Construction Fasteners | Structural support in buildings/bridges | Material: ASTM A307 steel (base) ▲ AISI 304 stainless steel (advanced, 46% ↑ tensile strength1) Thread: M8 (8mm diameter, 1.25mm pitch)2 | High load-bearing capacity (base: 345 MPa ▲ advanced: 505 MPa) Compliance with DIN 976/ASTM A307 standards | Base version may corrode in coastal environments3 |
Automotive Components | Wheel studs, engine mounts | Metric threads (M6.3–M64)4 Surface: plain (base) ▲ bright zinc-plated (advanced, friction reduction 25%)5 | Precision threading for secure fastening Compatibility with global automotive standards (ISO/JIS) | Limited to metric systems (no imperial equivalents) |
Industrial Machinery | Heavy-duty equipment assembly | Thread size up to M64 (diameter 64mm, 5mm pitch)6 Material: ASTM A307 steel (base) ▲ 430 stainless steel (advanced, 30% ↑ corrosion resistance)7 | Supports loads up to 120 kN8 Customizable thread pitch (e.g., M42x1.5)9 | Larger sizes require specialized tools (torque wrenches) |
Electrical Enclosures | Panel grounding, electrical hardware | Stainless steel (304/316) ▲ with IEC 60947 compliance10 Thread: M12 (conforms to DIN 976)11 | Low electrical resistance (≤0.02 Ω/m)12 Resists salt/fog corrosion (500+ hours neutral salt spray)13 | Higher cost than carbon steel alternatives |
Marine Applications | Boat fittings, offshore platforms | 316L stainless steel ▲ (pitting resistance equivalent number ≥43)14 Thread: M16 (16mm diameter, 2mm pitch)15 | Withstands seawater exposure (ASTM B117)16 Weight: 8.9 g/cm³ (lighter than bronze)17 | Higher density may require reinforced mounting points |
Aerospace Components | Aircraft structural fastening | Thread: M10 (10mm diameter, 1.5mm pitch)18 Material: IFI-certified alloy ▲ (yield strength 620 MPa)19 | Meets FAA/EASA standards (e.g., NAS1881)20 Temperature tolerance: -55°C to +300°C21 | Costly certification process (e.g., NASM compliance)22 |