Cylindrical Li-ion | Power tools, portable electronics | Capacity: 8800mAh (Base) ▲ 10000mAh (Advanced) (Industry Standard: 5000mAh) Voltage: 11.1V (IEC 60099-1) Certifications: RoHS, CE (EU directives) | High energy density, durable cylindrical design (resists impacts) | Bulky form factor (vs. pouch/prismatic), premium cost (vs. lead-acid) |
Pouch Li-ion | Smartphones, laptops | Capacity: Up to 12000mAh (varies by design) Voltage: 3.7V/cell (ISO 14500) Flexibility: Customizable shapes (ASTM D638) | Lightweight, ultra-thin form factor (ideal for wearables) | Fragile casing (requires protective housing), prone to swelling |
Prismatic Li-ion | Electric vehicles, medical devices | Capacity: 10000mAh–20000mAh (IEC 62133) Voltage: 12V–48V (customizable) Thermal stability: Operates at 60°C (UL 2054) | Compact footprint (space-efficient), stable performance under load | Higher upfront cost (vs. cylindrical), limited shape adaptability |
Lead-Acid | Automotive batteries, UPS systems | Capacity: 50Ah–200Ah (IEC 60095) Voltage: 12V (IEC 60095) Lifespan: 3–5 years (ASTM D5255) | Low cost (entry-level), tolerant of deep discharge cycles | Heavy weight (bulky packaging), low energy density (50–100 Wh/kg) |
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) | Digital cameras, hybrid vehicles | Capacity: 1800mAh–3000mAh (IEC 61960) Voltage: 1.2V/cell (IEC 60086) Memory effect resistance: Minimal (IEC 61951) | No memory effect (vs. NiCd), recyclable materials (RoHS compliant) | Lower energy density (vs. Li-ion), high self-discharge rate (~20%/month) |
Alkaline (Non-Rechargeable) | Flashlights, remote controls | Capacity: 2000mAh–3000mAh (IEC 60086) Voltage: 1.5V (nominal) Shelf life: 5–10 years (ASTM D3197) | Long shelf life (ideal for infrequent use), stable voltage output (no sag) | Single-use only (environmental waste), low energy density (~150 Wh/kg) |