Lithium-Ion Batteries | Residential energy storage | Durable composite enclosure (IP65 rated) | Compact and portable design for tight spaces | Higher upfront cost compared to lead-acid |
| Off-grid solar systems | Lifepo4 chemistry (2,000+ cycles at 80% DoD) | Long lifespan and stable performance | Requires compatible inverter for installation |
| Commercial backup power | 24V/200Ah capacity (5.12 kWh usable energy) | High energy density in a small footprint | Limited scalability beyond certain thresholds |
Lead-Acid Batteries | Budget energy storage solutions | AGM technology (Maintenance-free, spill-proof) | Lower initial cost | Shorter lifespan (500-800 cycles) |
| Temporary backup power | 12V/100Ah capacity (1.2 kWh usable energy) | Widely compatible with most inverters | Heavier and bulkier than lithium options |
Sodium-Ion Batteries | Large-scale grid storage | Sodium-based chemistry (non-toxic materials) | Sustainable and environmentally friendly | Limited availability in consumer markets |
| Industrial applications | High thermal stability (Operates at higher temps) | Safe for high-demand, extreme environments | Lower energy density compared to lithium |
Flow Batteries | Long-duration energy storage | Vanadium redox chemistry (10,000+ cycles) | Extremely long lifespan and durability | High installation and maintenance costs |
| Utility-scale renewable integration | Modular design (easily expandable capacity) | Ideal for large-scale energy management | Lower energy density than lithium or sodium |
Nickel-Cadmium Batteries | Aviation and railway applications | Rugged design (Operates in extreme temperatures) | Reliable in harsh conditions | Toxic materials and disposal challenges |
| Emergency backup systems | High discharge rate capability | Performs well under high load demands | Heavy and less efficient than modern chemistries |
Solid-State Batteries | Next-gen portable electronics | Solid electrolyte (Non-flammable design) | Higher energy density and safety | Still in development, limited commercial use |
| Automotive (EVs) | Compact form factor with rapid charging ability | Potential for faster charging and longer range | Higher production costs at current stage |