How To Build A Simple Terrarium With Succulents In A Glass Jar

A terrarium is more than just a decorative piece—it’s a self-contained ecosystem that brings a touch of nature indoors. When built with succulents in a glass jar, it becomes a low-maintenance, visually striking centerpiece perfect for desks, shelves, or coffee tables. Unlike traditional closed terrariums that thrive on humidity, succulent terrariums require careful planning to prevent moisture buildup. This guide walks you through every step, from selecting the right container to maintaining your creation for months—or even years.

Why Choose Succulents for a Glass Jar Terrarium?

Succulents are ideal for terrariums due to their compact size, slow growth, and minimal water needs. Their ability to store water in leaves and stems makes them resilient in environments where overwatering is a common risk. However, not all succulents thrive in enclosed spaces. The key lies in choosing species adapted to drier conditions and ensuring proper drainage and airflow.

Glass jars offer transparency, allowing you to observe root development and soil condition. They also enhance aesthetic appeal by framing the miniature landscape like a living sculpture. But because glass traps heat and moisture, it's essential to use open-top or wide-mouthed jars rather than sealed containers.

“Succulents in terrariums succeed when treated as desert plants—not tropical ones. Light and drainage matter more than enclosure.” — Dr. Laura Bennett, Botanical Horticulturist at the National Garden Institute

Essential Materials and Tools Checklist

Tip: Always clean your glass jar thoroughly before starting. Residual oils or soap can promote mold growth.

Before assembling your terrarium, gather all necessary components. Using the right materials ensures longevity and reduces maintenance issues later.

Checklist: What You’ll Need

• Clear glass jar (wide-mouth preferred, minimum 4 inches wide)
• Small pebbles or aquarium gravel (for drainage)
• Activated charcoal (to filter impurities and reduce odor)
• Cactus or succulent potting mix (well-draining, sandy soil)
• Miniature succulents (3–5 depending on jar size)
• Tweezers or long-handled spoon (for precise planting)
• Fine mist spray bottle
• Decorative elements (optional: moss, stones, driftwood)
• Paper towel or funnel (for layering without mess)

Avoid regular potting soil—it retains too much moisture and leads to root rot. Similarly, skip perlite-heavy mixes unless combined with sand for better structure.

Step-by-Step Assembly Process

Building a succulent terrarium is methodical but straightforward. Follow these steps carefully to create a healthy, balanced environment.

1. Clean and dry the glass jar. Wash with warm soapy water and let air-dry completely. Any residue can harbor bacteria.
2. Add a 1–2 inch layer of small pebbles. This creates a reservoir for excess water, preventing roots from sitting in moisture.
3. Spread a thin layer (¼ inch) of activated charcoal. This helps neutralize toxins and keeps the soil fresh, especially important in enclosed spaces.
4. Layer 2–3 inches of cactus/succulent soil. Gently press down to stabilize, but don’t compact it. Leave space for plant roots and future growth.
5. Prepare your succulents. Remove outer leaves if needed and gently shake off old soil from roots. Trim any damaged parts with sterilized scissors.
6. Plant one succulent at a time. Use tweezers or a spoon to place each into the soil. Position taller plants toward the back or center, and trailing types near the edges.
7. Fill gaps with additional soil. Lightly firm around bases to secure them, but avoid burying lower leaves.
8. Add decorative touches (optional). Place decorative stones, preserved moss, or tiny figurines for visual interest. Avoid live moss—it thrives in humidity and may outcompete succulents.
9. Mist lightly after planting. Use only 4–5 sprays initially. Wait 5–7 days before watering again to allow roots to settle.

Tip: If using a narrow-necked bottle, roll soil into small balls and drop them in first, then add plants using long tools.

Choosing the Right Succulents for Your Jar

Not all succulents adapt well to confined spaces. Some grow too large, while others decay quickly in poor airflow. Select slow-growing, drought-tolerant varieties suited to limited root zones.

Succulent Type	Size at Maturity	Light Needs	Best For Terrariums?
Echeveria	2–6 inches diameter	Bright indirect to direct	Yes – rosette form adds elegance
Haworthia	3–4 inches tall	Low to medium light	Yes – tolerates lower light
Sedum (e.g., 'Little Missy')	Spreads slowly, under 3\"	Medium to bright	Yes – great ground cover
Aloe vera	Up to 12+ inches	Full sun	No – grows too large
Kalanchoe tomentosa	6–8 inches	Bright light	Limited – fuzzy leaves trap moisture

Limit your selection to three different types to maintain visual harmony and prevent overcrowding. Over time, pruning may be required to manage growth.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Many terrariums fail not because of neglect, but due to overcare. Misunderstanding the needs of succulents in enclosed settings leads to preventable problems.

• Using a sealed container: Closed jars trap humidity, which causes rot. Always choose open or vented containers.
• Overwatering: This is the leading cause of death. Succulents in terrariums need water only every 2–4 weeks, depending on climate.
• Poor drainage: Without a gravel base, water accumulates and suffocates roots.
• Insufficient light: Place near a south- or east-facing window. Avoid dark corners or shaded rooms.
• Ignoring condensation: Persistent fogging inside the jar signals excess moisture—remove the lid temporarily and allow evaporation.

“In my decade of teaching urban gardening, I’ve seen more terrariums die from kindness than neglect. People love them so much they water daily—and kill them in two weeks.” — Miguel Torres, Urban Gardening Instructor, Green Space Collective

Care and Maintenance Routine

Once assembled, your terrarium requires minimal upkeep—but consistency is key. Think of it as tending a tiny desert garden.

Daily to Weekly

• Observe for signs of stress: yellowing leaves, mushiness, or mold.
• Ensure it receives 4–6 hours of bright, indirect sunlight daily.
• Rotate the jar slightly each week for even growth.

Monthly

• Water sparingly—only when soil feels completely dry. Use a dropper or spray bottle to apply no more than 2 tablespoons per month.
• Remove dead leaves with sterilized tweezers to prevent decay.
• Prune leggy growth to encourage bushiness.

Seasonal

• During winter, reduce watering frequency further—succulents enter dormancy.
• In spring, consider repotting if roots fill the space or plants become top-heavy.

Tip: If your succulent starts stretching upward with spaced-out leaves (etiolation), it’s not getting enough light. Move it closer to a window or supplement with a grow light.

Real Example: A Beginner’s First Terrarium Journey

Sophie, a graphic designer in Portland, wanted to bring greenery into her minimalist apartment but had killed every houseplant she’d owned. After researching low-effort options, she decided to try a succulent terrarium in a repurposed cookie jar with a wide opening.

She followed the layering method precisely: pebbles, charcoal, cactus mix, then planted an Echeveria ‘Perle von Nurnberg’, a Haworthia fasciata, and a small Sedum rubrotinctum. She placed it on her sunlit kitchen windowsill and resisted the urge to water for ten days. For the first six weeks, the plants thrived—compact, vibrant, and growing slowly.

At week eight, she noticed slight condensation and a soft leaf on the Echeveria. She removed the jar’s lid (which she’d been replacing after checking) and let it air out for 24 hours. She trimmed the affected leaf and reduced watering to once a month. Today, her terrarium is in its ninth month and has become a conversation starter among friends.

Her advice? “Start simple. Don’t overcrowd. And trust the process—sometimes doing nothing is the best thing you can do.”

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use a mason jar with a lid for a succulent terrarium?

Only if you keep the lid off permanently. Sealing the jar creates a humid environment that will rot succulent roots within weeks. Use lidded jars strictly for display or storage of dried arrangements.

How often should I water my succulent terrarium?

Every 3–4 weeks in summer, and once every 6–8 weeks in winter. Always check that the soil is fully dry before adding water. When in doubt, wait longer.

Why are my succulent’s leaves turning yellow or mushy?

This usually indicates overwatering or poor drainage. Remove the plant immediately, trim rotten roots, let it callus for 2–3 days, then replant in fresh, dry soil. Reduce future watering and ensure the container allows airflow.

Conclusion: Create, Nurture, Enjoy

Building a simple terrarium with succulents in a glass jar blends creativity with science. It teaches patience, observation, and respect for natural rhythms. With the right materials, proper setup, and mindful care, your terrarium can remain a thriving micro-garden for years.

This isn’t just about decoration—it’s about cultivating a relationship with living things in a way that fits modern life. Whether you’re new to plants or expanding your indoor jungle, this project offers satisfaction without complexity.

💬 Ready to start your own? Gather your jar and succulents this weekend. Share your creation story or ask questions in the comments—let’s grow together.