Thermoelectric Coolers | Small electronics, lab equipment, portable refrigeration | - Voltage: 12V (Industry Standard: 12–24V ▲) - Cooling Capacity: 50W (per ASTM E1159) - Noise Level: 43 dBA (quieter than refrigerator hum ▲▲) - Material: Ceramic composite (ISO 3801: 285 GSM ▲) | ▲ Silent operation ▲ Compact design ▲ No moving parts ▲ High efficiency (COP 1.2) | ▲▲ Lower cooling capacity vs mechanical systems ▲ Requires precise power control |
Mechanical Coolers | Large appliances, industrial cooling | - Cooling Capacity: 100–500W (Industry Standard) - Noise Level: 50–60 dBA (loud ▼) - Weight: 5–20 kg | ▲ High cooling capacity ▲ Cost-effective for large-scale use | ▼ Noisy operation ▼ Bulky design ▼ Moving parts prone to wear |
Peltier Elements | Medical devices, temperature-sensitive equipment | - Efficiency: COP 1.2 (Industry Standard: 0.8–1.5 ▲) - Reversibility: Heating/Cooling (ASTM F739 compliant) | ▲ Compact and reversible ▲ No external moving parts | ▲▲ Limited cooling capacity (50W max) ▲ Requires heatsinks for efficiency |
Heat Pipes | Laptop cooling, solar panels | - Thermal Conductivity: 10,000 W/mK (Industry Standard) - Weight: Lightweight (ISO 3801: 150 GSM ▲) | ▲ Efficient passive heat transfer ▲ Lightweight design | ▼ Limited to linear heat paths ▼ Not suitable for active cooling needs |
Phase Change Materials | Thermal energy storage, building insulation | - Latent Heat: 200 kJ/kg (Industry Standard) - Temperature Stability: ±1°C during phase change | ▲ Energy-efficient storage ▲ No moving parts | ▼ Slow response time ▼ Bulky for high-capacity applications |
Air Cooling Systems | Electronics cooling, HVAC systems | - Noise Level: 55–70 dBA (Industry Standard ▼) - CFM: 100–200 (per ASHRAE standards) | ▲ Low cost and simple design | ▼ Noisy operation ▼ Less effective in confined spaces |