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Here are some types of excavators based on different needs, use cases and soil conditions:
Mini Excavator (3-4 Ton)
A mini excavator, typically weighing between three to four tons, is the small-sized excavator in this segment Compared to compact excavators, mini excavators are even smaller. They feature tracks and a rotating cabin. While having less lifting power than larger models, their reduced weight allows for in-depth groundwork. With their ability to navigate confined areas with ease, mini excavators are essential for landscaping, trenching, and precise earthmoving tasks.
Compact Excavator (5-7 Ton)
Featuring wider frames, larger tracks, and brake systems, compact excavators are designed to traverse soft ground and slopes with confidence. This makes them suitable for working on uneven and potentially unstable terrain. Equipped with advanced hydraulic systems, compact excavators offer enhanced lift capacity and breakout force. Whether maneuvering through tight spaces or tackling challenging earthmoving tasks, compact excavators deliver exceptional performance and versatility, making them indispensable in construction, utility, and landscaping applications.
Rubber Duck
Rubber Tired Excavator, often referred to as a ""rubber duck,"" is a type of excavator that is characterized by its rubber tire tracks, providing a versatile and efficient excavation solution. The excavator is named after the rubber tracks used in place of traditional steel tracks found in crawler excavators. These rubber tracks offer several benefits, including reduced noise levels and minimal damage to delicate or finished surfaces. This makes rubber duck excavators ideal for working in urban environments or areas where preserving the integrity of the ground is essential. Additionally, the rubber tracks provide excellent maneuverability, allowing for smooth and precise movement over various terrain types.
Specifications
Engine
Horsepower: Generally ranges from 20 to 100 for small excavators.
Horsepower is a measure of the engine's power output. The higher the horsepower, the more powerful the engine will be. This will affect the weight it can handle and the tasks it can perform.
Operating Weight
This typically ranges from 1 to 10 metric tons. As with horsepower, the operating weight determines what tasks the excavator can efficiently handle.
Operating weight is the total weight of the excavator when it's ready to work. This includes the weight of fuel, lubricants, operator, and any attachments or tools.
Dimensions
-Overall length, width, and height: Smaller excavators are usually less than 6m in length, 2.5m in width and around 3m in height.
-Boom and arm length: Boom lengths can vary up to 3m, while arm lengths can reach up to 4m.
The smaller the excavator, the more suitable it will be for jobs in tight spaces.
Dig Depth and Reach
Dig depth is generally within a range of 2 to 4 meters. When fully extended, the distance from the excavator to the furthest point horizontally is 3 to 5 meters.
These dimensions depend on the specific excavators' combinations of boom, arm, and bucket sizes.
Hydraulic System
-Flow Rate: This measures with a range of 50 to 120 liters per minute.
Flow rate determines the speed at which hydraulic fluids move within the system to power various components like the arm, bucket, and rotation.
Bucket
-Type: Common bucket types for small excavators include general-purpose, trenching, and tilting buckets.
-Size: Bucket width usually ranges from 400mm to 900mm for small excavators.
Buckets with interchangeable attachments like breakers and grabs expand functionality.
Maintenance
Check for physical damages such as cracks or deformed structures.
Check hoses and cables for leakage, wear or tear issues.
Test the excavator's function and controls and look for abnormalities.
Check fluid levels, including fuel, engine oil, hydraulic oil and coolant levels.
Clean the excavator's exterior frequently, removing dirt and grease to expose potential issues early on.
The undercarriage is especially critical to eliminating excess buildup that can cause overheating.
Pay attention to the radiator, vents and tracks, as well as clean work site areas to reduce the chance of component contamination.
Follow the small excavator maintenance schedule outlined in the operator's manual.
This includes periodic inspections and servicing of the engine, hydraulic system and tracks.
Small excavators are used for the same tasks as large excavators but on a smaller scale. Such tasks include trenching, digging, backfilling, and earthmoving. However, small excavators also specialize in particular tasks when fitted with an attachment. The following are some of the typical uses of small excavators:
When buying a new excavator, focus on what features the small excavator offers rather than its price. The prices of small excavators vary depending on sizes, models, and specifications. Consider the needed features before estimating the cost. If budgeting is a primary concern, it helps to look for dealer financing programs that offer flexible payment plans.
Realizing the purpose for which the excavator will be used will help explain why some critical features are more essential than others. Knowing the ground type will influence the selection of excavator tracks or tires. On soft, sandy, or muddy grounds, wide tracks will perform better, and excavation projects that involve pipelines, fund, or utility projects will require a mini excavator with a tight turning radius.
Avoid solely based on price by focusing on the type and size of excavator needed. Other essential features to consider include attachments and advanced safety features. Some excavators have an advanced, easy-to-read LCD showing fuel and oil and a built-in diagnostic and security system. Excavator models with laser guided trenching help ensure precise excavations, and a night job site can benefit from having LED lights as standard equipment.
Negotiating bulk order discounts always helps when buying excavators for rental business or large-scale construction projects. Aim to buy excavators with modern EPA-compliant engines and hydraulic systems that help maximize fuel efficiency. Operating cost and maintenance requirements will vary depending on the engine size and horsepower. A large, powerful excavator will be more costly to maintain than the smaller, less powerful models. Small excavators can intuitively guide operators through routine maintenance and alerts to schedule servicing.
Q1: What is the difference between a mini excavator and a micro excavator?
A1: Micro excavators are smaller than mini excavators. While mini excavators can be between 1 and 6 tons, micro excavators weigh less than 1 ton. Micro excavators are suitable for small spaces where machines cannot access, while mini excavators are ideal for working on larger projects.
Q2: What are the ongoing costs associated with owning a small excavator?
A2: Aside from the small excavator price, there are some ongoing costs that small excavator owners incur. These include excavator insurance, property taxes, maintenance expenses, and equipment storage fees. Owners may also incur fuel costs depending on the type of excavator and its usage.
Q3: What types of small excavator attachments are available?
A3: Excavator attachments are add-ons that enhance the functionality of an excavator. They include an eccentric shear, thumb, breaker, inclinometer, bucket , grapple, auger, compactor , ripper, and laser bucket, among others. Different excavator attachments are suitable for different tasks.
Q4: What factors contribute to the small excavator rental price?
A4: The small excavator rental price varies depending on several factors. These include the type and size of the excavator, rental duration, attachment needs, supply and demand, and additional services like transportation and insurance.