Cnc machining center 4 axis

Types of 4-Axis CNC Machining Centers

A CNC machining center 4 axis is a device that adds an extra axis to the standard three. This is done by clamping the workpiece onto a table that can itself be rotated around an axis perpendicular to the other three. In a manner similar to the other three axes, the fourth axis is called the "A" axis or the indexing table axis, and it makes it possible to carry out machining operations on the workpiece from an additional direction or angle. In reality, the fourth axis may sometimes be moving at the same time as the other three, like in 3D contouring.

The fourth axis can be in the form of cylindrical or disc-shaped rotary tables, which are some of the most popular accessories for CNC machines. Generally, they can be split into two broad categories, namely, rotary tables with fixed indexes and continuous rotary tables.

• Rotary Tables with Fixed Index: The workpiece can be rotated at fixed angles that correspond to the table's divisions. For example, a rotary table with 12 divisions will allow the operator to reposition the workpiece in increments of 30 degrees. This type of rotary table is useful for tasks like engraving circular patterns or making equally spaced holes. They usually come with geared motors, precision machining parts, and controllers.
• Continuous Rotary Table: This allows for continuous rotation around its axis. It uses a servo motor in combination with a driver and controller to rotate and position the workpiece at any desired angle. This is especially useful for complex machining operations that require high levels of precision and flexibility.

Another common type of 4-axis CNC machining center are rotary axes that are attached to the workpiece holding device (the "*C" axis). Here, all the rotating parts are enclosed within a separate housing unit that is usually mounted on the spindle side of the machining device. This housing unit contains the drive motor, gear trains, and any other parts needed to facilitate movement. Sometimes referred to as "through spindle" or "direct drive" rotary units, these attachments can be used for a variety of tasks like 3D machining or simultaneous 3D contouring. They're most often used in the production of jewelry, molds, and other high-precision parts.

Another common way of classifying 4-axis CNC machines centers is according to their linear slides and helix. There are usually three broad categories: Helix C, Linear L, and RPM C. Helix C" machines have a helical rack and pinion drive that moves on an axis with linear bearings. In contrast, the "Linear L" machine uses linear rails and a rack and pinion mechanism. The "RPM C," however, uses a rotary motor with a pinion to move a table along its axis. The helical rack and pinion is perhaps the most precise and accurate moving device and is especially suited for heavy-duty work.

Specification and Maintenance

The CNC machining center 4 axis is always manufactured to meet the precise specifications and parameters so that it can carry out its intended purpose perfectly. Some of those specifications are as follows.

• Working Area

  The amount of space a 4-axis CNC machine has to perform its machining tasks is referred to as its working area. This directly correlates with the maximum size or dimension of the workpiece or material it can accommodate. The working area is often expressed as three-dimensional length x breadth x height parameter. For example, a machine that has a working area of 300 x 600 x 500 mm will be able to effectively work with any workpiece with those maximum dimensions.

• Spindle

  The central component that rotates cuttings tools or machining tools at a predetermined speed is known as the spindle. The CNC machining center 4 axis has multiple spindles, and their speed is usually measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). Each spindle can have a different rotation speed, such as 15,000 RPM, 24,000 RPM, or even 60,000 RPM. The precise speed of each spindle will determine the material that the 4-axis CNC machining center can work on.

• Control System

  The brain or the central computer system that governs and controls the functioning of the entire CNC machining center is known as its control system. The user's ability to easily and quickly operate, program, and control the machine is entirely dependent on this system. Different machines have different kinds of control systems. These are usually identified as an alphanumeric code or a model name. For instance, a machining center might use a control unit that is named FANUC 0i-MODEL F.

• Accuracy and Precision

  A defining feature of any true CNC machining center is its ability to create parts and components with exceptional levels of precision. By definition, this means that the machine 4-Axis must be able to repeat the same machining action within an accuracy of a few microns or thousandths of a millimeter. This also means that the device can achieve machining tolerances of ±0.01mm or even better.

• Tools and Carousels

  The CNC machining center is capable of carrying out various machining operations like drilling, tapping, milling, boring, etc., because of its tools and carousels. A tool is defined as any item or implement that is used to change or modify the shape of a workpiece. The tool carousel is referred to as the storage system that can hold multiple tools and automatically change them during the machining process.

Maintenance

Proper and timely maintenance is essential for the CNC machining center with 4-axis to function efficiently and smoothly for years to come. Regular maintenance will ensure that the machine's parts do not wear out quickly and are not damaged easily. A routine check-up and service schedule should be implemented to empower the machine and extend its operating life. The maintenance of these machines may include the following.

• Regular lubrication of moving and rotating parts
• Carrying out all recommended repairs and services
• Changing and cleaning filters on a routine basis
• Calibrating and adjusting the axes, spindles, and tool changers at periodic intervals
• Conducting regular inspections
• Tracking service records and keeping the machine's logbook up to date

Applications of 4 axis CNC machining centers

The beauty of 4-axis CNC machines lies in their flexibility and ability to create complex parts with high precision. In addition to increasing work efficiency, they are also economic. Here are some industries that can benefit from this machine.

• Aerospace engineering

  CNC machining centers are used extensively in the aerospace industry to create lightweight, high-strength aerospace structural components. Their ease of operation, coupled with multi-directional machining, results in more precise instrument parts. Airbus, Boeing, and other manufacturers mainly use 4-axis CNC machines to make specific nozzles, turbine blades, and other aircraft interior parts.

• Mold manufacturing

  Mold makers use 4-axis CNC machines to manufacture high-quality molds faster and in a more cost-effective way. The efficiency of 4-axis CNC machines is three-sided, which means that the operator has to do nothing for unidirectional machining and everything for three-sided machining. This transformation in efficiency means that more molds can be manufactured, thus giving molder makers more competitive advantage.

• Mechanical engineering

  The CNC machine is at the forefront of mechanical engineering. Regardless of whether it is assembly, construction, repair, or aircraft engineering, the machine is primarily used to determine and improve airframe parameters. Assess mechanical properties, handle general engine rebuilding, and perform sensor integration and data acquisition. It performs all these functions with precision, thereby guaranteeing machine quality and output.

• Marine Engineering

  The 4-axis CNC machine improves the machining efficiency of parts such as hydraulic pumps, exhaust valves, wave motors, and valve bodies. This is especially significant in marine engineering, where maritime engineers do not have the luxury to sacrifice even a second of machine time.

• Medical industry

  As the medical industry strives to use machinery for timely and cost-effective procedures, the CNC machine becomes all the more relevant. In medical settings that use metal, single metal, alloys, titanium, or polymer for implants, CNC machines help to cut, thread, and create complex shapes and forms that can be used in the human body. In all of these applications, efficiency and quality are essential, and 4-axis CNC machines excel in these areas.

• Automotive industry

  The automotive industry can also use 4-axis CNC machines to streamline vehicle production. Turbo housings, intake manifolds, valve covers, and more can be made with only one piece of material.

• Home Decoration and Construction

  4-axis CNC machines are also helpful in the decorative and construction industries, where fashion changes rapidly in this fast-changing world. Wanting to build aesthetically and at high-velocity speeds means that something is needed to help bring traditional handicrafts into the machine age; CNC machines accomplish this with ease, whether it is traditional solid wood, rubber wood, engineering wood, or LVL wood.

How to Choose a CNC machining center 4 axis

Choosing the right 4 axis CNC machining center is an overwhelming task due to the numerous models available in the marketplace. Fret not; by following a few simple tips, one will be able to pick the perfect machine for their specific requirements.

• Understand one's needs: First and foremost, it is essential to know what type of material one intends to work with. Whether it is wood, aluminum, plastic, or any other specific material, understanding the primary machining requirement will narrow down options. One should also consider the machine's utmost size they plan to work on. It is crucial to contemplate if there is a need for additional features like automatic tool changers or spindle types. Once the requirements are set, it becomes easier to match them with available 4 axis CNC machines.
• Research suppliers: Look for reputable suppliers who offer decent warranties and customer support services. Check reviews and ratings from other users to get an actual sense of what to expect from a particular machine and supplier. Do well to compare prices but keep in mind that sometimes cheaper options may end up costing more in the future due to maintenance issues or lack of support.
• Consider ease of use: If new to CNC machining, one may want to consider a device that is simple to use and comes with extensive training resources. Some controllers are more user-friendly than others, so take the time to research and read reviews. Ask about the level of support and training provided by the seller and make sure to choose a provider willing to help one get up and running smoothly.
• Future-proof investment: Lastly, think about the future and how this machine will fit into the ever-changing business model. Select a device with expandable features and capacities so it is possible to add new tools or modules down the line without replacing the entire system. Also, consider equipment with industry-standard components like controllers and software so they can be easily upgraded as required.

Cnc machining center 4 axis FAQ

Q1: What materials can a 4 Axis CNC machine work with?

A1: Generally speaking, The 4 Axis CNC machining center is compatible with various materials, including but not limited to wood, plastic, metal, and composite materials. Nevertheless, specific machining requirements and materials may need to be considered to ensure they are suitable for use with a 4 Axis CNC machine.

Q2: What software is used to operate a 4-axis CNC machine?

A2: Generally, 4-axis CNC machines utilize CNC control software and CAD/CAM software. The former enables the machine to receive and execute CNC code. The latter allows users to design parts and generate the CNC code needed for the machining process. Commonly used CAD/CAM software includes Mastercam, SolidWorks with SolidWorks CAM, and Autodesk Fusion 360, etc.

Q3: How safe is a 4-axis CNC machine?

A3: The 4-axis CNC machining center is generally considered safe because the device is designed to be automatically operated. However, as with any equipment, it is crucial to follow safety guidelines.