Electric power steering

Types of Electric Power Steering

Electric power steering is an innovative, modern, and efficient system that assists drivers in steering their vehicles. It uses electric motors to provide assistance, making steering easier and more precise, especially at low speeds or when parking. This system improves fuel efficiency, reduces the vehicle's overall weight, and offers more customizable steering feedback. Electric power steering has become a standard feature in many new vehicles. There are three main types of electric power steering systems:

• EPS with Column Drive: This system incorporates an electric motor into the steering column. The motor provides assistance directly to the driver’s input, making steering adjustments smoother and more intuitive. The EPS with Column Drive system is often used in smaller cars and vehicles where space is limited.
• EPS with Pinion Drive: Instead of being placed in the steering column, the electric motor is installed at the steering gear (pinion). The motor provides assistance to the entire steering system, making it suitable for larger and heavier vehicles. The EPS with Pinion Drive system offers more precise control over the steering, making it a better choice for trucks and SUVs.
• Dual Drive EPS: This advanced system combines both column and pinion drive setups. It features electric motors in both the steering column and at the pinion. The Dual Drive EPS provides flexible assistance, adjusting the level of power based on the vehicle's speed and steering input. This system is commonly found in high-performance sports cars and luxury vehicles, offering a perfect balance between comfort and precise handling.

Electric power steering can also be categorized based on its design and functionality.

• Hydraulic power steering (HPS): This traditional system uses hydraulic fluid to provide steering assistance. The fluid creates a pressure difference between the driver’s input and the steering output, allowing smoother and easier steering. HPS systems are reliable and provide good feedback, but they consume engine power and may become unresponsive at high speeds.
• Variable ratio steering (VRS): This system adapts the steering ratio based on the driver’s input and the vehicle's speed. VRS provides more responsive handling at high speeds and easier maneuverability at low speeds. The system uses either hydraulic or electric power steering, making it suitable for performance-oriented vehicles.
• Electromechanical power steering (EPS): This system combines the benefits of electric power steering with the reliability of hydraulic systems. EPS uses electric motors to assist in the steering, while the rest of the system is mechanical. The combination reduces energy consumption and maintenance costs.

Specifications and maintenance of electric power steering

Details of an electric power steering system's specifications and requirements are as follows.

• Electric Power Steering Motor

  The power steering motor is the heart of the EPS system. It provides the power assist needed to make steering easier. Motor specifications are as follows.

  Torque: Power steering motors provide several Nm of assist torque. This allows the driver to steer with minimal effort.

  Power: Motors are rated in the range of hundreds of Watts. Higher power allows for faster response and assist across a wider steering range.

  Speed: EPS motors are rated for several thousand RPM. High-speed operation enables quick and precise steering feedback.

• Electric Power Steering Control Module

  The control module is the brain of the EPS system. It monitors driver input and road conditions to provide optimal assist.

  Assist Maps: The control module uses pre-defined maps to determine assist levels at different steering angles.

  Torque Sensors: Modules use torque sensors to measure driver effort and adjust assist accordingly.

  Vehicle Speed Sensor: The control module receives input from the vehicle speed sensor. It uses speed data to modify assist at high or low speeds.

• Power Steering Fluid

  Power steering fluid is a key requirement for hydraulic power steering systems. However, EPS systems do not require fluid. They use electric motors to provide assist directly to the steering gear.

• Electric Power Steering Racks

  Electric power steering racks are steering components in EPS systems. They integrate the motor and assist functions into the steering rack.

  Torque: EPS racks provide several Nm of assist torque directly at the steering wheel.

  Power: Steering racks are rated at several hundred Watts for the motor driving the assist function.

  Ratio: The assist function in EPS racks is matched to the overall steering ratio. This ensures a well-balanced feel at the wheel.

• Electric Power Steering Gearbox

  Electric power steering gearboxes are steering components in EPS systems. They integrate the motor and assist functions into the steering gearbox.

  Torque: EPS gearboxes provide several Nm of assist torque directly at the steering wheel.

  Power: Gearboxes are rated at several hundred Watts for the motor driving the assist function.

  Ratio: The assist function in EPS gearboxes is matched to the overall steering ratio. This ensures a well-balanced feel at the wheel.

• Electric Power Steering Column

  Electric power steering columns are components in EPS systems. They control the steering effort and provide the assist function.

  Torque: EPS columns provide variable Nm of assist torque based on driver input.

  Power: Steering columns are rated at several hundred Watts for the motor assist function.

Electric power steering systems need regular maintenance to ensure reliable assist and smooth steering. Maintenance tasks include.

• Check and tighten electrical connections to prevent power loss to the motor.
• Inspect the motor and control module for signs of wear or damage and replace as needed.
• Monitor and maintain the battery's health, as the EPS relies on battery power.
• Test the torque sensor and control module to ensure accurate assist levels.
• Visually inspect the power steering column, electric motor, and other components for wear, damage, or leaks.
• Test the power steering system for proper operation and adjust assist levels if necessary.

How to Choose Electric Power Steering

Wholesale buyers will need to consider several factors before placing orders for EPS units and accessories. They include:

• Vehicle Compatibility

  The electric power steering system should be compatible with the existing steering system of the car. If the car is older, it is important to check whether it will be compatible with the EPS system. Also, different makes and models of vehicles require specific EPS components. Therefore, users should choose the EPS system based on the car model.

• Quality and Reliability

  Quality and reliability are important when sourcing EPS components. The EPS unit is a critical component of the vehicle, therefore, it should be sourced from reliable suppliers. Customers should read reviews and testimonials of the EPS parts supplier to gauge the quality of products offered.

• Torque Sensors

  Torque sensors are crucial for the EPS system, as they detect the driver's steering effort and adjust the assist accordingly. Depending on the driving experience customers want, they should select either a standard, variable, or adaptive torque sensor. More advanced torque sensors provide a more responsive and precise power steering assist.

• Steering Feel and Feedback

  Steering feel and feedback is another important consideration. Depending on the driving experience and feel, users should select an EPS system that offers the desired steering feedback and feel. More advanced EPS systems come with adjustable settings for steering feel and feedback.

• Installation and Maintenance

  When sourcing electric power steering systems, buyers should consider installation and maintenance requirements. Some EPS systems are easy to install and maintain, while others require more complex installation and regular maintenance. Depending on the skill level and maintenance preference, buyers should choose an EPS system that is easy to install and maintain.

• Budget

  Budget is an important factor when sourcing electric power steering systems. Different EPS systems come with different price tags. Therefore, buyers should set a budget and shop around for an EPS system that offers value for money. Remember, while the price is an important consideration, customers should not compromise on quality.

How to DIY and replace electric power steering

Generally, it is advisable to consult a qualified mechanic for assistance with electric power steering repair and maintenance. However, minor issues like low power steering fluid levels are easy to diagnose and rectify. If the system is user-friendly, car owners can attempt DIY electric power steering pump repairs.

When repairing or replacing any component of the electric power steering system, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and safety guidelines. Here are some general steps that should be followed when replacing a faulty steering gear drive motor or steering column assembly:

• Preparation

  Disconnect the car's battery. Gather the new power steering components that are a perfect match for the vehicle. Have the necessary tools within reach.

• Remove the old component

  Depending on which component is being replaced, locate it within the steering gear system. Loosen and remove the bolts and fasteners that hold it in place. Disconnect any electrical connections or fluid hoses (if applicable) and remove the component from the vehicle.

• Install the new component

  Put the new component in the space vacated by the old one. Secure it with bolts and fasteners. Ensure that it is fitted properly and aligned accurately. Connect any electrical connections or fluid hoses (if applicable).

• Check for leaks and test the system

  Check for any leaks around the newly installed component. If the component has any connections, ensure there are no leaks. Reconnect the battery and power up the electric power steering to test the new component. Check whether the system responds as expected and whether there are any error messages on the display.

Once the driver is satisfied that the new component is working well, recheck all the fasteners and electrical connections to ensure they are still tight and firm. Dispose of the old component per local regulations.

Q and A

Q1: Can the manual steering box be converted to power?

A1: Absolutely, a steering shaft can be converted to electric power. One can use the EPS system from a donor vehicle or an aftermarket kit. However, proper engineering and implementation are required to ensure safety and functionality.

Q2: Is maintenance different for vehicles with EPS?

A2: While the overall maintenance of the vehicle remains the same, there are specific aspects related to EPS to consider. For instance, avoid draining the battery completely, as the EPS requires a charge to function properly.

Q3: Can EPS be retrofitted into older vehicles?

A3: Yes, but it's a complex process. It involves selecting the right EPS unit, integrating it with the existing systems, and ensuring it fits within the vehicle's architecture. It is advisable to consult with a professional before attempting any retrofitting.

Popularity Trends

The keyword "electric power steering" maintains a steady average monthly web search volume of 6,600, with no significant changes observed over the past year or three months. The data from November 2023 to October 2024 shows consistent interest, with the exception of September 2024 where web searches dipped to 5,400 before rebounding back to 6,600 in October.

Throughout the year, the web search volume for "electric power steering" exhibited minimal fluctuations, indicating a stable interest level among consumers and professionals in the vehicle category. The dip in September could suggest a temporary decrease in queries, possibly influenced by seasonal factors or market events not directly tied to the product's inherent demand.

Despite the stable web search volume trends, it's worth noting that the lack of growth or decline could reflect a mature market segment where most potential customers are already aware of electric power steering systems, and technological advancements or new innovations might be necessary to spark further interest or increase web search volumes. This consistent demand without spikes or drops suggests a solidified position in the vehicle market, with web searches driven by ongoing need rather than by emerging trends or new product releases.