Hall Effect Current Sensors | Industrial automation, power distribution | - Current Range: 50–600A (IEC 60217) - Output: 0–5V analog (IEC 61000-4-4) - Technology: Non-contact Hall effect (ASTM F1789) | ▲ Compact design (50% smaller than LEM HAS-S series) Real-time monitoring High-speed response (≤1ms) | Lower accuracy at low currents (±2% vs shunts' ±0.5%) Susceptible to magnetic interference (ISO 11452-8) |
Current Transformers (CT) | Grid monitoring, energy metering | - Current Range: 1–5000A (IEC 60044-1) - Output: 1A/5A (IEC 61850) - Accuracy: ±0.2% (IEC 60044-7) | High accuracy at rated current Galvanic isolation (IEC 61010-1) | Requires AC excitation Large physical size (2x larger than Hall sensors) Zero current drift |
Rogowski Coil Sensors | High-frequency AC measurement | - Frequency Range: 0–100kHz (IEC 61000-4-7) - Output: Differential signal (IEC 61000-4-19) - Linearity: ±0.5% (ASTM F2258) | Excellent linearity over wide frequency ranges No saturation risk | Requires integrator circuit (adds cost) Temperature-dependent performance (ISO 16750-5) |
Optical Current Sensors | High-voltage power systems | - Isolation Voltage: 100kV (IEC 61850-3) - Bandwidth: 0–1MHz (IEC 61000-4-18) - Response Time: 10ns (IEEE C37.118) | Ultimate galvanic isolation Immune to EMI (IEC 61000-4-3) | High cost (3x Hall sensors) Temperature sensitivity (±0.1% per °C) Complex calibration |
Shunt Resistors | Battery management systems | - Resistance: 1mΩ–10Ω (IEC 60298) - Power Rating: 10W–500W (IEC 60068-2-78) - Accuracy: ±0.1% (ASTM E230) | Highest accuracy (±0.1%) Simple linear output | Generates heat (50W@100A) Requires voltage measurement circuitry Low current range (≤1000A) |
Electromagnetic Sensors | Motor control, HVAC systems | - Frequency Range: DC–1kHz (IEC 60044-8) - Current Range: 10–2000A (IEC 61850-9-2) - Response Time: 5ms (IEEE 1588) | Robust in harsh environments (IP67) Low cost (half of Hall sensors) | Limited frequency response Temperature drift (±0.5%/°C) No isolation capability |