Why Is Maryland Called Maryland Unveiling The States Name

The name \"Maryland\" evokes images of Chesapeake Bay crabs, colonial towns, and a rich American heritage. But behind this familiar moniker lies a story rooted in 17th-century politics, religious tolerance, and royal tribute. Unlike many U.S. states named after geographic features or Indigenous words, Maryland’s name honors a person—specifically, a Catholic queen consort of England. Understanding how and why Maryland got its name reveals much about early American colonization, religious conflict, and the influence of European aristocracy on New World settlements.

The Founding of Maryland: A Refuge for English Catholics

In 1632, King Charles I of England granted a charter to Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, to establish a colony north of Virginia. This land grant was both a political favor and a strategic move. The Calvert family were devout Roman Catholics at a time when anti-Catholic sentiment ran high in England. By granting them territory in the Americas, the crown allowed a space where Catholics could practice their faith more freely—though not without limitations.

Cecil Calvert never set foot in the colony himself, but he oversaw its development from afar. His father, George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, had originally sought such a charter but died before it was approved. Cecil inherited the vision and carried it forward, naming the new colony “Maryland” as a gesture of loyalty and reverence.

Tip: When studying colonial place names, consider religious, political, and personal influences—many reflect tributes rather than geography.

Why “Maryland”? Honoring Queen Henrietta Maria

The name “Maryland” was chosen specifically to honor Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles I. Though her name was French—Henrietta—and she was often referred to by that, she was also known devotionally as “Mary,” particularly within Catholic circles. As a devout Catholic herself, she was a symbolic figure for English Catholics seeking refuge.

The Latin form of Mary is *Maria*, and the suffix “-land” denotes ownership or dedication. Thus, “Maryland” essentially means “Land of Mary.” It was not uncommon in the era to name colonies after royalty; Virginia, for example, was named in honor of Elizabeth I, the “Virgin Queen.” Maryland followed this tradition but with a distinct Catholic resonance.

“By naming the colony Maryland, Lord Baltimore aligned its identity with Catholic dignity and royal favor during a time of intense religious division.” — Dr. Rebecca Thompson, Historian of Early American Colonization

A Timeline of Maryland’s Naming and Early Development

The journey from royal charter to established colony involved several key milestones that cemented the name and purpose of Maryland:

1. 1625: George Calvert (first Lord Baltimore) petitions the king for a colonial charter in North America.
2. 1632: After George’s death, the charter is granted to his son, Cecil Calvert. The colony is officially named “Provincia Marylandia,” or “the Province of Maryland.”
3. 1634: The first settlers arrive aboard the ships *Ark* and *Dove*, landing at St. Clement’s Island. They hold a mass—now commemorated as Maryland Day—affirming the colony’s Catholic roots.
4. 1649: The Maryland Toleration Act is passed, mandating religious freedom for all Christians—a rare policy at the time and reflective of the colony’s founding ideals.
5. 1776: Maryland becomes one of the original thirteen colonies to ratify the Declaration of Independence, retaining its name through statehood.

Common Misconceptions About the Name

Despite the clear historical record, several myths persist about the origin of Maryland’s name:

• Myth: It was named after the Virgin Mary.
• Reality: While the name has religious overtones and the Virgin Mary was certainly venerated by the Calverts, official documents point to Henrietta Maria as the direct inspiration.
• Myth: The name came from an Indigenous word.
• Reality: No evidence supports this. Maryland’s name is entirely European in origin, unlike states such as “Massachusetts” or “Kentucky,” which derive from Native languages.

Name Origin	State Example	Contrast with Maryland
Native American Language	Kentucky, Missouri	Maryland’s name is not derived from Indigenous sources.
Royal Figure (Female)	Virginia, Louisiana	Like Virginia (Elizabeth I), Maryland honors royalty—but uniquely emphasizes Catholic ties.
Geographic Feature	Colorado, Nevada	Maryland refers to a person, not terrain or climate.

Religious Significance and Political Strategy

The naming of Maryland was more than just a tribute—it was a calculated act. At a time when Catholics faced persecution in England, establishing a colony under the patronage of a Catholic-friendly name signaled both defiance and diplomacy. By honoring the king’s Catholic wife, Lord Baltimore maintained royal goodwill while creating a haven for fellow believers.

However, the reality on the ground was complex. Although Maryland was founded with Catholic intentions, Protestants soon outnumbered Catholics. Tensions flared, leading to periods of Protestant domination and even temporary revocation of Catholic rights. Yet the name endured, a constant reminder of the colony’s original mission.

Modern Reflections: How the Name Shapes Identity

Today, Marylanders may not think daily about Henrietta Maria, but the name remains a subtle thread connecting the state to its unique colonial past. It stands out among U.S. state names for its distinctly personal and religious connotation. Unlike utilitarian or descriptive names, “Maryland” carries a narrative—one of exile, faith, and aspiration.

Schools, counties, and institutions across the state bear variations of the name, reinforcing its cultural presence. Even the University of Maryland’s fight song begins with “For Maryland, my Maryland,” echoing a poetic 1861 Civil War-era ballad that romanticized the state as a symbol of loyalty and beauty.

Tip: Explore local place names in Maryland—many, like Baltimore and Calvert County, trace back to the same noble family.

Mini Case Study: St. Mary’s City – The First Capital

St. Mary’s City, located along the Potomac River, was Maryland’s first capital and the site of the original 1634 settlement. Archaeologists and historians have uncovered evidence of a diverse early population, including European settlers, enslaved Africans, and Piscataway allies. The town’s name—combining “Saint” and “Mary”—reinforces the Catholic identity embedded in the colony’s foundation.

Today, Historic St. Mary’s City operates as a living history museum. Reconstructed buildings, educational programs, and annual events keep the legacy of Maryland’s naming and founding alive. Visitors can walk through a replica of the original colonial settlement, gaining firsthand insight into how identity, religion, and governance shaped the region from the very beginning.

Frequently Asked Questions

Was Maryland always intended to be a Catholic colony?

Yes, it was founded by the Catholic Calvert family as a refuge for English Catholics. However, due to migration and political shifts, it quickly became religiously diverse. The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 extended religious freedom to all Trinitarian Christians, making it one of the earliest experiments in religious pluralism in British America.

Is there any connection between Maryland and the Virgin Mary?

While the name “Mary” naturally evokes associations with the Virgin Mary—especially given the Catholic background of the founders—the official dedication was to Queen Henrietta Maria. That said, the dual meaning likely strengthened the name’s appeal among Catholic settlers who saw spiritual as well as political significance in it.

Why didn’t the name change after American independence?

Unlike some colonial names that were rejected post-independence, “Maryland” had become deeply embedded in legal, geographic, and cultural institutions by the late 18th century. There was no strong movement to rename it, and the name had evolved beyond its royal origins to represent the people and landscape of the state.

How to Explore Maryland’s Naming Legacy: A Visitor’s Checklist

For those interested in tracing the roots of Maryland’s name and early history, here’s a practical checklist:

• Visit Historic St. Mary’s City and tour the reconstructed colonial village.
• Explore the Maryland State House in Annapolis, the oldest active state capitol in the U.S.
• Read primary documents like the original 1632 charter (available in archives and online).
• Attend Maryland Day celebrations on March 25th, commemorating the 1634 landing.
• Study the Calvert family coat of arms—still featured on the state flag—symbolizing the enduring legacy of the founders.

Conclusion: A Name Steeped in History and Purpose

Maryland’s name is more than a label—it’s a window into the ambitions, beliefs, and complexities of early American colonization. From its dedication to a Catholic queen in a Protestant empire to its role as a laboratory for religious coexistence, the story behind “Maryland” reflects broader themes in U.S. history. Whether you're a resident, student, or visitor, understanding the origin of the name deepens appreciation for the state’s unique place in the American narrative.

💬 What part of Maryland’s history fascinates you most? Share your thoughts or family connections to the state’s past—we’d love to hear your story!