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Reflection and Transmission PIM Testers
These Passive Intermodulation Testers work by measuring the power of signals that are reflected or transmitted through a communications system. In the test, the important non-linearity parameter is extracted from the reflected/transmitted signals through a vector network analyser. The value of intermodulation is then calculated from this ratio of concurrent signal.
Compact PIM testers
These compact PIM testers are small in size, having lightweight, and therefore, are more easily carried about, unlike most PIM testers. They are, however, not as strong in performance as larger models because they are normally designed for low-power applications.
High-Power PIM Testers
The high-power PIM testers are suitable for large telecommunications systems since they are capable of withstanding high levels of input power. Due to their strength and accuracy, they are widely used for the installation and maintenance of PIM testing, especially in large LTE or 5G networks.
Portable PIM testers
PIM testers are normally portable and, therefore, easy to transport. Many of them come in compact sizes with batteries as their power source, making them more convenient on the field for tests.
PIM testers in a lab
As the name suggests, these testers are used primarily in labs, having greater accuracy and a range of features than portable models. Because of their accuracy and reliability, they are mainly used in research and development, as well as in quality control in production settings.
The PIM test tool consists of several parts with different materials, and these materials determine the device's durability and ruggedness. The critical elements that affect a PIM tester's durability are the following.
S” enclosures
The major enclosures of PIM testers are made of metal or strong plastic to resist shock and mechanical damage. Also, there is water and dust protection, mostly in portable PIM testers, to facilitate their use in extreme weather conditions.
Internal Components
While operating, PIM testers are subjected to high temperatures, especially in the high-power models. Therefore, internal components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors are heat-resistant. Typical such materials are ceramic and metal film resistors and high-temperature silicone for capacitors.
Cables and Connectors
The significance of Cables and connectors is that they are exposed to the highest levels of PIM. Just like the tougher materials to enhance this, they are manufactured from premium-grade metals, e.g., brass, stainless steel, or copper, and durable rubber or silicone insulators. The main manufacturers ensure that they can withstand the harshest operating conditions.
Display and User Interface
Displays and user interfaces are normally encased in toughened glass or plastic substrates to avoid scratches or damage to the touchscreen and hindered usability. The touchscreen is also made of toughened materials.
Housing for Shock Protection
For PIM testers, especially the ones used in the field, shock-absorbing housings made of rubber or silicone are useful. These cases can be slipped over the tester to avoid damage from falls or impact while using the device in harsh conditions.
The PIM test tool is a valuable device for various industries, including telecommunications, aerospace, and manufacturing. This section describes its commercial values
Network Optimization in Telecommunications
For telecommunications businesses, passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement is crucial to optimizing network performance. It makes it possible for them to identify and rectify sources of PIM within their infrastructure, therefore, decreasing signal degradation and enhancing call quality, data transmission rates, and customer satisfaction. It enables businesses to reduce maintenance costs by preventing costly network outages and repairs.
Aerospace and Defence Applications
Aerospace and defense industries rely heavily on communication systems, and any signal degradation can have serious consequences. PIM testers are used to ensure the reliability and performance of these critical systems, reducing the risk of failure and improving overall operational efficiency. This is, therefore, very important for these industries because it maintains system reliability and prevents failures that would cost them very high losses.
Quality Control in Manufacturing
In manufacturing, PIM testers ensure the communication devices produced meet the required performance standards. By identifying and rectifying potential issues early in the production process, manufacturers can avoid costly reworks and ensure customer satisfaction. The testers are crucial in maintaining the brand's reputation and ensuring that products meet the set standards.
5G and LTE Deployment
As 5G and LTE networks are rolled out, the need for accurate PIM testing increases. These testers assist network providers to guarantee that their infrastructures support the new technology, thus enhancing faster data rates and improved connectivity. From this, businesses can avoid expensive downtime and provide enhanced services to their consumers. It also helps in the transition to high-capacity networks.
Reduced Operational Costs in Various Industries
For intermodulation testing, passive testers always help in the early detection and correction of PIM problems across the industries, which reduces operational costs related to signal degradation, network downtime, or communication failures. PIM testers are used to avoid the expensive processes of system troubleshooting and repairing and to assure optimal performance.
PIM Tester Types
Every PIM tester has its application advantages and basic, so familiar, requirements. Traditional ones are suited for high-end bases and telecom, whereas the PIM analyzers are more effective for lab study and general analysis.
Measurement Sensitivity
Sensitivity in measurement is one of the notable factors for test accuracy. Go for a tester capable of fine measurement with much lower intermodulation power values, for example, -100 dBc. This feature enhances detection of weak signals, ensuring that none is lost during the test.
Operational Frequency Range
Ensure the PIM tester covers the required operational frequency range for the application, such as LTE, 5G, or satellite. The tester should ideally support widefrequency ranges as well as multiple bands to increase versatility.
Output Power Capability
Output power capability is a key consideration for PIM testers as it ensures they can handle the input power levels without distortion. Select a tester that matches the system's power levels to avoid inaccurate readings.
Portability
If the purpose is to use the tester in the field, choose a portable one, e.g., lightweight and compact. However, for the customers, others who are using it in the lab will not be concerned about the size and weight because most of them are permanent installations.
Display and interface
A clear display with easy menu navigation assists in quickly interpreting test results. Touchscreen interfaces may provide more intuitive control compared to traditional buttons and knobs.
A: Strong PIM is associated with network performance and reliability, particularly in the latest cellular technologies such as LTE and G. The testers can identify PIM sources and reduce intermodulation distortion, enhancing signal quality and data rates. In practical terms, they help prevent system failures or downtime, keeping the network operational and providing superior service to users.
A: Yes, most PIM testers are designed with robust enclosures and weatherproof features, making them suitable for outdoor PIM testing.
A: PIM testers help manufacturers identify and rectify PIM-related issues early in production, thus avoiding costly reworks and ensuring customer satisfaction. They also help maintain the brand reputation of the manufacturers and ensure that communication devices meet performance standards.
A: PIM testers identify sources of passive intermodulation and eliminate them, reducing signal loss and enhancing the overall performance of the network. Therefore, there is no degradation in signal or system efficiency.
A: Operative frequencies of PIM testers should cover the required bands for the given application, such as LTE, 5G, or satellite, to guarantee accurate results. An ideal PIM tester would support wide frequencies and multiple bands.
