Stone Cladding Bracket: Composition, Classification, and Industrial Applications

Types of Stone Cladding Brackets

Stone cladding brackets are essential structural components designed to securely and safely attach natural or engineered stone panels to building facades, walls, and other surfaces. These brackets play a crucial role in load distribution, alignment, and long-term durability of cladding systems. Depending on architectural requirements, environmental conditions, and material types, various bracket designs offer distinct advantages in terms of strength, adjustability, and installation efficiency.

Standard Stone Cladding Brackets

These are the most widely used brackets in stone cladding installations, featuring a robust horizontal base plate connected to a vertical support arm. Designed for simplicity and reliability, standard brackets provide consistent support by evenly distributing the weight of stone panels across the substrate.

Advantages

• Simple, proven design with high reliability
• Cost-effective for large-scale projects
• Easy to install with minimal tools
• Compatible with most stone thicknesses and panel sizes

Limitations

• Limited adjustability after installation
• Not ideal for uneven substrates
• May require precise measurements during setup

Best for: Flat wall surfaces, interior cladding, budget-conscious projects, and standard architectural applications

Adjustable Stone Cladding Brackets

Engineered for precision and flexibility, adjustable brackets feature sliding mechanisms, threaded bolts, or modular joints that allow fine-tuning of position during installation. This adaptability makes them ideal for correcting alignment issues and accommodating variations in stone thickness or substrate irregularities.

Advantages

• High degree of vertical and horizontal adjustability
• Compensates for uneven surfaces and tolerances
• Reduces risk of stone cracking due to stress
• Enables precise alignment in complex layouts

Limitations

• Higher initial cost than standard brackets
• Slightly more complex installation process
• May require specialized tools or training

Best for: Curved walls, multi-level facades, renovation projects, and high-precision architectural designs

Vertical Mount Stone Cladding Brackets

Specifically designed for vertical installations, these brackets are mounted perpendicular to the wall surface and provide direct upward support for stone slabs. Their configuration ensures optimal load transfer and stability in tall wall applications where gravity and wind loads are significant factors.

Advantages

• Excellent load-bearing capacity in vertical orientation
• Ensures even weight distribution across the wall
• Ideal for full-height stone panels and column covers
• Enhances structural integrity of exterior cladding

Limitations

• Primarily suited for vertical applications only
• May require additional lateral support systems
• Installation can be more time-consuming

Best for: Exterior wall cladding, tall interior feature walls, column wrapping, and commercial building facades

Metal (Steel) Stone Cladding Brackets

Constructed from high-strength steel—often stainless or galvanized—these brackets offer superior durability and resistance to environmental stressors. Unlike mild steel alternatives, metal brackets are engineered for longevity in harsh conditions, making them suitable for heavy stone installations and exposed exterior environments.

Advantages

• Exceptional strength-to-weight ratio
• Corrosion-resistant (especially stainless steel variants)
• Long service life with minimal maintenance
• Supports heavy stone types like granite and limestone

Limitations

• Premium pricing compared to standard materials
• Heavier, requiring stronger anchoring
• May require protective coatings in coastal areas

Best for: High-rise buildings, coastal environments, heavy stone applications, and modern architectural designs requiring industrial aesthetics

Type	Adjustability	Strength	Best Use Case	Material Commonly Used
Standard Brackets	Low	Medium-High	Interior walls, flat surfaces	Mild steel, aluminum
Adjustable Brackets	High	High	Renovations, uneven substrates	Stainless steel, alloy steel
Vertical Mount Brackets	Low-Medium	Very High	Tall walls, exterior facades	Galvanized steel, stainless steel
Metal (Steel) Brackets	Variable	Excellent	Heavy stone, harsh environments	Stainless steel, structural steel

Expert Tip: When installing stone cladding in high-moisture or coastal environments, always opt for stainless steel or galvanized brackets with appropriate anti-corrosion coatings to ensure long-term structural integrity and prevent rust-related failures.

Material & Durability of Stone Cladding Bracket

Material selection and long-term durability are critical factors when choosing stone cladding brackets, as they directly impact structural integrity, weather resistance, and overall performance of the façade system. The ideal bracket must support the weight of natural or engineered stone while withstanding environmental stressors such as moisture, temperature fluctuations, and chemical exposure. Key considerations include the local climate, building height, stone type, and compatibility with the mounting substrate.

Common Materials Used in Stone Cladding Brackets

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is one of the most widely used materials for stone cladding brackets due to its exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, and longevity. Composed primarily of iron, chromium (minimum 10.5%), and often nickel, stainless steel forms a passive oxide layer that protects against rust and degradation.

This makes it especially suitable for high-moisture environments such as coastal regions, bathrooms, or exterior façades exposed to rain and salt spray. Grade 316 stainless steel, which contains molybdenum, offers superior resistance to chloride-induced pitting—ideal for seaside installations.

In addition to durability, stainless steel brackets are relatively lightweight for their load capacity, enabling them to support heavy stone panels without excessive strain on the building structure. They are commonly used in commercial high-rises, luxury residential projects, and architectural façades where long-term reliability is paramount.

Galvanized Steel

Galvanized steel provides a cost-effective alternative to stainless steel by applying a protective zinc coating through hot-dip or electro-galvanization processes. This zinc layer acts as a sacrificial anode, corroding before the underlying steel to prevent rust formation.

While less resistant to harsh environments than stainless steel, galvanized brackets perform well in temperate climates with moderate humidity and minimal salt exposure. They are often selected for low-rise residential buildings, interior applications, or budget-conscious commercial projects.

However, over time, the zinc coating can degrade—especially in acidic rain or industrial pollution zones—requiring periodic inspection. For enhanced protection, some manufacturers offer duplex systems combining galvanization with powder coating or paint finishes, extending service life significantly.

Aluminum

Aluminum is prized for its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, making it easy to handle and install without sacrificing structural support. Unlike ferrous metals, aluminum does not rust; instead, it naturally forms a thin, self-healing oxide layer upon exposure to air, providing inherent corrosion resistance.

This property makes aluminum particularly effective in coastal and humid environments, where traditional steel might deteriorate rapidly. It is also non-magnetic and electrically conductive, which can be advantageous in certain architectural designs.

A key consideration with aluminum is its susceptibility to galvanic corrosion when in direct contact with dissimilar metals like steel or copper—especially in the presence of an electrolyte such as moisture. To prevent this, insulating materials (e.g., neoprene washers or plastic sleeves) should be used at connection points.

Additionally, many aluminum cladding brackets undergo anodizing—a controlled electrochemical process that thickens the natural oxide layer—enhancing durability, wear resistance, and aesthetic options through color finishes.

High-Strength Polymers & Composite Plastics

Non-metallic alternatives such as fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), glass-reinforced plastic (GRP), or engineered thermoplastics are emerging as innovative solutions in stone cladding systems. These materials are chemically inert, meaning they do not corrode, oxidize, or degrade when exposed to moisture, salt, or UV radiation.

Their non-conductive nature eliminates risks of galvanic corrosion, making them ideal for mixed-material assemblies or sensitive electronic environments. Additionally, polymer brackets exhibit low thermal conductivity, reducing thermal bridging and improving energy efficiency in building envelopes.

While not suitable for supporting heavy stone formats like thick granite or limestone, advanced composites can reliably hold lightweight stone veneers, thin tiles, or engineered stone panels. Their flexibility also allows for greater tolerance to thermal expansion and contraction, minimizing stress on the cladding system.

Polymer brackets are increasingly used in sustainable and modern architectural designs where corrosion resistance, insulation performance, and ease of installation are prioritized.

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Material	Corrosion Resistance	Load Capacity	Best Use Cases	Lifespan (Approx.)
Stainless Steel (Grade 316)	Excellent	Very High	Coastal areas, high-rise façades, heavy stone	50+ years
Galvanized Steel	Moderate to Good	High	Residential, dry climates, budget projects	20–30 years
Aluminum (Anodized)	Very Good	Medium to High	Humid zones, lightweight panels, modern design	30–40 years
High-Strength Polymers	Excellent	Low to Medium	Lightweight cladding, corrosive environments	25–35 years

Factors Influencing Material Selection

Environmental Exposure: Coastal, industrial, or high-humidity areas demand superior corrosion resistance—favoring stainless steel or anodized aluminum.

Stone Weight & Thickness: Heavier stones (e.g., 30mm+ granite) require high-load materials like stainless or galvanized steel.

Building Height & Wind Load: Tall structures experience greater dynamic forces; robust materials with proven fatigue resistance are essential.

Thermal Movement: Materials with similar thermal expansion coefficients to stone or backing materials reduce stress and cracking risks.

Maintenance & Lifecycle Cost: Though initial costs may be higher, durable materials like stainless steel reduce long-term maintenance and replacement expenses.

Important: Always ensure compatibility between bracket material and adjacent components (e.g., fasteners, anchors, stone types). Mixing incompatible metals can lead to accelerated corrosion. Consult engineering specifications and adhere to local building codes. For critical applications, involve a structural engineer to verify load calculations and material suitability.

Commercial Use Cases of Stone Cladding Brackets

Stone cladding brackets play a vital role in modern commercial architecture, providing essential structural support while enabling stunning aesthetic finishes. These engineered fastening systems ensure that heavy natural or engineered stone panels are securely anchored to building facades, distributing loads evenly and maintaining long-term durability. Their use is especially critical in large-scale projects where safety, weather resistance, and design flexibility are paramount.

High-Rise Buildings

In high-rise construction, stone cladding brackets are indispensable for installing large-format stone panels across expansive vertical surfaces. These brackets are designed to evenly distribute the significant dead load of stone across the building’s structural frame, preventing stress concentration and ensuring facade integrity over time.

• Engineered to withstand extreme wind loads and dynamic building movement due to height and sway
• Frequently utilize retrievable or adjustable bracket systems for easier maintenance and panel replacement
• Often integrated with thermal break materials to reduce heat transfer and improve energy efficiency
• Must comply with stringent building codes and fire safety regulations for tall structures

Key consideration: Structural engineers often require certified load-testing data and material traceability for high-rise applications.

Hotel Exteriors

Hotels leverage stone cladding to create a premium, inviting exterior aesthetic that conveys luxury and permanence. Stainless steel cladding brackets are the preferred choice in these applications due to their superior corrosion resistance and longevity.

• Withstand coastal salt spray, humidity, and temperature fluctuations without rusting
• Maintain visual appeal by preventing staining or deterioration that could mar the stone finish
• Support intricate architectural details such as curved walls, column covers, and decorative cornices
• Enable seamless integration with insulation and waterproofing layers in rainscreen systems

Pro tip: Grade 316 stainless steel is recommended for seaside or high-humidity environments due to its enhanced chloride resistance.

Shopping Malls

Shopping centers and retail complexes frequently use stone cladding on entrance facades, column covers, and feature walls to project durability and upscale branding. Given the scale of these projects, galvanized steel brackets offer a practical balance of strength, cost-efficiency, and moderate corrosion protection.

• Hot-dip galvanization provides a zinc coating that protects against rust in temperate climates
• Ideal for supporting large cladding areas with consistent panel layouts
• Often used in combination with aluminum subframes to reduce overall system weight
• Cost-effective solution for developers managing tight construction budgets

Critical factor: Regular inspection is advised in high-traffic areas to ensure bracket integrity and prevent loosening from vibration.

Office Buildings

Modern office buildings often incorporate stone cladding into curtain wall systems to combine elegance with performance. In these applications, lightweight yet durable aluminum brackets are commonly used to attach stone panels without adding excessive load to the façade structure.

• Aluminum offers excellent strength-to-weight ratio, reducing stress on the building envelope
• Naturally corrosion-resistant and often anodized or powder-coated for added protection
• Compatible with energy-efficient building envelopes and insulated panel systems
• Allows for precise alignment and tight tolerances in sleek, minimalist designs

Smart choice: Anodized aluminum brackets maintain appearance and function for decades with minimal maintenance.

Retail & Restaurant Spaces

In commercial retail and hospitality environments—such as restaurants, boutiques, and cafes—designers often use heavy stone slabs for interior accent walls, bars, and exterior signage. Adjustable stone cladding brackets are ideal for these applications, especially when working with irregular substrates or custom architectural forms.

• Allow fine-tuning during installation to accommodate uneven surfaces or non-standard geometries
• Support creative designs like floating stone walls, cantilevered counters, and backlit features
• Facilitate quicker installation in occupied or operational spaces with minimal disruption
• Available in various finishes to match interior design schemes (e.g., brushed, polished, or painted)

Design advantage: Adjustable brackets enable last-minute design changes and precise alignment for high-visibility areas.

Material Comparison Guide

Different commercial applications demand specific bracket materials based on load, environment, and budget. Understanding the strengths of each material helps in selecting the optimal solution.

Material	Best For	Corrosion Resistance	Load Capacity	Lifespan
Stainless Steel (304/316)	Hotels, coastal buildings, high-end facades	Excellent	High	50+ years
Galvanized Steel	Shopping malls, office plazas, temperate zones	Good (with maintenance)	High	25–40 years
Aluminum	Curtain walls, lightweight systems, interiors	Very Good	Moderate to High	30–50 years
Carbon Steel (painted)	Industrial or budget-limited projects	Fair (requires coating maintenance)	High	15–25 years

Professional Recommendation: Always match the bracket material and design to the environmental exposure and structural requirements of the project. For mixed-use developments or buildings with multiple cladding zones, a hybrid approach—using stainless steel in exposed areas and galvanized or aluminum in sheltered sections—can optimize both performance and cost. Consult with a structural engineer for load calculations and compliance with local building standards.

Additional Considerations for Commercial Projects

• Fire Safety: Brackets must be part of a non-combustible cladding system in high-rise and public buildings, complying with ASTM E84 or EN 13501-1 standards.
• Maintenance Access: Retrievable systems allow for easy inspection and replacement of damaged panels without full disassembly.
• Sustainability: Recyclable materials like aluminum and stainless steel contribute to LEED or BREEAM certification points.
• Thermal Performance: Use thermally broken brackets to minimize thermal bridging and improve building energy efficiency.
• Acoustic Isolation: Rubber gaskets or vibration-dampening washers can reduce noise transmission in sensitive environments.

How To Choose the Right Stone Cladding Bracket: A Comprehensive Guide

Selecting the appropriate stone cladding bracket is essential for ensuring both the structural integrity and long-term durability of your cladding system. The right bracket not only supports the weight of the stone but also accommodates environmental conditions, mounting surfaces, and material compatibility. Whether you're working on a residential façade, commercial building, or interior accent wall, understanding the key selection criteria will help you make an informed decision that enhances safety, performance, and aesthetics.

Safety & Structural Note: Improper bracket selection can lead to cladding failure, water infiltration, or even detachment over time. Always consult structural engineering guidelines and local building codes before finalizing your bracket system.

Key Factors in Choosing Stone Cladding Brackets

1. Stone Weight and Load-Bearing Capacity

   The weight of the stone cladding is the most critical factor when selecting brackets. Each bracket must be rated to support the dead load of the stone, with an appropriate safety margin (typically 2–3 times the expected load).

   • Lightweight Stones (e.g., Limestone, Sandstone): These materials generally weigh between 10–15 kg/m². Standard stainless steel or galvanized steel brackets with moderate load ratings (20–30 kg per bracket) are usually sufficient.
   • Heavy Stones (e.g., Granite, Slate, Basalt): Denser stones can weigh 25–40 kg/m² or more. In such cases, use high-strength adjustable brackets made from 316-grade stainless steel or reinforced galvanized steel. Look for brackets with load capacities exceeding 50 kg per unit.
   • Adjustable Brackets: Ideal for heavy or uneven stone panels, as they allow for fine-tuning during installation and accommodate slight variations in panel thickness or alignment.
2. Mounting Surface Compatibility

   The substrate to which the brackets are attached significantly influences the type of fastener and bracket design required. Different surfaces demand specific anchoring methods to ensure secure attachment.

   • Concrete or Masonry: Use brackets with pre-drilled threaded holes that accept masonry anchors (e.g., sleeve anchors or chemical anchors). These provide maximum pull-out resistance and long-term stability.
   • Steel Framing: Opt for brackets compatible with self-tapping screws or bolted connections. Ensure the bracket material is corrosion-resistant to prevent galvanic reactions between dissimilar metals.
   • Wood Framing: Use corrosion-resistant brackets with oversized washers or plate-style bases to distribute load and prevent wood splitting. Confirm local fire and moisture resistance requirements, especially for exterior applications.
3. Environmental Exposure and Corrosion Resistance

   Environmental conditions play a major role in bracket longevity. Exposure to moisture, salt, pollution, and temperature fluctuations can accelerate corrosion and material fatigue.

   • Coastal or High-Humidity Areas: Use 316-grade stainless steel brackets, which offer superior resistance to saltwater corrosion compared to 304-grade or galvanized options.
   • Industrial or Polluted Environments: Stainless steel or powder-coated metal brackets help resist chemical degradation from airborne pollutants.
   • Areas with Extreme Temperature Swings: Consider polymer-based or composite brackets that accommodate thermal expansion and contraction. These materials reduce stress on both the stone and the mounting structure, minimizing the risk of cracking.
4. Installation Ease and Adjustability

   Efficient installation reduces labor costs and improves alignment accuracy. Brackets with built-in adjustability features save time and enhance precision.

   • Look for brackets with slotted holes or telescopic arms that allow horizontal and vertical adjustments after initial fixing.
   • Modular bracket systems that snap or lock into place can speed up large-scale installations.
   • Pre-assembled kits with all necessary fasteners and spacers simplify logistics and reduce on-site errors.
5. Stone Type and Thickness Compatibility

   Different natural stones have varying densities, brittleness, and edge conditions, which affect how they interface with brackets.

   • Granite: Dense and strong—compatible with most metal brackets. Ensure the bracket design avoids point loading that could cause edge chipping.
   • Limestone: Softer and more porous—requires wider support bases or cushioned contact points to prevent crushing or cracking.
   • Slate: Brittle and layered—use brackets with even pressure distribution and avoid over-tightening during installation.
   • Always verify that the bracket’s slot or clamp size matches the stone’s thickness (commonly 18–30 mm) for a secure, wobble-free fit.

Stone Type	Recommended Bracket Material	Load Capacity (per bracket)	Best Mounting Surface	Special Considerations
Limestone	Galvanized Steel or 304 Stainless Steel	20–30 kg	Concrete, Wood	Use wide base brackets to prevent crushing
Granite	316 Stainless Steel or Adjustable Metal Brackets	40–60 kg	Concrete, Steel	Ensure even load distribution; avoid edge stress
Slate	Stainless Steel with Rubber Pads	25–35 kg	Concrete, Steel	Handle carefully; use cushioned contact points
Sandstone	Galvanized Steel or Polymer-Composite	20–25 kg	Wood, Masonry	Protect from moisture; avoid overtightening
Basalt/Travertine	316 Stainless Steel or Hybrid Brackets	35–50 kg	Concrete, Steel	Check for hidden voids in stone; use support sleeves

Expert Tip: Always perform a mock-up installation before full-scale deployment. This allows you to test bracket spacing, alignment, drainage, and overall system performance under real-world conditions, helping to catch issues early and ensure compliance with design specifications.

Additional Best Practices

• Maintain proper bracket spacing—typically 600–800 mm apart horizontally and 400–600 mm vertically—based on stone weight and size.
• Incorporate weep holes and drainage channels behind the cladding to prevent moisture buildup.
• Use non-corrosive spacers or shims to maintain consistent air gaps between the stone and wall for ventilation.
• Inspect brackets periodically, especially in high-exposure environments, for signs of corrosion, deformation, or loosening.
• Partner with manufacturers or suppliers who provide technical data sheets, load testing reports, and installation support.

Choosing the right stone cladding bracket is not a one-size-fits-all decision. By carefully evaluating stone weight, mounting surface, environmental exposure, and material compatibility, you can select a bracket system that ensures long-term performance, safety, and visual appeal. When in doubt, consult with a structural engineer or cladding specialist to validate your selection and ensure compliance with regional building standards.

Frequently Asked Questions About Stone Cladding Brackets

Q1: Can stone cladding be installed without brackets?

Generally, stone cladding should not be installed without brackets, as they are essential for ensuring structural stability and long-term durability. Brackets provide secure mechanical anchoring that supports the weight of the stone and resists external forces such as wind loads and thermal expansion.

While adhesive-only systems exist, they are typically limited to lightweight stone veneers—such as thin-cut slate or manufactured stone—and are only recommended for interior applications or sheltered exterior areas with minimal exposure to harsh weather.

• Adhesive-only use cases: Interior accent walls, low-moisture environments, and stones under 20 kg/m².
• Risks of no brackets: Potential detachment over time due to adhesive degradation, freeze-thaw cycles, or substrate movement.
• Best practice: Always combine mechanical fixing (brackets) with high-performance adhesives for exterior installations to meet building code requirements and ensure safety.

In most commercial and residential exterior applications, a bracket-based support system is the industry standard for reliable, code-compliant stone cladding installation.

Q2: Are stone cladding brackets suitable for all types of stones?

No, not all brackets are suitable for every type of natural or engineered stone. The compatibility between brackets and stone depends on several critical factors, including the stone’s density, thickness, porosity, and overall weight per square meter.

For example, dense stones like granite or basalt require robust, heavy-duty brackets capable of withstanding significant loads, while lighter materials such as limestone or sandstone may allow for lighter support systems—provided environmental conditions are favorable.

• Stainless steel brackets: Ideal for high-load applications and corrosive environments; commonly used with dense stones in coastal or high-humidity areas.
• Galvanized steel brackets: Cost-effective and durable for moderate climates but may degrade over time in salty or polluted air.
• Aluminum brackets: Lightweight and corrosion-resistant, best suited for lighter stone panels and non-structural applications.

Additionally, the mounting surface (concrete, masonry, timber, or metal framing) influences bracket selection. Always consult engineering specifications and manufacturer guidelines to match the bracket system with the specific stone and project requirements.

Q3: How do corrosion-resistant brackets benefit exterior stone cladding?

Corrosion-resistant brackets—particularly those made from stainless steel or treated aluminum—are crucial for the longevity and safety of exterior stone cladding systems. When exposed to moisture, salt spray, industrial pollution, or fluctuating temperatures, standard metal brackets can rust or degrade, compromising the entire facade.

Corrosion leads to weakened connections, bracket failure, and potential detachment of stone panels, posing serious safety hazards and costly repairs.

• Prevents structural degradation: Stainless steel (e.g., A4/316 grade) resists pitting and crevice corrosion, especially in marine environments.
• Extends service life: Corrosion-resistant brackets can last 50+ years with minimal maintenance, aligning with the expected lifespan of high-quality cladding.
• Maintains aesthetic integrity: Avoids unsightly rust stains that can bleed onto stone surfaces, preserving the building’s appearance.
• Meets building codes: Many local regulations require corrosion-resistant fixings for high-rise or coastal buildings.

Investing in high-grade, corrosion-resistant brackets is a cost-effective measure that ensures long-term performance, safety, and compliance in demanding outdoor conditions.

Q4: What role do brackets play in ventilated facade systems?

In ventilated facade systems, brackets serve as the primary structural interface between the building envelope and the stone cladding, enabling a critical air gap behind the panels. This gap is fundamental to the system’s performance, promoting continuous airflow from the bottom to the top of the facade.

The brackets are precisely engineered to securely hold the stone while maintaining consistent spacing for optimal ventilation.

• Moisture management: Airflow allows trapped moisture to escape, reducing the risk of mold, rot, and water damage to the building structure.
• Thermal regulation: The air cavity acts as a buffer zone, minimizing heat transfer and improving energy efficiency by reducing cooling loads in summer and heat loss in winter.
• Pressure equalization: Helps balance wind pressure across the facade, reducing stress on the cladding and preventing water infiltration.
• Durability enhancement: By minimizing thermal expansion and contraction cycles, brackets help prevent cracking and spalling of the stone.

Modern ventilated facade brackets are often adjustable, allowing for precise alignment and accommodation of dimensional tolerances during installation. Their design directly contributes to the sustainability, energy performance, and resilience of contemporary building envelopes.

Q5: Can plastic brackets support heavy stone materials?

No, plastic brackets are generally not suitable for supporting heavy stone materials. While certain high-strength polymers or composite materials may be used in niche applications for very light stone veneers, they lack the tensile strength, creep resistance, and durability required for structural stone cladding.

Plastics can degrade under UV exposure, become brittle in cold temperatures, and deform over time under sustained load—a phenomenon known as "creep"—making them unreliable for long-term structural support.

• Load limitations: Plastic brackets typically support less than 10–15 kg/m², far below the weight of most natural stone panels (which can exceed 50–100 kg/m²).
• Environmental vulnerability: Susceptible to thermal expansion, UV degradation, and chemical exposure, limiting their use to controlled indoor settings.
• Safety concerns: Failure of plastic supports can lead to panel detachment, posing risks to people and property.

For heavy stone applications, metal brackets—especially stainless steel—are the only safe and code-compliant option. Plastic components, if used at all, should only serve as secondary fixings or insulation spacers, never as primary load-bearing elements.