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Japanese lacquer trays are created with diverse materials, shapes, sizes, and purposes. And even though the essential elements of craftsmanship and beauty are maintained, each type serves a distinct purpose and reflects a unique aspect of Japanese tradition. Below are the common types.
Originating from the Aomori Prefecture in northern Japan, Tsugaru-nuri uses a special type of red and blue marine lacquer from the region. The patterns on Tsugaru-nuri trays, including the famous "Higashi Tsugaru" style, are quite striking, sometimes resembling the branches of a tree. This form of lacquerware is mostly utilitarian, but its vivid and ornamental nature makes it appealing enough for display purposes.
As one of the most well-known types of Japanese lacquerware, Maki-e trays employ gold, silver, or other metallic powders to make designs on the lacquer. The name "Maki-e" literally means "sprinkled picture," which well describes how the artwork is created. The artists of Maki-e trays use brushes or other delicate implements to apply the powder in intricate designs that can include anything from flowers to landscapes to figures. More often than not, these trays are created with very delicate artwork and are deemed more as decorative pieces rather than everyday use items.
The term "Shikki" translates to "sick" or "lacquered" in English. Shikki trays are lacquered with urushi, adhering to a strict practice of craftsman from Japan. These trays are normally solid and more practical compared to other types. They may also be classified into two: "Wagumi" which refers to "Japanese-style" and "Yamamon" which refers to "mountain design." In Shikki trays, every element counts. The details and quality of the lacquer show how people appreciate details in everything they do. And as a result, these trays are more often used for serving food in Japanese homes and restaurants.
These types of trays are usually used in funeral services in Japan. They are made of black lacquered wood and decorated with simple and modest designs in gold or silver paint. These trays are a symbol of honor and respect for the deceased and are commonly used to hold offerings or memorial services.
What makes a Japanese lacquer tray uniquely appealing is not just how it is made but how it is designed. The designs on lacquer trays have a long history, and each design holds cultural significance while displaying artisans' exceptional skills.
Ornamentation is a crucial design aspect of lacquer trays. Japanese designs frequently use floral designs such as plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, or peonies. These blossoms have significant meaning within Japanese culture; for instance, plum blossoms denote patience and resilience, whilst chrysanthemums signify longevity. Tsugaru-nuri employs bright and bold paints and original patterns that look like a branch of a tree or a natural phenomenon, which is quite different from the delicate and subtle images in most Japanese art.
Another common design element in lacquer trays is geometric patterns. These patterns usually contain lines, diamonds, and other shapes and are organized symmetrically. Such designs symbolize order and balance, two of the core aesthetics in Japanese art. Many lacquer trays have these patterns, mainly the trays intended for daily use. Although simple, these designs are clean and greatly enhance the beauty of the tray without overwhelming it.
The colors used in Japanese lacquer tray designs are more than just choices; they denote deeper meanings and symbolism. Red signifies happiness and good fortune, and black is commonly used in lacquer work to symbolize solemnity, depth, and elegance. Gold and silver powders used by Maki-e artisans speak of wealth and nobility, while natural shades of brown and beige in Kuri-nuri portray warmth and rudimentary beauty.
Natural motifs, including animals, plants, and landscapes, occasionally appear on lacquer trays. For example, an image of a crane would mean happiness and good health, while a turtle symbolizes long life. The tradition of using nature as the basis for art in Japan is termed "Shinrin," which means "forest," and is intact in lacquerware designs.
Japanese lacquer trays embody the clash between the nation's minimalism and opulence approach to art. While some trays, like those used in everyday life, maintain a simple and unadorned look to be functional and more pleasant, others, such as Maki-e trays, are created out of lavish materials and designs. Together, they interpret the Japanese notion of beauty in all aspects, whether it is in plainness or lavishness.
Japanese lacquer trays are renowned for their beauty, age, and functionality. They are made of high-quality materials and even care for and imbued with deep-rooted tradition and craftsmanship. Below is a highlight of the materials and durability of Japanese lacquer trays.
Various materials are used in making Japanese lacquer trays, and each one affects the tray's durability and functionality. The most typical base materials include:
Urushi lacquer is used on almost all authentic Japanese lacquer trays. It comes from the sap of the urushi tree, which is native to East Asia. This natural resin, once cured, forms a tough, glossy, and water-resistant coating. It has an earthy appearance that adds to the beauty of the wood grain and makes the tray even more functional and hard-wearing.
Japanese lacquer trays are still valuable in contemporary practice, be it in everyday life, at traditional ceremonies, or in exhibitions of art. Find below several scenarios where Japanese lacquer trays are used.
Japanese lacquer trays are widely employed in households and restaurants for serving food and beverages. An example is the Shikki trays which are mostly utilized in daily food services in Japanese homes and restaurants. The deeply ingrained tradition of "kaiseki," a multi-course Japanese meal, often served on lacquer trays. These trays do not only augment the visual presentation of the food but also preserve its temperature, whether hot or cold. Besides, the rims of these trays make it convenient for the person carrying the food to avoid spilling it while serving.
Japanese lacquer trays are commonly employed during special events, including weddings, birthdays, and the New Year. These trays carry important offerings or symbols during these events, such as in the Shinto Taimu ceremony, where Japanese lacquer trays hold sacred items like salt, rice, and sake. Weddings frequently have dishes served on lacquer trays, including the Mizuage Nuso, meaning "water deposit," representing the bride and groom's new beginning.
There are both Kuri-nuri and Tsugaru-nuri trays that have too much artwork making them inconducive for serving food, but they are ideal for display purposes. Maki-e trays, for instance, are often exposed in art galleries or museums, and private collections are where people go to see them. Such trays are made with great artistry, and each design is full of symbolism, making the two ideal for exhibits. Even with largely Japanese art, lacquer ware is perceived as high art because of its exceptional qualities.
Japanese lacquer trays are among the most favored items to give as presents. The elegance and detailed artwork on the trays create them to be exquisite gifts for various events such as weddings, anniversaries, or the New Year. In addition, there is a cultural practice in Japan called "Oseibo" and "Oshimose," which translates to "end-of-year giving," where people present lacquer trays as remarkable gifts.
With their lovely appearance, lacquer trays are now widely used as a base for organizing objects such as jewelry, stationery, or small household items. Both in store and in the home, these trays can be used to put things in an orderly fashion while still looking nice.
Choosing the right Japanese lacquer tray means being aware of several distinct factors. Below are some of those factors.
The purpose of the Japanese lacquer trays matters when choosing one. Consider whether using the tray will have a practical function, like serving food, or it will just be used for ornamental purposes. Maki-e trays should be a great choice if the need is for an art piece. They are elaborately designed and come with numerous symbolic meanings. On the other hand, for a tray with an everyday value, a Shikki or Kuri-nuri tray is an excellent pick. They are sturdy and practical and enjoy the challenges of everyday use.
The size of the Japanese lacquer trays varies, ranging from small, round trays best suited for serving a single dish or sake, to larger, rectangular ones, ideal for a complete meal. A bigger tray is most suitable when the purpose is to display art. A smaller one is great when the purpose is for organization or as a gift. The shape of a lacquer tray can also significantly impact its function and appeal. While round trays are seen to be more traditional and easier to carry, especially when serving, the rectangular and square trays look more modern and are practical for stacking or storing items.
Japanese lacquer trays are available at various quality levels. The highly detailed and labor-consuming methods of applying lacquer and the ornamentation will represent higher-end work. If investing in the best replacements, go for handmade trays from renowned areas like Kyoto, Aizu, and Wajima. Also, examine closely to confirm that the lacquer is smooth and glossy with no voids. The craftsmanship within the tray determines its appeal and usefulness and its probable value in the future.
These trays' base materials significantly impact their durability and practicality. Shikki trays are the hardest option since they are manufactured from urushi lacquer and wood. Bamboo trays are lightweight and easy to use, but they are not sturdy. Paper-mache trays are practical and economical but less sturdy than wood or bamboo.
The design and decoration of Japanese lacquer trays represent a lot of Japanese culture. Still, these elements will somewhat be less personal to a person. Select a design that compliments a person’s personal inclinations or space. For ornamental purposes, less usable designs such as Maki-e or Tsugaru-nuri should be employed. For practical use, although beautiful, choose designs that will not occupy much space or are easy to stack.
A1: Yes, they are. Japanese lacquer trays are safe to use with food, particularly those made of Shikki and Urushi lacquer. Shikki trays, made from lathe-turned wood and coated with urushi lacquer, have been traditionally used for serving food in Japan.
A2: Yes, there are. There are several care and maintenance tips for Japanese lacquer trays. First, when cleaning, gently wipe with a soft, damp cloth and avoid soaking in water or using abrasive materials. Don't use harsh chemicals as they could damage the lacquer. Use trays for serving dry or lightly moist foods to protect the lacquer from stains. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight to prevent fading. Lastly, for heavy use, consider using felt pads or coasters to avoid scratches.
A3: The common applications of Japanese lacquer trays are that they are used in daily dining, in auspicious ceremonies, in exhibitions of art pieces, and as gifts. Moreover, they are also frequently utilized as storage organizers and decoration at home.
A4: No, not all Japanese lacquer trays are handmade. Though some are machine-produced, many are still carefully handcrafted using century-old techniques, assuring every piece has authenticity and unique quality.
A5: Yes, they can. With proper care and maintenance, Japanese lacquer trays can last a lifetime. Their durability and repairability make them a long-lasting choice for both use and beauty.
