cats	48" x 24" x 30"+ or multi-level setup	Use vertical space; include multiple exits, litter boxes, and enrichment.

When in doubt, choose a larger cage. Cats thrive in spacious, well-organized environments that respect their need for personal territory and vertical exploration.