Why Jesus Is Called The Son Of Man Exploring The Meaning

Among the many titles attributed to Jesus—Messiah, Savior, Son of God—one appears more frequently in the Gospels than any other: “Son of Man.” Used over 80 times in the New Testament, almost exclusively by Jesus Himself, this designation carries profound theological, historical, and prophetic significance. Unlike “Son of God,” which emphasizes divine origin, “Son of Man” connects Jesus to humanity, prophecy, and a unique messianic identity rooted in ancient scripture. Understanding why Jesus chose this title reveals deeper layers of His mission, humility, and authority.

The Historical Roots of 'Son of Man'

The phrase “Son of Man” predates the New Testament by centuries. In the Old Testament, it appears most notably in the Book of Daniel and the writings of the prophets. In Ezekiel, for example, God repeatedly addresses the prophet as “son of man,” emphasizing his human frailty and role as a messenger among a rebellious people (Ezekiel 2:1). Here, the term underscores contrast between divine glory and human limitation.

However, the most pivotal use comes in Daniel 7:13–14:

“I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came one like a son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before him. And to him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him; his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away.”

This vision presents a figure of cosmic authority—a heavenly being who receives eternal rule from God. Early Jewish interpretation recognized this “one like a son of man” as a messianic or divine figure. When Jesus applies this title to Himself, He is invoking not only His humanity but also His claim to divine authority and eschatological kingship.

Jesus’ Use of 'Son of Man' in the Gospels

In the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke), Jesus uses “Son of Man” in three distinct contexts, each revealing a different dimension of His identity:

• Suffering and Death: “The Son of Man must suffer many things… and be killed, and after three days rise again” (Mark 8:31).
• Authority and Forgiveness: “The Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins” (Mark 2:10).
• Future Glory and Judgment: “Then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory” (Mark 13:26).

This triadic pattern reflects a complete picture: the Son of Man is both humble servant and sovereign judge, fully embedded in human experience yet destined for cosmic exaltation. By choosing this title, Jesus avoids the politically charged terms like “King” or “Messiah,” which could incite premature rebellion or misunderstanding, while still affirming His divine mission.

Tip: When reading Gospel passages, note how Jesus introduces Himself as the \"Son of Man\"—it often signals a teaching about His mission, suffering, or future return.

The Dual Nature: Fully Human, Fully Divine

The title “Son of Man” anchors Jesus firmly in human history. He was born, grew tired, wept, ate, and died—experiencing every aspect of human life except sin (Hebrews 4:15). This authentic humanity enables Him to sympathize with human weakness and serve as a high priest who intercedes on behalf of humanity.

Yet, the same title, when read through the lens of Daniel’s vision, points beyond mere humanity. The “Son of Man” in Daniel is not just a mortal man but a transcendent figure who shares in divine authority. Jesus’ self-designation thus bridges two realities: true humanity and divine commission.

As theologian N.T. Wright observes:

“The phrase ‘Son of Man’ allowed Jesus to express both his identification with the human race and his vocation to exercise divine authority. It was a way of saying, ‘I am the one through whom God’s rule is breaking into the world.’” — N.T. Wright, Jesus and the Victory of God

This duality prevents reductionist views of Jesus either as merely a moral teacher or as a distant deity untouched by suffering. Instead, He is the incarnate Word—God with us—who enters our pain to redeem it.

A Comparative Look at Key Titles of Jesus

Title	Biblical Reference	Primary Emphasis	Distinguishing Feature
Son of Man	Daniel 7:13; Mark 2:10	Humanity & Messianic Authority	Used primarily by Jesus of Himself
Son of God	Matthew 16:16; John 1:49	Divine Nature & Relationship with Father	Declared by others and at key moments (e.g., baptism, transfiguration)
Messiah/Christ	John 1:41; Matthew 16:16	Anointed King & Deliverer	Jewish expectation of a political/liberating figure
Lamb of God	John 1:29	Sacrificial Atonement	Connects to Passover and Temple sacrifices

This comparison shows that “Son of Man” stands apart—not because it denies divinity, but because it frames divinity within the context of human experience and prophetic fulfillment.

Why Not Just Say 'Messiah'?

During Jesus’ time, “Messiah” carried strong nationalistic expectations. Many Jews anticipated a warrior-king who would overthrow Roman rule and restore Israel’s political sovereignty. By using “Son of Man,” Jesus redirected attention from earthly liberation to spiritual renewal, cosmic judgment, and redemptive suffering.

Consider a real-life scenario: when Peter confesses Jesus as the Messiah (Matthew 16:16), Jesus immediately begins teaching about His impending suffering. Peter rebukes Him, unable to reconcile the idea of a suffering Messiah. Jesus responds sharply, “Get behind me, Satan!”—not because Peter is evil, but because he represents a common misunderstanding of what the Messiah must be. The title “Son of Man” subtly corrects this by embedding suffering and service into the very identity of the coming King.

Step-by-Step Understanding of the Title's Significance

1. Recognize the Old Testament foundation – Study Daniel 7 and Ezekiel to see how “son of man” functions in prophecy and divine address.
2. Observe Jesus’ consistent self-reference – Note how He uses the phrase in teachings about forgiveness, suffering, and return.
3. Compare it with other titles – See how “Son of Man” complements rather than replaces “Son of God” or “Messiah.”
4. Reflect on its theological balance – Appreciate how it affirms both full humanity and divine authority.
5. Apply it personally – Recognize that Jesus, as Son of Man, understands your struggles and will one day return as Judge and King.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does 'Son of Man' mean Jesus was only human?

No. While the title emphasizes Jesus’ humanity, its use in Daniel 7 points to a divine, eternal figure. In the Gospels, Jesus combines this title with actions and claims that reveal His divinity—forgiving sins, accepting worship, and predicting His own resurrection.

Why didn’t Jesus call Himself 'Son of God' more often?

In a Jewish context, directly claiming to be “Son of God” in a divine sense could be seen as blasphemy and provoke immediate opposition. “Son of Man” allowed Jesus to gradually reveal His identity while fulfilling prophecy and avoiding political manipulation.

Is 'Son of Man' still relevant today?

Yes. It reminds believers that Jesus understands human pain, temptation, and mortality. At the same time, it assures us that the One who walked among us will return in glory to judge the living and the dead.

Tip: When praying or meditating on Jesus’ identity, reflect on His title as 'Son of Man'—it deepens empathy and trust in His understanding of your daily struggles.

Conclusion: Embracing the Full Identity of Jesus

The title “Son of Man” is far more than a modest way for Jesus to refer to Himself. It is a rich, multi-layered declaration of who He is—fully human, intimately acquainted with sorrow and fatigue, yet invested with divine authority to forgive, heal, and reign. It roots His mission in Scripture, redirects cultural expectations, and offers enduring hope.

Understanding this title transforms how we view Jesus—not as a distant deity, nor merely a wise teacher, but as the promised One who entered our world to suffer, serve, and ultimately save. As you reflect on His words and works, remember that the Son of Man knows your name, feels your burdens, and will one day return in glory.

🚀 Ready to go deeper? Re-read the Gospels with special attention to every time Jesus says 'Son of Man.' You’ll discover new insights into His mission and heart. Share your reflections with a friend or in your study group to grow together in understanding.