Rear locking differential

Types of Rear Locking Differential

A rear locking differential is a crucial part of some four-wheel-drive vehicles, especially trucks and off-road cars. Its work is to lock the two back wheels together, so they spin the same, no matter what. This is very helpful when driving on slippery or uneven ground, like mud, snow, or rocks, because it gives better traction and control. There are two main types of rear locking differentials: manual and automatic. Below are some of the main types of rear locking differentials.

• OEM Electric Locking Differential

  The first type is the Electric Locking Differential. It is controlled by a switch inside the vehicle. When the driver wants to lock the diff, they press the button, and the electric motor does it. This type is very clean and works well. Many new trucks and off-road cars come with it. It is excellent for drivers who need a diff locker but do not want to do much work. The only problem is that if the electric motor or other parts break, the diff locker will not work. Also, it needs a good battery to run.

• Pneumatic Locking Differential

  The second type is the Air Locking Differential. It uses the compressed air system in the vehicle to lock the diff. Some trucks and off-road cars have extra air systems with a pump and tank. When the driver wants to lock the diff, they use a switch to get the compressed air inside, and it locks the gears. This type of Air Locking Differential is more tough and can handle high stress. The main problem is that it needs a good working compressed air system. If the pump, tank, or other parts have any issues, the diff locker will not work.

• Manual Locking Differential

  The third type is the Manual Locking Differential. It is the most basic type and does the job well. When the driver wants to lock the diff, they have to use some tools and do it by hand. There is no motor, electric, or other high-tech parts. This type is very cheap and simple. But the driver has to do some work if they want to lock the diff.

Specifications and Maintenance of Rear Locking Differential

A rear locking differential has several specifications that make it useful for high-performance vehicles. Here are the key specifications of the rear locking differential:

• Type

  The rear locking differential has two types: the traditional mechanical locking differential and the electronic locking differential. The mechanical locking differential uses gears and pins to lock the wheels. In contrast, the electronic locking differential uses sensors and motors to lock the wheels.

• Gear Ratio

  The gear ratio of the rear locking differential ranges between 3:08 to 4:56. The gear ratio is the number of teeth on the pinion gear divided by the number of teeth on the ring gear. The gear ratio affects the torque and speed of the vehicle.

• Material

  The rear locking differential is made from durable materials like steel or aluminum. Steel is a strong material that can withstand wear and tear. Aluminum is lightweight and can improve the vehicle's performance.

• Size

  The size of the rear locking differential varies depending on the vehicle. The diameter of the differential case ranges from 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 cm). A large differential case can improve the strength of the locking differential.

• Torque Capacity

  The torque capacity of the rear locking differential is between 200 to 1000 lb-ft (270 to 1355 Nm). The torque capacity is the maximum amount of torque that the locking differential can handle. A high torque capacity can improve the performance of the locking differential.

Proper maintenance of the rear locking differential is essential to ensure its durability and optimal performance. Here are some tips for maintaining the rear locking differential:

• 1. Differential Fluid Change

  It is important to replace the differential fluid per the manufacturer's recommended schedule. The fluid keeps the gears lubricated and cool. Use the recommended type and viscosity of differential fluid for the vehicle.

• 2. Inspect Seals and Gaskets

  The seals and gaskets prevent the differential fluid from leaking. Inspect the seals and gaskets for wear or damage and replace them if necessary.

• 3. Check for Unusual Noises

  Unusual noises like grinding or whining from the differential can indicate a problem. These noises could be a sign of worn or damaged gears, bearings, or other components. A qualified mechanic should inspect the differential when there are unusual noises.

• 4. Avoid Overloading the Vehicle

  Overloading the vehicle can put extra strain on the locking differential. Follow the manufacturer's recommended weight limits for cargo and passengers.

• 5. Use Proper Technique When Engaging Lock

  When using an electronic switch, follow the manufacturer's instructions. Use the lock switch only when needed and disengage it on solid surfaces.

How to choose rear locking differential

Choosing the correct rear differential for a vehicle involves understanding the vehicle's use, the terrain it operates on, and the driving habits of the end user. Here are some factors before selecting the rear locking differential for business purposes.

• Know the Vehicle's Use

  Understand the primary function of the vehicle. Is it meant for off-road purposes, daily commuting, or heavy towing? Off-road vehicles often require a more robust locking differential to handle rough terrains, while sports cars focus on speed and agility.

• Consider the Locking Mechanism

  As detailed above, the mode of the locking mechanism, be it automatic or manual, should be considered based on the vehicle's primary function. Automatic lockers are great for off-road trucks, whereas manual lockers work well in performance vehicles.

• Evaluate Gear Ratio

  Select a gear ratio that complements the vehicle's engine and its use. Higher ratios (numerically lower gears) are suitable for towing or off-road applications, while lower ratios (numerically higher gears) benefit sports performance and high-speed applications.

• Quality and Brand

  For business purposes, one might select a rear locking differential from a reputable aftermarket manufacturer rather than sticking to the OEM parts. This is because many businesses have established partnerships with aftermarket parts suppliers, and the quality of the parts is often consistent.

• Installation and Maintenance

  Consider the ease of installation and the maintenance needs of the locking differential. Some models may require frequent maintenance or professional installation, which can increase long-term costs.

• Budget

  Set a budget for the differential locking system. While it's important to go for quality products, several options are available within every price range. Therefore, lock differentials with the necessary features and quality within the set budget.

How to DIY and Replace Rear Locking Differential

Some of the tools needed for a DIY rear differential locker installation are as follows.

• Floor jack
• Jack stands
• Torque wrench
• Ratchet and socket set
• Combination wrench set
• Allen key set
• Gear oil

With the right tool in place, the installation process will be seamless. Follow the steps below to install the rear locking differential successfully.

• 1. Safety First

  Before working under a vehicle, ensure it is securely raised on a level surface with jack stands, and properly engage the parking brake. Wear safety glasses and gloves, and ensure proper ventilation if working indoors.

• 2. Gather Tools and Parts

  Read the installation guide for the differential locker and ensure all necessary tools and parts are on hand, including new gear oil, before starting the project.

• 3. Drain the Differential Oil

  Use a socket and ratchet set to remove the differential's drain plug, then allow the oil to drain completely into a suitable container. Replace the plug after draining and continue to the next step.

• 4. Remove the Axle Shafts

  Unscrew the nuts holding the axle shafts to the wheel hubs using a combination of wrenches. Gently tap the shafts with a rubber mallet to loosen them from the housing, then pull them out carefully to avoid damaging the seals.

• 5. Remove the Differential Cover

  Use an Allen key or a socket and ratchet to remove the bolts securing the differential cover. Gently pry the cover loose with a flathead screwdriver or a suitable tool, then allow the gear oil to drain and set the cover aside.

• 6. Disassemble the Differential

  Follow the manufacturer's instructions to disassemble the differential and remove the old gears. Take note of the assembly sequence and use a torque wrench to remove the bolts holding the ring gear and carrier.

• 7. Install the New Locking Differential

  Assemble the new locking differential according to the manufacturer's instructions and install it in the housing. Reinstall the ring gear, following the manufacturer's torque specifications.

• 8. Reassemble and Test

  Replace the differential cover and secure it with bolts. Refill the differential with new gear oil through the fill hole, then reattach the axle shafts and secure them with nuts. Lower the vehicle, start the engine, and engage the locking differential to ensure proper function. Take a short test drive to verify correct installation and operation.

Q and A

Q1: What is the point of a rear locking differential?

A1: The rear locking differential, also known as the rear diff locker, aims to enhance a vehicle's off-road and low-traction performance. By locking the two rear wheels together, it ensures they turn at the same speed, providing maximum traction on slippery or uneven surfaces.

Q2: Is a rear locking differential worth it?

A2: For those who frequently engage in off-road driving or encounter low-traction conditions, a rear locking differential can be a valuable addition. It improves vehicle control and minimizes the risk of getting stuck in challenging environments.

Q3: Can any vehicle have a rear locking differential installed?

A3: While many trucks and off-road vehicles come with a rear locking differential, it can be installed on most vehicles. However, the installation may require modifications and should be done by a professional to ensure proper function and reliability.

Q4: Does a rear locking differential affect on-road driving performance?

A4: Yes, a rear locking differential can impact on-road driving, particularly when turning. Locked wheels can cause tire wear and affect vehicle stability on paved surfaces. It is advisable to use the lock only in appropriate conditions and disengage it on hard terrain.

Q5: Can the rear locking differential be used at any time?

A5: In most cases, the rear locking differential can be used whenever needed. However, it is essential to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and understand the appropriate conditions for its use. Continuous locking on high-speed or dry surfaces can damage the system.