Machine tools ppt

Types of machine tools

Machine tools are machines that manufacture other machines. These are generally heavy engineering machines that shape and cut solid materials like metal, glass, wood, or plastic. These are usually used in workshops.

Machine tools can be divided into 5 main categories:

• Cutting tools: These work by cutting away at the material. This may include saws or lathes. Saws cut through materials by making incisions. There are various types of saws, including band saws, circular saws, and table saws. This machine tool is applicable to all materials, including wood and metal. Lathes are revolving objects that are used to shape solid materials like metals. Lathes work by holding the object in place and then rotating it against the cutting tool. This tool is commonly used to create cylindrical objects such as pipes and bullets.
• Control tools: This type of tool controls and regulates temperature, pressure, speed, and voltage. Control tools focus largely on digital controls, like fan speed control. These tools usually include a control circuit, which is the electronics responsible for voltage and current control.
• Non-destructive testing tools: These tools test materials without destroying and damaging them. They are used to examine materials like metal, glass, and ceramic to detect any internal or external flaws. Some examples of these flaws may include voids, cracks, inclusions, shrinkage, or any kind of undesirable characteristics.
• Machinery: This refers to any mechanical device that uses energy to perform tasks and is used widely in industrial settings. Machinery transforms raw material into finished products. This may include presses, shears, and welders. Welding machines join materials together through electrical currents, which generate high heat to melt and bind materials. This usually occurs when joining two or more parts to create a desired object. CNC machines are used to cut and carve metals and other solid material into desired shapes.
• Drilling tools: These tools make holes in solid materials, including metal, wood, and plastic. Examples of non-destructive drilling tools include press drill, magnetic drill, and bench drill. A press drill is a fixed drilling machine that uses a pressing component to drill vertically. This allows for a higher level of precision and accuracy. A magnetic drill is a portable drilling machine used to cut metal through magnetic suction. This is often used in construction.

Specifications and maintenance of machine tools ppt

Specifications

• Sizes: The overall machine tool devices' sizes might be different based on the kinds of tools and total functions. For lathes and milling machines, for instance, they may have the length, width, and height of the working area, as well as the physical size, which are all pertinent specifications for those using them to know whether they fit into their workshop spaces.

• Weights: Most machine tools are heavy and large. Some huge tools, like CNC machines and vertical CNC machining centers, usually weigh thousands of kg. The heavy weight makes users need more effort and equipment to install the machines.

• Materials: Machine tools' main parts are made of heavy iron, cast iron, alloy steel, etc., which are strong and maintain stability even under pressure when cutting workpieces. The supporting bases, frames, etc. As for alloy steel, it is usually adopted for the spindle or other parts that need more durability to work precisely.

• Die tools: Machine tool devices' working parts are called "tools," like cutting tools that cut objects, drilling tools that pierce holes, etc. They work together with workpieces whose shapes and sizes are also varied.

Machines, like computerized numerical control machine tool (CNC machine tools), have more complex specifications, such as software systems and control systems. Power requirements refer to electricity or power supplies used to operate, which are also machine tool specifications.

Maintenance

• Lubricating: Lubricating is the major daily maintenance task required to keep machine tools to work well for a long time. They always work very smoothly and have excellent protection against wear and tear from friction. Machine tool devices suitable lubricating oils are usually used in bearings, guide rails, gears, etc. The lubricants are not limited to oils; some parts may require grease instead.

  Sometimes, machine tools may require some more oils, lubricants, and greases due to their working temperatures; for instance, the working areas of lathes and milling machines have more heat due to friction. Therefore, the tools need to reduce heat and friction.

• Cleaning: Cleaning for machine tools is usually done by removing dust or wiping the tools' active and static parts. The cleaning is always after shutdown, so users will have to ensure the machines are off before anything is done to them. However, when undertaking machine tool cleaning, one has to ensure that only the least essential cleaning parts are taken up to avoid unnecessary machine tool damage.

  For critical areas, cleaning goes deep into the core of the tool function, where lubricating oil may have accumulated and dust lodged. Air blowing machines are used mostly where specialized cleaning agents are required, usually on CNC machine tools and other specialized devices.

• Adjusting: There are often parts of a machine tool that require periodic adjustments, especially in areas such as guiding and bearing surfaces, where they must be accurately aligned so that workpieces are accurately cut or milled. Adjustments on machine tools, however, depend on the machine's type, such as whether it's a CNC machining center or lathe machine. Aside from aligning and adjusting guides and bearing surfaces, some machine tools require changing and adjusting optional accessories to create different products, such as jigs and fixtures.
• Annual service from skilled technicians: While a lot of the maintenance and servicing can be done by the end-user, there are essential periodic services required on specific critical areas of the machine tool that, if not professionally undertaken, may lead to inaccurate adjustments and settings that may be detrimental to the product being created by using the machine. Some areas may require professional replacing of the parts that are best done when technicians have the repair and maintenance component listing for that machine too. Regular annual services by skilled technicians ensure machine longevity and high precision while handling workpieces in need of accuracy and proficiency.

Industry scenarios of machine tools ppt

Machine tools ppt are very important in a wide range of industries where it is very important to shape, cut, and process different types of materials with great accuracy and efficiency. One very common industry application for machine tools is the aerospace industry. In the aerospace industry, CNC milling machines, lathes, and high-end laser cutting machines are very useful machine tools. Lathes are great for machining cylindrical aerospace parts like landing gear, shafts, spacers, and tubing. Lathes can achieve very close tolerances. CNC machines are better. CNC machines are good for making complex aerospace parts. Look at this video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QiU7_pGzPb0 These devices allow the digital control of various machining processes. The automotive industry also uses machine tools like the aforementioned lathes and CNC machines. In fact, the automotive industry uses them even more. It's no surprise that the high efficiency, simple and reliable automation, and high processing accuracy of CNC machine tools have made them the most commonly used machine tool in the automotive manufacturing industry. Aside from the automotive and aerospace industries where machine tools are very important, there are many other industries that use specialized machines for all sorts of complex tasks. One common industry is the medical sector. In this sector, precision medical parts are made using good quality machines with a focus on efficiency and high-performance.

How to choose machine tools

With the above-presented types of machine tools in mind, here are some tips to keep in mind when buying one:

• Pay attention to the material the machine tool is made of. Generally, machine tools are made from cast iron and steel alloys. Tools with cutting edges, however, can be harder, with materials like high-speed steel and cobalt steel.
• Depending on the job that will be done, buyers will need to gauge the precision and power requirements. Some jobs need machine tools with very high precision, while others with less. High-powered machine tools are needed for tougher jobs and materials. For example, lathes and milling machines are considered less powerful because they are mainly used on wood. A lathe machine with a 1 HP motor will suffice for wood projects. For metal and tougher materials, a lot of power is required. An example is the band saw machine, which requires a lot of power and uses 5 HP.
• The speed of the machine tool is another important feature to consider. Drill presses are a good example where speed is variable and adjustable.
• The size and weight of machine tools will vary from tabletop tools like small band saws to large industrial floor standing units. Warehouse facilities and customers with large workloads will need bigger tools and multiples to handle the work.
• CNC machine tools are popular because they are automated and allow for great precision and ease of use. More businesses are looking for energy-efficient tools. Consider the machine tool's energy usage and efficiency when buying it.
• New machine tools are more efficient and faster, though they may be more expensive. Consider whether a used machine tool is more affordable and works within the budget. A used machine tool will typically not work as efficiently as a new one.

Machine tools PPT FAQ

Q1: What are some trends in machine tools?

A1: Recent trends in machine tools include increasing automation, greater connectivity, the growing use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, and a stronger focus on sustainable practices and energy efficiency.

Q2: What are machine tools?

A2: Machine tools are machines that use power to cut, shape, and form materials like metal, wood, plastic, and composites into desired parts and products, such as CNC machines, lathes, and milling machines.

Q3: What is the future of machine tools?

A3: The future of machine tool machines may see greater technologies like AI, automation, and intelligent manufacturing combined with the Internet of Things (IoT) for fully-connected smart factories where machines communicate with each other.