Adding coolant

Types of Adding Coolant

Adding coolant is a crucial maintenance task for keeping vehicles' engines in good condition. There are several types of engine coolants available. They all serve the same purpose; to regulate the temperature of the engine. Here are the different types of coolants:

• Inorganic Additive Technology Coolant:

  IAT coolant is the first generation of coolants. It contains traditional additives like silicates, phosphates, and nitrites. These additives protect metal parts in the cooling system from corrosion. They are particularly effective for vehicles with older engines. However, IAT coolants require frequent changes. The additives can get depleted after using them for a while.

• Organic Acid Technology Coolant:

  OAT is a more recent coolant technology. It uses organic additives like carboxylates. These additives provide corrosion protection with minimal depletion. So, OAT coolants last longer than IAT coolants. They are suitable for modern vehicles with aluminum engines and cooling systems.

• Hybrid Organic Acid Technology Coolant:

  HOAT coolants combine IAT and OAT additives. They have both inorganic and organic corrosion inhibitors. Typically, HOAT is used for vehicles that have a mixed coolant requirement. They offer extended protection against corrosion and can suit a variety of engine cooling systems.

• Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, and Orange Coolants:

  The color of the coolant doesn't indicate its functionality. It only shows the type of additives used or the manufacturer. For instance, red and orange coolants are usually OAT. Green and blue coolants are often IAT or HOAT. The same goes for yellow coolant. Regardless of the color, always check the coolant's compatibility with the vehicle's cooling system.

• Water-Based Coolants:

  Water-based coolants are the most widely used. They contain 30-60% water and 20-70% antifreeze. The antifreeze is usually ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. These substances lower the boiling point of the coolant and raise the freezing point. Other than that, they prevent corrosion and improve the coolant's stability.

Non-water-based coolants are rare. They are usually used in extreme environments. For instance, the coolant may be needed in places with very high or low temperatures. Non-water-based coolants are also suitable for systems with low water content.

Specification and maintenance of adding coolant

• Coolant ratio

  The antifreeze-to-water ratio is vital for effective vehicle performance and safety. It prevents freezing in winter and boiling in summer. Adhering to this ratio ensures optimal temperature regulation and protects the cooling system. Always check the label for the recommended ratio.

• Quality Standards

  Quality standards for engine coolant ensure performance and safety. Look for compliance with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) standards. These ensure coolants meet critical properties like corrosion resistance and freeze/boil protection. Standards like G48 and G05 specify coolant formulations for modern cars. G48 is a long-life, red-based coolant for many vehicles. G05 is a hybrid organic coolant for cars. Choosing standards-based coolants protects the engine and meets regulatory standards.

• Color coding

  Coolants are color-coded for different formulations. But don't rely solely on color. Check the label or consult the car manual for the right type. This ensures compatibility and protects the cooling system. Using the wrong type can cause damage over time.

• Check for leaks

  Inspect hoses and connections for dampness or puddles under the vehicle. Look for wet spots on the cooling system. Thoroughly examine the radiator, water pump, and gasket for coolant drips. Minor leaks can become major ones. Even small damp spots may indicate a developing leak. Early leak detection is crucial. A small leak can lead to overheating and serious engine damage.

• Follow manufacturer's recommendations

  Check the user manual or maintenance guide for the recommended coolant type, change intervals, and proportions. Follow the recommendations precisely. The manufacturer knows what works best for the engine. Using the wrong type or changing too late can cause problems.

• Inspect the cooling system

  Regularly check the hoses, clamps, and radiator for damage, wear, or leaks. Replace any worn parts to prevent leaks and overheating. Hoses can crack from heat. Even minor leaks can reduce coolant levels and cause engine issues.

• Monitor coolant level

  Check the coolant reservoir regularly. Stay between the minimum and maximum marks. Low levels can lead to overheating. Top up with the correct coolant to avoid dilution. Always use the right coolant to prevent damage to the cooling system over time.

• Flush the cooling system

  Flushing removes old coolant and debris. It prevents corrosion and scaling, which damage the cooling system. Use a flush kit or follow the manual instructions for flushing. Always use the recommended coolant after flushing to protect the engine.

How to choose adding coolant

When adding coolant to a vehicle, it is important to choose the right type for the specific vehicle. Here are some tips to help with the selection process:

• Consider the vehicle's age: Older vehicles may require a coolant with a higher concentration of antifreeze, while newer ones may need a coolant with a lower concentration.
• Check the color: Different coolants are available in various colors, such as green, orange, red, or blue. The color indicates the type of formulation used. Stick to the color recommended by the manufacturer to ensure compatibility.
• Compatibility: Not all coolants are compatible with every vehicle. Some contain additives that can damage certain engine components. Always choose a coolant specifically designed for the vehicle's make and model to avoid potential damage.
• Temperature extremes: If the vehicle operates in areas with extremely high or low temperatures, select a coolant formulated to withstand those conditions. This ensures optimal engine protection and performance.
• Quality: Invest in a high-quality coolant from a reputable brand. Cheap or counterfeit products may not provide the necessary protection and can lead to engine damage over time.

By considering these factors, one can choose a coolant suitable for the vehicle and its operating conditions, ensuring proper engine cooling and protection.

How to DIY and Replace

Adding coolant to the vehicle's cooling system is a pretty straightforward process that can be done at home with a few basic tools. Before beginning, ensure to get the required materials, including coolant, a funnel, and an owner's manual for reference. The owner's manual is important to locate the coolant reservoir and understand the recommended coolant type for the specific vehicle.

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to add coolant to a car:

• Prepare the vehicle:

  Park the car on a level surface and turn off the engine. Allow the engine to cool for a few minutes. This is important because the coolant is under pressure and hotter. Opening the reservoir while the coolant is under pressure can cause serious burns.

• Locate the coolant reservoir:

  Find the coolant reservoir, usually a translucent tank with min and max markings near the radiator. The coolant level should be between these two markings.

• Check the coolant level:

  If the level is below the minimum marking, it indicates a low coolant level and needs a top-up.

• Prepare the coolant:

  Shake the coolant container and mix it with the required proportions of water as recommended by the manufacturer. Also, inspect the coolant for any signs of contamination, such as rust or debris.

• Add the coolant:

  Remove the cap from the coolant reservoir and pour the mixture until it reaches the maximum marking. Use a funnel to ensure accuracy and prevent spills.

• Replace the cap:

  After filling, securely replace the reservoir cap. Ensure it is tightly sealed to maintain the cooling system's pressure.

• Check for leaks:

  Start the engine and inspect the system for leaks. Look for any signs of coolant oozing from hoses or connections. If leaks are found, promptly address them by replacing faulty components.

• Dispose of old coolant:

  If changing the coolant entirely, dispose of the old coolant according to local regulations. Never pour it down the drain or on the ground, as it can harm the environment.

• Check the level again:

  After running the engine for a few minutes, recheck the coolant level in the reservoir. The level may drop slightly as the coolant circulates through the system. Add more coolant if necessary.

Q and A

Q1: How often should I add coolant to my car?

A1: There is no specific number of times to add coolant to the car within a given period. Check the car's coolant level frequently and top up if the level is low.

Q2: What happens if I don't add coolant to my car?

A2: Not adding coolant to the car results in overheating, which damages the car's engine. It also costs the car owner a lot in repairs and maintenance.

Q3: Is it necessary to add coolant to a new car?

A3: Adding coolant to a new car is essential, especially during the first few weeks when the engine breaks in. After that, the owner can stick to the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule.