Types of 12v computer fans
A 12v computer fan is a fan that works on a 12-volt direct current (DC) power supply. Typically, these computer fans are used to cool the inside parts of a personal computer (PC) that heat up when in use. Since their invention in 1992, the 12-volt fans have undergone a number of upgrades. They now run on a pulse-width modulation (PWM) motor speed control, which offers more than one speed option, and are far quieter.
Besides using 12-volt fans in computers, people now use them in various applications where DC power is available. They are used in routers, for liquid cooling in PC gaming, in home automation, in automotive applications, for media center cooling, and for custom projects, among many other uses. The 12-volt fan is preferred in these applications for its voltage compatibility, availability, and efficient speed control.
Looking at a 12-volt fan, one can deduce its types by size and bearing.
Regarding size, 12-volt fans come in various sizes, the most common being 120 mm (12 cm) and 140 mm (14 cm). Fans of larger and smaller sizes also exist. The different sizes vary in airflow potential and noise levels.
- Small-sized fans: The small-sized 12-volt computer fans range from 30 mm to 80 mm in size. The smaller fans, measuring 30 mm to 40 mm, are mostly used for applications where space is extremely limited. They tend to have higher speeds, but this can make them a little less reliable. A smaller 12v fan will be suitable for active cooling on chips, any hard drives, or small enclosures that store gadgets.
- Medium sized fans: 12-volt fans of medium size are between 88 mm and 120 mm. They offer a good balance between size, airflow, and noise. The fan of 120 mm size is the most commonly used. They are mostly used in computers to cool the CPU, graphics card, and other components.
- Large-size fans: The large 12-volt fans measure 140 mm and above. Some models can go up to 200 mm or even larger. The larger fans are ideal for applications requiring high airflow to function properly. Their size enables them to move a lot of air at lower speeds compared to the smaller fans. This means they are quieter when operating.
Besides varying in size, 12-volt fans have different types of bearings. The bearings support the fan's shaft and help it to rotate smoothly. They extend the fan's lifespan while also reducing noise. The most common types of bearings are sleeve, fluid dynamic, and ball.
Functions and Features of 12v computer fans
- Voltage: The typical computer fan works with a 12v power supply. However, some smaller fans can operate on a lower voltage of 6v. Generally, the 12-volt fans are the most commonly used in desktop computers.
- Speed: Many standard 12-volt fans have varying speeds. They can range anywhere between 1200 to 5000 revolutions per minute (RPM). However, the typical fan will rotate at about 1500 to 2000 RPM.
- Sensors: Some computer 12v fans have built-in tachometric sensors. They can monitor the fan's speed, and help detect if the fan has stalled or failed.
- Speed Control: Voltage Regulation is a feature common among computer fans. By adjusting the voltage, one can regulate the fan's speed. There is also the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) feature that can control the fan speed through its duty cycle. The PWM feature is more efficient than the voltage regulation feature. Hysteresis is another fan speed control feature that reduces the fan speed at lower temperatures. It only increases the speed again when the temperature rises significantly. This feature helps prevent the fan from rapidly cycling at slight temp changes.
- Timers: Delay shutdown timers help computer fans stay on for a while, even after power is lost. They help reduce heat damage to computer components. The delay allows for adequate cooling before the fans stop spinning. Some fans have an automatic restart feature that enhances their protection. It helps them reset in case of a power surge or loss. This feature also prevents damage by ensuring the fan stops after the equipment cools down.
- Protection Circuits: 12v computer fans have protection circuits that ensure the equipment's safe operation. They have voltage regulation that controls the voltage levels to prevent the fan from damage. The fans also have anti-vibration and thermal protection measures. These enable them to function well without the risk of mechanical failure or excessive heat.
Scenarios of a 12v computer fan
The 12v cooling fan is versatile. It finds numerous applications in various industries and use cases. Here are some of them:
- Consumer electronics: The 12-volt CPU fan is a common sight in the computer hardware industry. Manufacturers use it to cool housing cabinets and heat sinks of powerful CPUs. The fan prevents overheating during resource-intensive tasks like gaming or programming. Its smooth operation allows for adequate airflow. As a result, it keeps a safe temperature for stable performance.
- Automotive industry: In the past, car engines relied on mechanical fans. These fans were hooked to the engine and only worked when it was running. Nowadays, most modern cars use 12-volt fans for various applications. For instance, they may be used as auxiliary fans to the main radiator fan. They share the cooling task in case of heavy engine loads. Additionally, 12v fans are used to cool electronic parts like the engine control unit.
- Aquarium chiller: Aquarium systems may use computer fans to create airflow for cooling purposes. Specifically, fish keepers use fans for evaporative cooling. The fan increases water surface agitation to lower the water temperature. It is an affordable solution for slightly reducing temperature during extremely hot weather.
- HVAC systems: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning manufacturers use 12v fans in smaller HVAC systems. The fans aid heat exchange in ducts, home air conditioners, and portable heaters.
- Industrial machinery: Industries use 12v fans for machine cooling. They are integrated into various pieces of equipment like welding machines, medical devices, and power tools. In all these instances, the fans prevent overheating during heavy-duty tasks.
- DIY projects and portable applications: Hobbyists and DIY enthusiasts use 12volt fans for their projects. For example, these fans level up simple homemade computers, electric heaters, and refrigerators, among other devices. The fans are ideal for battery-run or off-grid setups where lower voltages are preferred.
- Marketable products: Some product categories are explicitly made for portable applications. They include power banks (battery packs), laptops, and portable coolers (refrigerators).
How to choose a 12v computer fan
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Purpose:
Before buying a 12-volt fan, determine its purpose. Will it be used to cool a PC, a vent, a plant, or something else? The intended use will help users decide on the correct specifications and features.
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Size:
Evaluate the available space and install the 12v fan accordingly. Fans come in different sizes, so users can choose one that fits their needs. Additionally, measuring the area where the fan will be installed is a good idea. This will help avoid any errors or mistakes.
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Airflow and noise level:
Consider both the airflow and noise levels. Airflow (in cubic feet per minute or CFM) indicates how much air a fan moves. Higher CFM values mean more air circulation. Fans with lower CFM may be quieter. However, fans with higher CFM may produce more noise. Finding a balance depends on personal preference and specific needs. Some people prioritize higher airspeed, while others prefer a quieter fan.
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Application:
The 12v computer fan is an adaptable device as it can be found in a wide range of applications from computers and printers to home automation systems. Keeping this in mind when purchasing a fan will ensure that the correct type is selected for the intended purpose.
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Ball bearing vs sleeve bearing:
Ball bearings and sleeve bearings are two common types of fan bearings. They help the fan blades spin smoothly. Ball bearings tend to last longer, especially in situations with higher loads and temperatures. Sleeve bearings work well in most other cases. Knowing this can help users choose the right fan for their needs. Look for ball bearings if longer life and durability are most important. Choose a fan with sleeve bearings for cost-effectiveness.
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Speed control:
Some 12v silent fans have speed control, which lets users adjust how fast the fan spins. When selecting a fan with speed control, it is vital to consider the PWM (pulse width modulation) option. Fans with speed control capability provide consistent cooling while balancing noise levels. These fans automatically adjust their speed.
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Manufacturer:
Finally, consider the 12 volt fan brand. Look for brands that are recognized in the computing or electronics industry. Brands that have been praised for their quality and performance can give users confidence in their product.
12v computer fan Q and A
Q1: What benefits does a 12-volt fan provide over a 5-volt fan?
A1: A higher voltage fan like 12 volts can offer better performance, provide higher speeds, and improve reliability, particularly in applications where optimal cooling is critical.
Q2: What is the average lifespan of a 12v fan?
A2: While it can depend on the manufacturer and how it's used, most 12 volt PC fans have a bearing life of between 40,000 to 60,000 hours.
Q3: How can one reduce the noise level of a 12 volt fan?
A3: Using a fan with a lower dBA rating, reducing fan speed, and regular maintenance to remove any dust or debris can help reduce the noise level of the fan.
Q4: Can a 12v fan be powered with a variable speed controller?
A4: Yes, a 12 volt fan can run on a compatible variable speed controller that matches the fan's voltage and is designed for DC fans.
