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Room Type
Temperature and humidity control systems are divided into two main types: professional and household remedies, depending on the degree of accuracy of the regulation and the area to be covered. Room absorbers in homes and small offices are less complicated and control temperature, moisture, and air exchange moderately. These equipment can be transported and installed without much hassle in different locations within a household or a small office. People prefer using these devices due to their relatively affordable prices, considering the small size and mobility of the office or house.
The sophisticated zone and whole-building temperature and humidity control systems are classified as commercial and industrial systems. In hospitals, hotels, or apartments, where the need for correct control is critical, large industrial facilities use such systems. All industrial T & H control systems are incorporated. Continuous and dense air circulation and filtering, continuous and dense coolant, and high heat exchange intensity are needed to maintain acceptable humidity and temperature in these facilities.
Precision
According to the accuracy of control, the T & H control systems can be divided into high-precision systems (such as for laboratories, computer centers, and food processing) and low-precision systems for ordinary space (offices, shops).In high-precision systems, the temperature and humidity in all spaces deviates not more than 1-2% from the set value. In these systems, the coolant and heat exchangers are installed in such a way that air is blown through them and part of air is recirculated, and mixed into it with little outside air through fans that turns the system into high precision T & H control systems.
For standard spaces with standard conditions of very low requirements for humidity and temperature, one can use low precision control systems. In these systems, the functional elements of the system, such as filters, heat exchangers, and dampers, do not provide for high degrees of air cleaning, recovering,, and mixing. As a result, such systems are cheaper and can be used in intermediate solutions.
By Configuration
T & H control systems can also be classified by configuration in duct and mobile, depending on how they are installed.Only duct space T & H control systems are appropriate and usually employed in large rooms or buildings with elaborate layout air duct network.However, portable T & H control systems are more convenient, cheaper, and easier to install and operate, which are valid in small spaces and for mobile business.
By Method of Dehumidification
The systems can also be divided based on the dehumidification method: using condensate removal, chemical methods, or absorbing substances. The cheapest and most common method is condensation dehumidification, whereby a drop in temperature leads to water vapor leaving the air in the form of liquid water. In the air conditioning systems, condensation dehumidification is the most widely applied method of dehumidification. Expensive and economically ineffective methods of dehumidification are chemical dehumidification and adsorption, which are not economical and not ecological, and are often used.
Internal Materials
The internal components of temperature humidity control systems are made of special corrosion-resistant and heat-conducting alloys. Fans, filters, and heat exchangers are usually made of materials with high heat conductivity: copper, aluminum, special brass alloys or bronze without lead. These materials are used in high-precision fields of mechanical systems, aviation and astronautics precisely because they are able to give up heat and cool and have strength and light weight.
External Housing
The external housing casings are usually made of galvanized steel and heat-resistant plastic. An external casing made of galvanized steel withstands mechanical damage, rust, scratches, or dents, reducing the internal components' vulnerability. Plastic outsides are made heat-resistant and do not lose their properties at high temperatures. The case's heat, UV radiation, and mechanical impact resistance determine the durability of the temperature & humidity control system.
Water Resistance
Many temperature and humidity control systems are manufactured with water and humidity resistance. These systems usually comprise special seals and coatings made of weatherproof materials - silicone, neoprene, UV-resistant plastics and epoxidic composites. Water and humidity-resistant systems are used in swimming pools, saunas, and those areas where high humidity contributes to the rapid breakdown of the systems.
Vibrations Resistance
The temperature and humidity control systems are manufactured in such a way that vibrations do not harm them, especially in the case of industrial systems or concerns located in very mobile and ecologically unfriendly regions. These systems usually comprise additional support and elements made of very strong, shock-resistant alloys. Additionally, special shock absorbers placed between the mounting brackets and the units help to reduce the vibrations transmitted to the system.
Food Processing industry
Food processing industries use temperature and humidity control systems to ensure that food products do not go bad due to absorbent heat or moisture. In this case, the system protects food from moisture and maintains it at the right temperature, reducing spoilage and waste. In pharmaceuticals, T & H control systems are very critical, especially for active substances that are affected by temperature or humidity. In textiles, humidity control systems are used to avoid damage to fabrics and raw materials due to high humidity levels.
Data Centers and Server Rooms
Computer systems and server rooms, which are particularly sensitive to temperature and humidity variations, also frequently deploy T & H control systems. The systems maintain constant temperatures and humidity that optimize operation and minimize system failure and damage to important stored information. In both transportation and storage of sensitive items such as electronics, artwork, and historical artifacts, control and monitoring of temperature and humidity are crucial. For instance, in transportation or storage of electronic equipment such as musical instruments, computers, and medical equipment, in aviation and maritime shipping industry, T & H control systems are used to protect against damage and maintain high quality and functionality. Using T & H control systems is cheaper than replacing products that are damaged due to variations in temperature and humidity control or saving valuable time spent on product repairs.
Manufacturing Process
In manufacturing processes of industries such as chemical, semiconductor, and paper mills, T & H control systems are essential. In chemical manufacturing industries, these systems help stabilize reactions sensitive to temperature changes. In semiconductor manufacturing, they boost product quality by reducing defects caused by high humidity. In paper mills, humidity control is critical in preventing paper products from warping or molding during production and storage.In agriculture, T & H control systems are crucial, especially in controlled-environment agriculture, where crops are grown in greenhouses or indoor farms. These systems control the optimal conditions for plant growth, maximizing yields and maintaining crop quality throughout the year. Livestock housing also needs proper temperature and humidity control to ensure the animals' health and comfort and minimize heat stress, which can affect productivity.
HVAC Systems
Temperature and humidity control systems work as part of larger heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in residential and commercial buildings. Here, they bolster the occupants' comfort and indoor air quality and reduce energy costs by minimizing the need for overcooling or heating. In energy-efficient buildings, T & H control systems help maintain a balance between ventilation and energy recovery, reducing energy consumption without compromising indoor air quality.
Load calculations
Load calculations involve determining the required capacity of a system based on the size of the space, number of occupants, equipment used, and building insulation. Proper load calculations guarantee the system is not undersized or oversized.
Sensitivity
Sensitivity - Different environments require different levels of precision in temperature and humidity control. For example, data centers, clean rooms, and laboratories require high sensitivity and accuracy control systems. These systems regulate temperature and humidity within very small tolerances. Low sensitivity control systems are suitable for less critical environments, such as offices, commercial spaces, and residential buildings, where the regulation can be less precise.
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency is a very important consideration as it directly affects the operating costs and environmental impact of temperature and humidity control systems. Modern systems are designed to be energy efficient, employing variable speed drives, smart sensors, and advanced control algorithms to minimize energy consumption while maintaining optimal conditions. Systems with high energy efficiency ratings can significantly reduce electricity bills, especially in environments requiring continuous operation.
System configuration
Configuration is about the type of temperature and humidity control system one can use - centralized, decentralized, or hybrid. Centralized systems are designed to handle large spaces or entire buildings. They are usually installed on the roof or in a mechanical room and ducted to different areas. A decentralized system is more efficient to control humidity and temperature in a smaller room or local area. Typical examples are window units and split systems.
Maintainability
Maintainability involves examining how easy it is to maintain and service the system, considering factors like accessibility of components, availability of filters, and ease of control. Systems with readily accessible components for cleaning, replacing, or servicing will reduce downtime and labor costs, enhancing overall system reliability. The kind and materials used to manufacture the various internal and external parts of the system influence the durability and robustness of the humidity and temperature control system. They can either be made of weakened or corrosion-resistant alloys, have a plastic casing, and be strengthened by additional mounts to be stronger and more resistant to wear.
Indoor air quality (IAQ)
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is very essential, as the system chosen should help enhance indoor air quality by ventilating, filtering, and conditioning the air. Many advanced systems are fitted with high-efficiency air filters that remove dust, allergens, and pollutants, improving indoor air quality. Good IAQ is crucial for occupant health and comfort, especially in commercial spaces like offices, schools, and hospitals.
A1: Such systems regulate and stabilize these factors to create optimal environments for various applications, including agriculture, data centers, manufacturing processes, and building interiors.
A2: Humidity control maintains the desired moisture levels in the air, while dehumidification specifically reduces excess moisture to lower humidity levels.
A3: For residential spaces, a comfortable indoor temperature range is typically between 20°C to 24°C (68°F to 75°F) with relative humidity levels between 30% and 50% is recommended.
A4: The ideal indoor living temperature is typically between 20°C to 22°C (68°F to 72°F) for comfort, with humidity levels maintained between 40% and 60%.
