Niobium Oxide Capacitors | High-frequency circuits, automotive electronics | Ultra-Low ESR (≤10 mΩ at 100kHz, IEC 60384-17) ▲ High Ripple Current (3A at 100kHz) Multianode Technology Surface Mount (SMT) | ▲ 50% lower ESR than Aluminum Electrolytic Compact SMT design for space constraints High reliability under surges | Higher cost than Aluminum Electrolytic Limited voltage range (up to 40V) |
Aluminum Electrolytic | Power supplies, SMPS | High capacitance (up to 1000µF, IEC 60384-4) Moderate ESR (20-50 mΩ) Through-hole/SMT | Cost-effective for high-capacitance needs Wide voltage range (up to 500V) | Bulky size Shorter lifespan (5,000–10,000 hours) Higher ESR than Niobium |
Tantalum Capacitors | Consumer electronics, decoupling | Small footprint (0402 package, JEDEC MO-153) ±10% tolerance (IEC 60384-14) High volumetric efficiency | Compact size for space-constrained designs Stable performance over temp | Catastrophic failure risk (short circuit) Voltage-sensitive (overvoltage risk) |
Ceramic Capacitors | High-frequency filtering, decoupling | Low ESR (0.01Ω typical, IEC 60384-8-1) Wide voltage range (up to 500V) ±5% tolerance (Class 1) | Excellent high-frequency performance Robust against mechanical stress | Lower capacitance (typically <100µF) Capacitance drift with voltage (Class 2) |
Film Capacitors | High-voltage applications, industrial | High voltage rating (up to 2kV, IEC 60384-11) Low leakage (1µA max, MIL-PRF-55365) | Long operational life (up to 100,000 hours) Stable over temperature and voltage | Bulky size for equivalent capacitance Higher cost than Aluminum Electrolytic |
Supercapacitors | Energy storage, backup power | High energy density (5–10 Wh/kg, IEC 62391-2) Fast charge/discharge (seconds) | Rapid energy delivery Long cycle life (1,000,000+ cycles) | Lower voltage (typically <3kV) Higher cost per Wh compared to batteries |