Ceramic Membrane Modules | Industrial water treatment, pharmaceuticals | Pore Size: Industry 0.2 µm ▲ Base 0.1 µm ▲▲ Advanced 0.05 µm (ISO 16889); Ceramic construction | High filtration efficiency (▲▲ over Industry), durable, long lifespan | Higher upfront cost, requires careful handling to prevent breakage |
Reverse Osmosis Systems | Desalination, drinking water purification | Salt Rejection: Industry 95% ▲ Base 98% ▲▲ Advanced 99.5% (ISO 16889); Lower energy (Base: 45 bar vs Industry 50 bar) | Removes dissolved ions (e.g., salts), produces high-purity water | High energy consumption, generates wastewater |
Ultrafiltration Systems | Bacteria removal, pre-treatment for RO | Pore Size: Industry 0.1 µm ▲ Base 0.05 µm ▲▲ Advanced 0.01 µm (ISO 16889); Higher flow rate (Base: 60 L/m²h) | Lower operational pressure than RO, cost-effective for particulate removal | Doesn’t remove dissolved ions, requires periodic cleaning |
Activated Carbon Filters | Chlorine/odor removal, chemical adsorption | Adsorption Capacity: Industry 50 mg/g ▲ Base 60 mg/g ▲▲ Advanced 70 mg/g (ASTM D3810); Longer service life (Base: 6 months) | Effective for organic compound removal, improves taste/odor | Limited capacity, frequent replacement needed |
Sand Filters | Sediment removal in pre-treatment | Particle Removal: Industry 50 µm ▲ Base 20 µm ▲▲ Advanced 10 µm (ISO 16889); Reduced backwash frequency (Base: weekly) | Low cost, simple operation | Ineffective for fine particles (<10 µm), requires regular backwashing |
Membrane Bioreactors | Wastewater treatment, industrial effluent | Effluent Quality: BOD Industry 20 mg/L ▲ Base 10 mg/L ▲▲ Advanced 5 mg/L (ISO 16889); Longer membrane lifespan (Base: 3 years) | High effluent quality, compact footprint | Complex maintenance, higher capital cost |