Category | Usage Scenarios | Characteristics | Advantages | Disadvantages |
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Certification Compliance | Automotive manufacturing, aftermarket installations | Industry: ISO 6722 (basic automotive safety) | Base: UL 1459 (▲) | Advanced: UL+TUV (▲▲) |
| | Base: UL Listed (ensures electrical safety) | Ensures regulatory compliance for most regions. | Base may not meet regions requiring dual certifications. |
| | Advanced: Dual UL+TUV (▲▲) | Broad international acceptance (e.g., EU/Asia). | Higher cost due to dual certification testing. |
| Pin Configuration | Multi-vehicle wiring integration | Industry: 2p standard (ISO 6722) | Base: 2p (matches standard) | Advanced: 4p (▲) |
| | | Base: 2p (meets ISO 6722) | Cost-effective for standard applications. | Limited to basic connectivity needs. |
| | | Advanced: 4p (▲) | Supports advanced features (e.g., reverse cameras with sensors). | Requires compatible vehicle systems. |
| Connection Type | High-vibration environments (e.g., engines) | Industry: Crimped connections (common in automotive) | Base: Crimped (ISO 6722) | Advanced: Soldered+crimped (▲▲) |
| | | Base: Crimped (standard reliability) | Meets basic durability needs. | Risk of loosening over time in extreme conditions. |
| | | Advanced: Soldered+crimped (▲▲) | 30% stronger joint (per ASTM F1819) for long-term use. | More complex installation. |
| Material Durability | Harsh environments (e.g., under-hood) | Industry: PVC jacket (ASTM D1784) | Base: PVC+20% reinforcement (▲) | Advanced: TPE+50% reinforcement (▲▲) |
| | | Base: PVC+20% (ASTM D1784-20) | 20% better abrasion resistance vs. pure PVC. | Less flexible in extreme cold. |
| | | Advanced: TPE+50% (ASTM D638) | 50% more flexible at -30°C (ideal for winter climates). | Higher material cost. |
| Compatibility | Multi-vehicle fleet management | Industry: Single-model (e.g., Golf 6 only) | Base: 3 models (Golf 6, Passat B7, CC 4B0) (▲) | Advanced: 5+ models (▲▲) |
| | | Base: Covers 3 Volkswagen models | Reduces inventory needs for common models. | Limited to listed models. |
| | | Advanced: Universal fit (5+ models) | One-size-fits-most for dealerships. | Slightly bulkier design for broader compatibility. |
| Temperature Resistance | Extreme climate regions | Industry: -20°C to 80°C (SAE J2045) | Base: -30°C to 90°C (▲) | Advanced: -40°C to 105°C (▲▲) |
| | | Base: -30°C to 90°C (SAE J2045-1) | Operates in northern winters/southern deserts. | May degrade at prolonged 90°C exposure. |
| | | Advanced: -40°C to 105°C (▲▲) | Withstands Arctic winters and desert heatwaves. | Requires specialized materials, increasing cost. |