Types of backup battery for fire alarm system
A backup battery for fire alarm systems is meant to keep fire protection systems running if the utility power fails. This is important because, in cases of fire breakouts, the utility power could fail. The fire alarm systems should be able to warn and guide people to safety. Most fire alarm systems use batteries to keep them running in case of a power outage.
The type of battery used for fire alarm systems depends on the design of the fire alarm system, the fire alarm manufacturer's specifications, and the battery's capacity. The most common types of batteries used for fire alarm systems are Sealed Lead Acid Batteries (SLABs) and Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs).
- Sealed lead acid batteries (SLABs): These batteries offer many benefits, which is why they are widely used in backup power applications. The batteries are available in various capacities so that one can choose depending on requirements. They are maintenance-free and have a large capacity to support extended loads. SLABs have a long-service life of over five years with proper charging and discharging. They are also highly reliable. These batteries are used to power fire alarm control panels and keep them running when there is no utility power.
- Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs): These batteries are increasingly being used as a backup for fire alarm systems. LIBs have a longer lifespan, which helps to reduce the costs associated with replacing batteries. The batteries also have a higher energy density, which means that there is more energy available in a smaller package. This is important for systems where space is limited. LIBs charge faster than SLABs. They are lighter, making them easier to install in systems where weight is an important factor. LIBs are more efficient and less likely to lose power during emergency situations.
Function and feature
A reliable backup battery for a fire alarm system must meet certain functions and features to ensure they work when needed.
- Long Shelf Life: Batteries used in fire alarm systems must have a long shelf life to ensure they remain functional even after extended periods of inactivity. Most alkaline batteries can last up to 5–10 years, while lithium batteries can last for more than a decade.
- Low Self-Discharge: Fire alarm backup batteries should have a low self-discharge rate. This ensures that the battery is fully charged and ready to work when needed. Lithium and NiMH batteries have a low self-discharge rate, making them highly reliable for fire alarm systems.
- Temperature Tolerance:Backup batteries for fire alarm systems should be able to withstand a wide range of temperatures since most buildings have varying temperatures. Sub-zero to extreme heat tolerance is ideal to ensure the batteries remain functional. More resilient batteries, such as lithium and alkaline, can work well in harsh temperature conditions.
- Non-replaceable Batteries:Some fire alarm systems have non-replaceable backup batteries. These batteries are installed in a way that makes them hard to remove and replace. They are ideal for hardwired fire alarm systems. NiCD and lithium-ion batteries are commonly found in non-removal fire alarm systems.
- Low Maintenance: Batteries used in fire alarm systems should require minimal maintenance to ensure they are always ready to function without the need for regular upkeep. Choosing batteries with longer life spans and low self-discharge rates can help reduce maintenance needs.
- Compatibility:It is essential to check the compatibility of the backup battery with the fire alarm system. Using non-compatible batteries can lead to system failure or error.
- IEC Standards:When choosing backup fire alarm batteries, it is important to ensure they comply with international standards. Fire alarm batteries should be manufactured following standards set by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). These batteries are put under specific testing procedures to ensure they are safe and can work under emergency conditions.
Applications of backup battery for fire alarm system
The following are some common applications of backup battery-powered fire alarm systems;
- Commercial real estate sector: Backup batteries are important in commercial buildings, especially those with huge occupancy, like shopping malls, hotels, hospitals, and offices. These structures have intricate fire detection and alarm systems that must be operational 24/7. Because of their potential impact on property and human life, commercial structures must have fire alarm systems that are dependable. During a power outage, the backup battery fire alarm system will sound to warn people to evacuate, while the fire detection system will help identify the fire and where it's situated.
- Residential buildings: Residential apartments and individual homes also use backup battery-powered fire alarms. Homeowners can use the backup fire battery alarm systems to warn themselves and their families in case of fire. If a fire breaks out in a residential building while the occupants are asleep, the fire alarm will ring, giving them ample time to escape.
- Industrial settings: Industries use complex fire detection and alarm systems. Because they use backup battery fire alarm systems, they can protect their workers, machinery, and inventory. In many industries, firefighters depend on the automated fire alarm systems to help them fight the fire and prevent further spread and damages.
- Fire trucks and engines: Fire trucks and engines also use battery-operated fire alarm systems. The fire alarm system on fire engines works as a communication tool between the firefighters and other motorists on the road. The fire alarm systems emit loud sirens that alert people to clear the way so the firefighters can reach the fire scene as fast as possible.
How to Choose a Backup Battery for Fire Alarm Systems
Choosing a suitable backup battery for a fire alarm system requires careful consideration. It is crucial to select a battery that is reliable, efficient, and compatible with the specific fire alarm system.
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Understand the Fire Alarm System's Power Requirements
The first step is to understand the power requirements of the fire alarm system. Check the manufacturer's specifications to determine the voltage and current requirements. This information will guide the selection of a battery with adequate capacity and compatibility.
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Opt for Sealed Lead Acid Batteries
Sealed lead-acid (SLA) batteries are commonly used for fire alarm systems due to their reliability and self-contained nature. These batteries come in various capacities, so choosing one that can provide sufficient backup power during an outage is essential. Consider factors such as the total number of alarm devices, their power consumption, and the desired backup runtime when selecting the battery capacity.
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Consider Battery Charging Features
When choosing a backup battery for a fire alarm system, it is essential to consider its charging features. Fire alarm systems typically have built-in chargers to keep the batteries topped off. Ensure the selected battery is compatible with the charging circuitry of the fire alarm system to avoid damage and ensure proper charging.
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Plan for Regular Battery Maintenance
To ensure the long-term performance and reliability of the backup battery for the fire alarm system, regular maintenance is crucial. Establish a battery maintenance schedule that includes tasks such as checking connections, inspecting terminals for corrosion, and monitoring the battery's temperature and voltage levels.
Q&A
Q1. How long do the backup batteries for fire alarm systems last?
A1. Although battery life varies depending on usage, environmental factors, and battery quality, most fire alarm system batteries have a life span of three to five years. Batteries that have reached their expiry date should be replaced even if they are still in good condition to ensure optimal performance.
Q2. Can fire alarm system batteries be recycled?
A2.Recycling fire alarm system batteries is possible, but only in specialized facilities. Since these batteries contain toxic materials that could harm the environment, never dispose of them in normal recycling or trash containers. Check the local laws and regulations for proper battery disposal to avoid penalties.
Q3. How frequently should fire alarm system batteries be replaced?
A3. Replacing the batteries after their expiry date is recommended, even if they are in good condition. However, if the battery backup for the fire alarm system battery is constantly used, then the date to replace the battery should be moved forward. Regular maintenance and testing can help determine when batteries should be replaced.
Q4. Do fire alarms need backup batteries?
A4. All fire alarms must have mandatory backup batteries as per National Fire Protection Association regulations. This rule applies to all fire alarms, even those connected to the building's electrical system and fire alarms in business premises.
