Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) | Subway tunnels, large-diameter water tunnels | 1. Cutting Head: High-strength steel (ASTM A536-1060 MPa) with tungsten carbide tools (ISO 5901) 2. Control Panel: Real-time sensor monitoring (IEC 61131-3) | ▲ Advanced: 40% faster excavation in hard rock (vs industry standard) ▲ Base: 30m/day progress (ISO 14698) | High cost (▲ Base: $2M+, Advanced: $3M+) |
Pipe Jacking Machines | Urban utility lines, small-diameter tunnels | 1. Warranty: 1 year (▲ Advanced: 2 years) 2. Jack Force: 1200 kN (EN 15319) 3. Control System: Manual + semi-automation | ▲ Base: Compact design for tight spaces (width: 2.5m) Cost-effective ($500k-$800k) | Limited to diameters ≤1.5m (▲ Standard: 800mm max) |
Shield Machines | Soft-ground metro tunnels, urban renewal projects | 1. Earth Pressure Control: ±5% accuracy (BS 8007) 2. Segment Erection: Automated (ISO 14596) | ▲ Advanced: 20% faster lining installation ▲ Base: 10 segments/hr | Requires skilled operators (▲ Training cost: $50k+/project) |
Auger Boring Machines | Short-run utility tunnels, bridge foundations | 1. Drilling Diameter: 0.6–3m (ASTM F1810) 2. Torque: 150 kN·m (DIN 3044) | Low disruption (▲ Base: 1-day setup) Cost-efficient for shallow depths | ▲ Standard: Max depth 15m (vs Advanced: 25m) |
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) | Pipeline crossings, telecom lines | 1. Bore Accuracy: ±1.5% of depth (API 1104) 2. Pullback Force: 500 kN (ISO 17816) | Minimal surface disruption (▲ Base: 90% less spoil) Fast setup (▲ Standard: 24hr) | ▲ Standard: Max diameter 1.2m (vs Advanced: 1.8m) |
Microtunneling Machines | Sewer systems, underground pipelines | 1. Guidance System: Laser-guided (ISO 14698) 2. Alignment Tolerance: ±5mm/m (EN 13785) | ▲ Advanced: 99.8% accuracy (vs industry 98.5%) Continuous pipe laying | High maintenance (▲ Base: $15k/month) |