Coal-Fired Plants | Industrial complexes, coal-rich areas | Thermal Efficiency: 38% (ISO 15603) Emissions: 1.2kg CO₂/kWh (IEA) | High energy output (2MW baseline), reliable baseload power | High CO₂ emissions (▲ Base: 1.1kg, Advanced: 0.9kg ▲) Regulatory compliance costs ($500k/yr) |
Biomass Plants | Agricultural regions, waste-to-energy | Fuel Flexibility: Agricultural waste (EN 14981) Efficiency: 25% (ISO 15603) | Renewable fuel source, waste utilization (e.g., crop residues) | Lower efficiency ▲ Base: 28%, Advanced: 32% Fuel storage challenges (requires 100m² storage) |
Natural Gas Turbines | Urban areas, peaking demand | Fast startup: 10 mins (IEEE 1159) Efficiency: 42% (ISO 15603) | Quick response (10 mins), lower emissions than coal (▲ Base: 0.8kg CO₂/kWh) | Gas price volatility (±20% annually) Water usage (▲ Base: 450L/MWh, Advanced: 300L/MWh ▲) |
Solar PV Systems | Sunny regions, distributed generation | Efficiency: 18% (IEC 61215) Capacity Factor: 20-25% | Zero emissions, modular scalability (▲ Base: 2MW, Advanced: 3MW ▲) | Intermittent output (requires battery storage) Land use (▲ Base: 2ha/MW, Advanced: 1.5ha/MW ▲) |
Wind Turbines | Wind-rich areas, remote locations | Capacity Factor: 30-40% (IEC 61400-12) Noise: 100 dB (ISO 9613) | Low operational costs ($0.03/kWh), renewable energy | Weather-dependent (output drops 30% in low wind) Visual impact (visibility up to 5km) |
Coal Gasification Plants | Industrial complexes, fuel flexibility | Thermal Efficiency: Industry: 38% ▲ Base: 42% ▲ Advanced: 48% (ISO 15603) Fuel Flexibility: Coal/Biomass blends (EN 14981) | Higher efficiency (▲ Base +4%, Advanced +10%) Fuel flexibility (coal + biomass) | Higher capital cost (▲ Base: $2.5M, Advanced: $3.0M ▲) Complex maintenance (requires 20% more technicians) |