Diving wetsuit

Types of diving wetsuits

Diving wetsuits come in different types. Each type is designed to cater to specific diving conditions and personal preferences. Here are the main types of diving wetsuits:

• Fullsuits

  These wetsuits, also known as long wetsuits, cover the entire body. They extend from the neck down to the ankles and wrists. Full suits provide maximum thermal protection. They’re ideal for cold water diving, where water temperatures can drop significantly. The thickness of the neoprene in the wetsuit varies depending on the water temperature. For instance, in waters ranging from 50°F to 70°F (10°C to 21°C), the thickness typically ranges from 3mm to 7mm. This thickness ensures the diver stays warm and comfortable for extended periods underwater.

• Shorty Wetsuit

  Also termed a spring suit, it covers the torso, but the arms and legs are left bare or partially covered. Depending on the model, Shorty suits may have long or short sleeves and legs. They’re suitable for slightly warmer waters. Typically, the thickness of neoprene ranges from 2mm to 3mm. This provides some insulation while still allowing for greater mobility and flexibility compared to a full wetsuit. They’re ideal for diving in waters that range from 70°F to 80°F (21°C to 27°C).

• Steamer Wetsuit

  Steamer wetsuits are another term for full suits. They’re called steamers because they keep the diver warm, like a steamer would. The name is more common in regions with cooler water temperatures. These suits offer varying thicknesses. The thickness depends on the specific water temperature and conditions the diver expects to encounter. They’re designed to trap a thin layer of water between the suit and the diver’s skin. This water warms up quickly, maintaining a relatively comfortable temperature. The suits come in different designs. Some zip up in the back, while others have a front zip or a combination of both. Their design allows easy wear and removal, although some may require assistance to zip up.

• Two-Piece Wetsuit

  This wetsuit consists of separate top and bottom pieces. It offers versatility and customization based on preference. The top piece, known as the vest or jacket, often has long sleeves. It ranges from 1.5mm to 3mm in thickness. The bottom piece, called the trousers or bib, has varying thicknesses of 3mm to 5mm. Two-piece wetsuits provide more flexibility when adjusting to varying temperatures. They allow divers to mix and match thicknesses based on specific conditions. They’re commonly used in colder waters, where full suits may not provide enough insulation. They also allow for more freedom of movement in specific areas.

• Hooded Wetsuit

  A hooded wetsuit incorporates a hood, providing additional warmth for the head. This is crucial in cold water diving. The hood is attached or can be separate. It fits snugly around the diver’s head, minimizing water entry. The thickness of these suits usually ranges from 5mm to 7mm. Depending on the water temperature and conditions, they cover the entire body from head to toe, including the face and neck. Some models have a face or neck cover. This suit is ideal for waters below 60°F (15°C). They’re commonly used in polar dives, deep sea diving, and other cold water diving scenarios.

• Dry Wetsuit

  These wetsuits are designed to keep the diver dry. Unlike traditional wetsuits that allow a small amount of water to enter and get trapped for insulation, dry wetsuits seal off the water completely. They achieve this through airtight seals at the wrists, ankles, and neck. Some models may also include a dry collar and cuffs. The Drysuit can be made of neoprene or a combination of materials like nylon and latex. They’re preferred in extremely cold waters. They keep the diver’s body dry and warm, maintaining a consistent temperature.

Design of diving wetsuits

Diving wetsuits are designed to keep divers warm and protected. Here are the key design elements:

• Material Composition

  Wetsuits are crafted from high-quality neoprene, a synthetic rubber renowned for its exceptional thermal insulating properties and flexibility. This material forms a barrier that traps a thin layer of water between the suit and the skin. The body then heats this water, maintaining a stable and comfortable temperature even in cold water environments. The thickness of the neoprene, typically ranging from 2mm to 7mm, directly correlates with the water temperature and the duration of the dive. It ensures optimal warmth and buoyancy. The wetsuit's exterior is often reinforced with nylon or other fabrics to enhance durability and resistance to abrasions and UV radiation.

• Design and Fit

  Diving wetsuits come in various designs to suit different diving activities and water conditions. These include full suits, shorties, and farmer johns. Full suits cover the entire body from head to toe, providing maximum insulation. Shorties, or spring suits, extend only to the knees and elbows, offering greater mobility and versatility in warmer waters. Farmer johns feature a vest-like top and bottoms, offering an alternative fit that can be layered for varying temperatures. A proper fit is crucial for a wetsuit to function effectively. It should be snug without being restrictive, allowing minimal water circulation while enabling full range of motion. Many wetsuits are available in different sizes and configurations, catering to various body shapes and preferences.

• Thermal Insulation Features

  Diving wetsuits employ several thermal insulation features to keep divers warm. The primary mechanism involves the trapped water layer between the wetsuit and the skin. Additional features include strategic placement of neoprene thicknesses, with thicker panels in core areas like the chest and back for added warmth. Some wetsuits incorporate thermal linings or coatings that further enhance heat retention and provide a comfortable feel against the skin. Seam construction techniques, such as glued and blind-stitched seams, minimize water entry by creating watertight seals while maintaining flexibility. These seams prevent flushes and maintain the wetsuit's thermal efficiency, ensuring a reliable barrier against cold water.

• Closure Systems

  Wetsuits utilize various closure systems to ensure a secure and watertight fit. Zipper placements vary, with back zips being the most common, offering accessibility and ease of use. Front zips provide a more streamlined profile and enhanced flexibility, while shoulder zips offer an alternative that combines convenience with a snugger fit. Some wetsuits employ zipless designs that utilize Velcro or adjustable straps for closure, eliminating potential water entry points associated with zippers. Each closure system has its advantages in terms of accessibility, water resistance, and overall comfort, allowing divers to choose based on their preferences and diving requirements.

• Reinforcements and Durability

  Durability and reinforcement are critical aspects of diving wetsuit design. High-stress areas such as the knees, elbows, and shoulders are often reinforced with additional layers of neoprene or abrasion-resistant fabrics. These reinforcements enhance the wetsuit's longevity and resistance to wear and tear caused by movements, equipment, and environmental factors. Additionally, high-quality stitching techniques, such as blind stitching and glued seams, ensure watertight seals while maintaining flexibility. These methods prevent water entry and prolong the wetsuit's lifespan by reducing the likelihood of seam failure over time.

Wearing/Matching suggestions of diving wetsuits

Wetsuits are worn on different occasions and can be matched with other accessories to make the diving experience fun. Here are some ideas:

• Matching a Wetsuit to the Right Water Temperature

  Wetsuits should be worn depending on the temperature of the water the diver will be diving into. If the water is cold, the wetsuit should be thicker and extend to the arms and legs. This is what the semi-dry suit and the thick ones are – 5 mm, 7 mm or even more. They are suitable for diving into lakes, oceans and rivers with cold water.

  In warm water, a thinner wetsuit is used. It can be 1 mm or 3 mm thick, like the shorty wetsuit. These provide some protection while keeping the diver comfortable. They are used for coral reef diving, snorkeling, and scuba diving.

  When diving in warm and tropical waters, a 1 mm or shorty wetsuit is recommended. They are great for freediving, snorkeling, and surfing.

• Wearing the Right Accessories Under the Wetsuit

  Wetsuit gloves are essential for keeping hands warm in cold water dives. They are available in different thicknesses, ranging from 3 mm to 5 mm. The thicker the gloves, the warmer they are. A 3 mm thickness is recommended for dives in the ocean, while 5 mm is for lakes and rivers.

  Diving boots are worn to keep the feet warm and provide a good grip when walking on the shore or rocks. They come in different thicknesses, from 3 mm to 7 mm. The boots are 3 mm thick for ocean dives and 7 mm for lakes and rivers. A hood is used to keep the head and neck warm. It is 3 mm thick and suitable for cold water dives.

• Matching and Layering Wetsuit Accessories

  For a cold water dive, start with a thick wetsuit (5 mm or 7 mm), then add a pair of 5 mm wetsuit gloves, 7 mm diving boots, and a 3 mm hood. This combination will keep the diver warm and comfortable underwater.

  For a warm water dive, a different approach is taken. The wetsuit is thinner (1 mm or shorty), and the diver wears 3 mm gloves, boots, and a hood. This keeps them comfortable while providing some protection. Layering these accessories ensures maximum warmth and protection without sacrificing mobility and comfort.

• Combining Colors and Patterns

  When it comes to choosing a wetsuit, color and pattern are important. A solid black wetsuit is the most popular because it absorbs heat and looks good. However, other colors like blue, red, and green are also used. They are chosen depending on the type of diving and personal preference. Blue is preferred for snorkeling and scuba diving, while red and green are for surf and bodyboarding.

  Patterns like camo, stripes, and flowers are also used. They are chosen for their aesthetic appeal and functionality. Camo patterns are used for surfing and bodyboarding, while stripes and floral patterns are used for snorkeling and scuba diving. The pattern is chosen based on the type of diving and personal preference.

Q&A

Q1: What thickness of wetsuit is needed for diving?

A1: The thickness of a wetsuit for diving depends on water temperature. In warm water (75°F and above), a 2-3mm wetsuit is sufficient. For temperate waters (60°F-75°F), 5mm is recommended. Cold water (50°F-60°F) requires a 7mm or drysuit.

Q2: Can a diving wetsuit be used for surfing?

A2: Yes, diving wetsuits can be used for surfing, but they're usually thicker and less flexible than surfing wetsuits. This might affect performance. Choose a thinner wetsuit for better mobility and warmth.

Q3: How to choose the right size wetsuit?

A3: To choose the right size wetsuit, refer to the manufacturer's sizing chart. Consider height, weight, and chest measurement. The wetsuit should fit snugly without restricting movement. Try it on if possible.

Q4: How to care for a diving wetsuit?